Publication Date:
2021-05-12
Description:
Lava flows produced during Etna flank eruptions represent severe hazards
for the nearby inhabited areas, which can be protected by adopting prompt
mitigation actions, such as the building of diversion barriers. Lava
diversion measures were attempted recently during the 1983, 1991-93, 2001
and 2002 Etna eruptions, although with different degrees of success. In
addition to the complexity of barrier construction (due to the adverse
physical conditions), the time available to successfully slow the advance of
a lava flow depends on the lava effusion rate, which is not easily
measurable. One method to estimate the average lava effusion rate over a
specified period of time is based on a volumetric approach; i.e. the
measurement of the volume changes of the lava flow over that period. Here,
this has been compared to an approach based on thermal image processing,
as applied to estimate the average effusion rates of lava flows during the
1981 and 2001 Etna eruptions. The final volumes were measured by the
comparison of pre-eruption and post-eruption photogrammetric digital
elevation models and orthophotographs. Lava volume growth during these
eruptions was estimated by locating the flow-front positions from analyses
of scientific papers and newspapers reports, as well as from helicopter
photographs. The analyses of these two eruptions contribute to the
understanding of the different eruptive mechanisms, highlighting the role
of the peak effusion rate, which represents a critical parameter for planning
of mitigation actions and for hazard evaluation.
Description:
Published
Description:
492-498
Description:
3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
Description:
JCR Journal
Description:
open
Keywords:
etna flank eruptions
;
05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
Repository Name:
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Type:
article
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