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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of formaldehyde with cellulose in the presence of sulfuric acid (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1417-1425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The extent and rate of reaction between cotton yarn before and after slack mercerization and slack mercerization followed by stretching and formaldehyde, in the presence of various amounts of sulfuric acid (5-60% by weight) were studied. Beyond a concentration of 45% sulfuric acid, the reaction takes place very rapidly, and an explanation is put forward in terms of the extent of swelling of the fiber in sulfuric acid solutions. The reaction was also studied in the presence of glycerin, when the combined formaldehyde value is shown to decrease with an increasing concentration of glycerin.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160610
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  • 2
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    Bariumsulfat als Adsorbens in der Dünnschichtchromatographie (1974)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1974-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0372-820X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bariumsulfat als Adsorbens in der Dünnschichtchromatographie (1974)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 252 (1974), S. 351-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01551231
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in chemically modified celluloses. V. Affinities of vat dyes for chemically modified celluloses (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 1727-1739 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Cotton cellulose was separately oxidized by potassium metaperiodate, potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid, and potassium dichromate-oxalic acid at two oxidation levels, and the resulting oxycelluloses were further modified by treatment with chlorous acid and sodium borohydride in order to prepare a series of chemically modified celluloses with different functional groups. These fiber substances were dyed with leuco-flavanthrone at 40°C for different periods till equilibrium was reached. Adsorption isotherms were obtained with three purified vat dyes, and thermodynamic affinity of the dyes for the modified celluloses was determined, taking into consideration the adsorption of hydroxyl ions by cellulosic material and of sodium ions by carboxylate groups of oxycellulose. The presence of aldehyde and carboxyl groups is shown to decrease the rate of dyeing as well as the affinity of the dyes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170607
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in chemically modified celluloses. XI. Hypochlorite oxidation of cellulose in the presence of chromium oxide (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 123-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the dyeing of mineral Khaki on cotton fabrics, which are mainly used for military uniforms in India, a mixture of Fe2O3 and Cr2O3 is deposited in the fabric. When these garments are laundered using bleaching powder solution, the chromium oxide is likely to accelerate the oxidation of cotton cellulose. This aspect has been studied by oxidizing cotton yarn with sodium hypochlorite solution in the presence of chromium oxide, varying the chromium content, the pH of the oxidizing medium, and the concentration of the oxidizing agent. The properties of these chemically modified celluloses indicate that chromium oxide does accelerate the hypochlorite oxidation of cellulose and that the maximum extent of acceleration takes place when the oxidation is carried out at pH 7. The oxidized products were further modified separately by treatment with chlorous acid and sodium borohydride, and the effects of these agents on the properties of the oxidized products were studied.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230111
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically modified celluloses. XIII. Periodate oxidation of cellulose dyed with reactive and direct dyes in the presence of electrolytes (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 2269-2276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Periodate oxidation of cellulose dyed with vinyl sulfone-type reactive dyes at 32°C in the presence of various concentrations of alkaline earth metal chlorides and a cationic dye-fixing agent has been studied. The extent of the oxidation has been assessed in terms of rate constant, time of half reaction, and percent accessibility to periodate ions. Remazol Black B was used in the study. This dye on reduction with sodium hydrosulfite after reaction with the fiber removes the sulfonic acid group containing a portion of the dye, leaving behind a portion reacted with the fiber and not containing a sulfonate group. The study has also been extended to a few direct dyes which, unlike reactive dyes, have been shown not to inhibit the rate of periodate oxidation of cellulose.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070241107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the reaction between urea and formaldehyde in the presence of sulfuric acid (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1407-1410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of the reaction between urea and formaldehyde were studied in the presence of various amounts of sulfuric acid (5-45% by weight) at different temperatures (5°, 15°, and 25°C). The reaction was shown to follow first-order kinetics. The activation energy for the reaction varies from 12.51 kcal/mole to 14.59 kcal/mole in the range of sulfuric acid concentration studied.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070180511
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in dyeing. I. Effect of crystal modification of disperse dyes on their dyeing behavior (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 3141-3154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three commerical disperse dyes and a laboratory-synthesized disperse azo dye were converted to different crystal forms. These were characterized by melting point, x-ray diffractograms, and their dyeing behavior on polyester fibers. The different crystal modifications of the same dye were shown to dye polyester fibers (but not polyamide fibers) at different rates and to different fiber saturation values. An attempt has been made to explain these differences based on a thermodynamic approach. An attempt is made to apply the concept of crystal modification of disperse dyes to some of the earlier studies done on dyeing and printing of disperse dyes on polyester and secondary cellulose acetate substrates reported in the literature.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070201118
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in chemically modified celluloses. VIII. Hypochlorite oxidation of cellulose in the presence of cuprous hydroxide (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Cotton cellulose has been oxidized with aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution in the presence of cuprous hydroxide for a short time (10 min). The copper hydroxide content, the pH of the oxidizing medium, and the concentration of the oxidant were varied and their effect on the chemical and physical properties of cellulose has been studied. Cuprous hydroxide has been shown to possess intense catalytic activity in this oxidation. The oxidized products are further modified by chlorous acid and sodium borohydride treatments and their effects on the properties of the oxidized products studied.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200210
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in dyeing. II. Effect of crystal modification of disperse dyes on polyester dyeing at 130°C (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 2069-2075 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Four commercial disperse dyes were purified and their different crystal forms were prepared by crystallizing from different solvents or precipitating from their solutions in glacial acetic acid by dilution with water. These forms were found to have different melting points. They were dyed on polyester fibers at 130°C to fiber saturation values by changing the dyebath every 15 min. The effect of pretreatment of the dyes in an aqueous environment at different temperatures (60°, 100°, and 130°C) for 15-60 min in the presence and absence of a dispersing agent on the dye uptake values was also studied. Such treatments are shown to reduce the dye uptake. The implication of these treatments in practical dyeing are pointed out.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220726
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