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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization of 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine onto poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 2565-2568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200925
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers using H2O2 as initiator (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3253-3269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The presence of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers during polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using H2O2 as initiator resulted in a substantial, constant increase in the weight of the fibers after repeated extraction with acetone. Fractional precipitation curves of the extracted PET - MMA polymerization product and a physical mixture of PET and PMMA were different, indicating that the interaction of MMA with PET involved grafting. The magnitude of the latter enhanced considerably by increasing H2O2 concentration up to 30 mequiv/L, then decreased by further increasing H2O2 concentration. There was also an optimal temperature (80°C) for grafting; below or above this temperature, lower grafting was obtained. Similarly, carrying out the polymerization reaction at different pH values revealed that pH7 constituted the optimal. On the other hand, grafting increased upon increase of the methyl methacrylate concentration within the range studied (8-20%). Incorporation of Cu2+ or Fe3+ ions in the polymerization medium caused a decrement in grafting, irrespective of the metallic ion concentrations. Using methylene chloride as a swelling agent for the fibers failed to enhance the susceptibility of the latter toward grafting. On the contrary, tetrachloroethane was quite promising in this regard. The homopolymer formed during grafting was also reported.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261006
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving antistatic properties of poly(methylvinylpyridine)-poly(ethylene terephthalate) graft copolymers via alkylation (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 1129-1134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The alkylation reaction of poly(methylvinylpyridine)-poly(ethylene terephthalate) graft copolymers with different alkylating agents using monochloroacetic acid has proved to be the best as far as degree of alkylation and enhancement in electrical conductivity caused thereby are concerned. Kinetic investigation revealed that alkylation follows a second-order reaction, and the apparent activation energy is 15.23 cal/mole.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260406
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinyl graft polymerization-induced modification of some properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabricCorrected proofs received August 3, 1982 (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3683-3690 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and acrylic acid (AA)/styrene (St) mixtures with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric to different polymer add-ons was performed. Moisture regain, dyeability, and soiling properties of the modified PET were examined. It was found that introduction of poly(GMA) in PET structure brings about (a) improved moisture regain, (b) enhanced dyeing with disperse dyes, (c) affinity and possible dyeing with acid, direct, and reactive dyes, (d) improved aqueous and nonaqueous oily soil resistance, and (e) decreased ease of soil removal. The magnitude of moisture regain, dyeability, and soiling properties are dependent upon the percent of polymer add-on. Polymerization of MMA with PET improved the dyeability of the latter with the disperse dye as well as its resistance to nonaqueous oily soil while decreasing the resistance to aqueous soiling and ease of both aqueous and nonaqueous soil removal. In the case of PET polymerized with poly(AA/St), there was a considerable enhancement in moisture regain, dyeing with the disperse dye, and resistance to aqueous and non-aqueous oily soiling. On the other hand, both aqueous and nonaqueous soil characteristics of PET were imparted by polymerization of the latter with AA/St mixtures.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271005
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical modification of polyester/cotton blends. III. Grafting with 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 847-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220323
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting polymerization of 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine in poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers using benzoyl peroxide as initiator (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 1359-1375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymerization of 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine (MVP) in the presence of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers (PET) using benzoyl peroxide (BP) as initiator caused a substantial increase in the weight of fibers. The mechanism of this polymerization is believed to be grafting by vinyl addition to PET radical formed under the influence of BP. Increasing the BP concentration up to 4.26 × 10-3 mole/l. causes a significant enhancement in grafting, while further increase brings about a marked fall in the graft yield. Increasing the MVP concentration up to 10% also improves significantly the graft yield, but the latter, particularly in the later stages of the reaction, shows lower values at higher MVP concentrations. Raising the reaction temperature from 65° to 95°C causes a significant enhancement in the rate of grafting, though the maximum graft yield obtained at 95°C is much lower than at 85°C. Incorporation of Cu2+ ion in the polymerization system enhances the graft yield outstandingly. The same holds true for Fe3+ and Li ions, but the enhancement is much less than for Cu2+ ion. Addition of acetic or oxalic acid to the reaction decreases the magnitude of grafting. The same situation is encountered when a water/solvent mixture is used as reaction medium. Solvents employed were methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol. Also studied was the polymerization reaction with respect to homopolymer, total conversion, and graft efficiency.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220516
