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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 96 (1962), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 71 (1966), S. 195-203 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die durch Phytochrom 730 bewirkte Anthocyansynthese des Senfkeimlings kann durch Puromycin und 2-Thiouracil gehemmt werden. Im Gegensatz zu Actinomycin D (Lange u Mohr, 1965) hemmen diese Substanzen die Anthocyansynthese auch dann fast völlig, wenn sie erst längere Zeit, z. B. 12 Std. nach Lichtbeginn appliziert werden. Der Effekt von 2-Thiouracil kann aufgehoben werden, wenn man die Keimlinge in ein Medium mit Uracil oder Wasser bringt. Auch die gleichzeitige Applikation von Uracil und 2-Thiouracil führt zu einer zumindest partiellen Aufhebung des Hemmeffektes von 2-Thiouracil. Aus den Kinetiken kann man folgern, daß die “Lebensdauer” des “kurzlebigsten” Enzyms, das an der Anthocyansynthese beteiligt ist, in der Größenordnung von 6 Std liegt. Der Schluß erscheint aufgrund der Abb. 1. u. 2 berechtigt, daß die Synthese dieses Enzyms über P730 reguliert wird. — Die Wirkung von 2-Thiouracil kann in unserem Fall offensichtlich nicht nur damit gedeutet werden daß 2-Thiouracil in RNS engebaut wird und dadurch “falsche” RNS entsteht. Man muß vielmehr annehmen, daß das 2-Thiouracil auch eine direkte, kompetitive Enzymhemmung verursacht.
    Notes: Summary The phytochrome-mediated anthocyanin synthesis of the mustard seelding, Sinapis alba L., can be stopped by the application of relatively low concentrations of puromycin and 2-thiouracil. While actinomycin D, which has been investigated in a previous paper (Lange and Mohr, 1965), will block phytochrome-induced anthocyanin synthesis only if it is applied before or at the onset of light, puromycin and 2-thiouracil will stop anthocyanin synthesis even if they are applied at a later stage, e.g., 12 hours after the onset of light. — The effect of 2-thiouracil can be reversed if the seedlings are transferred to a medium containing uracil or to blank water. The simultaneous application of 2-thiouracil and uracil also leads to at least a partial reversal of the 2-thiouracil effect. — The kinetics of the puromycin inhibition (Fig. 2) indicate that the enzyme with the shortest “life-time” among those enzymes which are involved in anthocyanin production has a “life-time” in the order of 6 hours. One may reasonably conclude on the basis of Fig. 1 and 2 that synthesis of this particular enzyme is controlled by phytochrome 730. — The effect of 2-thiouracil (Fig. 3) cannot — in our case at least — be understood by only assuming that 2-thiouracil will be incorporated into RNA and thus will lead to the formation of “wrong” RNA. Inhibition by 2-thiouracil is much faster than inhibition by puromycin (Fig. 2,3). We have rather to conclude that 2-thiouracil may exert its effect mainly through a direct competitive enzyme inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Deep moist convection shows a tendency to organize into meso‐scale structures. To be able to understand the potential effect of convective organization on the climate, one needs first to characterize organization. In this study, we systematically characterize the organizational state of convection over Germany based on 2 years of cloud top observations derived from Meteosat Second Generation satellite and of precipitation cores detected in the German C‐band radar network. The organizational state of convection is characterized by commonly employed organization indices, which are mostly based on the object numbers, sizes and nearest‐neighbor distances. According to the organization index Iorg, cloud tops and precipitation cores are found to be in an organized state 69% and 92% of the time, respectively. There is increase in rainfall when the number of objects and their sizes increase, independently of the organizational state. Case study of specific days suggest that convectively organized states correspond to either local multi‐cell clusters, with less numerous, larger objects close to each other, or to scattered clusters, with more numerous, smaller organized objects spread out over the domain. For those days, simulations are performed with the large‐eddy model ICON with grid spacings of 625 m, 312 m and 156 m. Although the model underestimates rainfall and shows a too large cold cloud coverage, the organizational state is reasonably well represented without significant differences between the grid spacings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-10-01
    Description: The interaction between locally monochromatic finite-amplitude mesoscale waves, their nonlinearly induced higher harmonics, and a synoptic-scale flow is reconsidered, both in the tropospheric regime of weak stratification and in the stratospheric regime of moderately strong stratification. A review of the basic assumptions of quasi-geostrophic theory on an f -plane yields all synoptic scales in terms of a minimal number of natural variables, i.e. two out of the speed of sound, gravitational acceleration and Coriolis parameter. The wave scaling is defined so that all spatial and temporal scales are shorter by one order in the Rossby number, and by assuming their buoyancy field to be close to static instability. WKB theory is applied, with the Rossby number as scale separation parameter, combined with a systematic Rossby-number expansion of all fields. Classic results for synoptic-scale-flow balances and inertia-gravity wave (IGW) dynamics are recovered. These are supplemented by explicit expressions for the interaction between mesoscale geostrophic modes (GM), a possibly somewhat overlooked agent of horizontal coupling in the atmosphere, and the synoptic-scale flow. It is shown that IGW higher harmonics are slaved to the basic IGW, and that their amplitude is one order of magnitude smaller than the basic-wave amplitude. GM higher harmonics are not that weak and they are in intense nonlinear interaction between themselves and the basic GM. Compressible dynamics plays a significant role in the stratospheric stratification regime, where anelastic theory would yield insufficient results. Supplementing classic derivations, it is moreover shown that in the absence of mesoscale waves quasi-geostrophic theory holds also in the stratospheric stratification regime.
    Print ISSN: 0035-9009
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-870X
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1966-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-0935
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2048
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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