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization of 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine to poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres using a post-radiation technique (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 3335-3342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Radiation-induced grafting of 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine (MVP) to poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers (PET) was investigated under a variety of conditions employing a post-radiation technique. Over a range of a total dose of 1-10 Mrad, increasing the total dose from 1 up to 3 Mrad was accompanied by a significant enhancement in the extent and rate of grafting. Further increase in the total dose caused a decrease. The same situation was encountered with respect to MVP concentration (5%-10%) and polymerization temperature (75°-90°C). A MVP concentration of 8% and a temperature of 85°C constituted the optimal. Addition of copper sulfate at a concentration of 0.05 mmole/l. offset grafting. The effect of the said parameters on homopolymerization occurring during grafting was also investigated.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070221127
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benzoyl peroxide-induced graft polymerization of 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine onto polyester/wool blend (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 3355-3365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft polymerization of 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine (MVP) onto polyester/wool blended fabric was carried out using benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The graft polymerization reaction was conducted under a variety of conditions. The graft yield increased by increasing benzoyl peroxide concentration from 0.559 mmole/l. to 1.657 mmole/l. Further increase in benzoyl peroxide concentration (i.e., up to 2.795 mmole/l.) decreased grafting. Increasing the MVP concentration from 4% to 10% caused a significant enhancement in grafting. The same held true for raising the polymerization temperature within the range of 65°-85°C. The grafting reaction proceeded initially at a fast rate and decreased with time to a slower rate. The grafted samples showed improved dyeability toward acid dye, increased density, and decreased moisture regain as compared with the untreated blend. Furthermore, a tentative mechanism for initiation of grafting was suggested.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070211214
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    H2O2-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3245-3251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft polymerization of acrylic acid to poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers using H2O2 as initiator was only possible in benzyl alcohol as reaction medium. The effect of initiator and monomer concentrations, reaction time, and temperature as well as addition of metallic salts to the polymerization medium was studied. Percent grafting was enhanced significantly by increasing H2O2 concentrations up to 100 mequiv/L and then decreased upon further increase in initiator concentration. The same held true for acrylic acid concentration of up to 10%, but above this concentration grafting leveled off. Raising the polymerization temperature from 85 to 115°C favored grafting at lower H2O2concentration. The reverse was the case at higher H2O2 concentration (more than 25 mequiv/L). Addition of copper sulfate to the polymerization medium decreased the rate of grafting, and no leveling off of grafting could be achieved even after 5 h. The ferrous ammonium sulfate functioned similarly but to lesser degree, and leveling off of grafting occurred after 4 h. This contrasted with grafting in the absence of metallic salts where grafting leveled off after 1 h. Action of initial graft formation as diffusion barrier is believed to account for this.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261005
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dyeing properties of poly(methyl vinyl pyridine)-poly(ethylene terephthalate) graft copolymers (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 3051-3059 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Grafting of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers (PET) with 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine (MVP) was carried out using γ rays and benzoyl peroxide independently for the initiation of grafting. The poly(MVP)-PET graft copolymers were analyzed for density, moisture regain, and dyeability. Radiation-induced grafting yielded copolymers with densities and moisture regain appreciably higher than those produced by benzoyl peroxide. The same results occurred when acid dyes were used. The behavior of (MVP)-PET graft copolymers towards some reactive dyes was also studied. The extent and rate of dyeing were dependent of pH of the dye bath, nature of the dye and the magnitude of grafting. Dyeing occurs through formation of salt linkages between the pyridine moieties and the solubilizing groups (usually sulfonate groups) in the dye molecule.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070231024
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