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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 46 (1954), S. 702-708 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 3172-3181 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamics of single bubbles have been studied when the bubbles are generated by focusing the energy discharged from a Q-switched laser into a small volume of dilute polymer solution undergoing shear between coaxial cylinders, one of which is rotating at a constant rate. Because of the shearing the bubbles are nonspherical. In accord with theoretical predictions the nonsphericity is reduced by approximately a factor of two when polymer is present at concentrations below 0.1% and the rate of shear in the fluid at the time of bubble inception is below 300 sec−1. A bubble is formed from the laser discharge on a time scale of nanoseconds. Bubble growth and collapse occur in approximately 1 msec. Because the event occurs over such a short time, it is believed that the results are relevant to the large alteration in cavitation behavior that is observed when polymer is added to fluid flowing past a bluff body in a water tunnel.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 5 (1966), S. 263-271 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 8 (1969), S. 332-338 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 16 (1984), S. 245-261 
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 686-688 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Reversal of secondary flow has been noted in several flows4?6 when fluid has been altered from Newtonian to viscoelastic behaviour. Our experimental apparatus (Fig. 1) was adapted from that used by Bertelson et al. The oscillating brass cylinder was 6.72 cm long, and had a diameter of 1.6 mm. It ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 20 (1995), S. 21-28 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract LDA experiments have been conducted in a two-dimensional steady streaming flow field in order to determine the secondary velocity profiles. We describe here an LDA system developed to resolve small secondary-flow velocities and to detect flow reversals due to viscoelasticity. Results compare well with theoretical predictions. A detailed analysis of the errors and uncertainties involved in the measurements confirms the reliability and reproducibility of the measurements. Although the method has been applied here to a specific flow field, the technique should be applicable to a number of secondary flows, such as those which can occur in curved pipes and in oscillating pipe flows.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 12 (1973), S. 253-262 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Summary Approximate solutions to the equations of motion for rheologically complex fluids have been obtained for the following unsteady flows between parallel boundaries: oscillatory shearing, superposed steady and parallel oscillatory shearing, and superposed steady and transverse oscillatory shearing. The chief objective is to elucidate contributions to these time-dependent flows which follow from interaction of harmonics of the flow and hence appear only when a nonlinear description of the flow is retained. It is shown that several new features arise. These may be helpful for discrimination between constitutive models.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 9 (1970), S. 604-607 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 13 (1974), S. 627-638 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die biaxiale Dehnung von Polyisobutylen wird durch die Aufblähung einer Blase untersucht. Zwei Arten Polyisobutylens werden gemessen. Das sind „Enjay Vistanex LM-MS und LM-MH“, die viskositätsmittlere Molekulargewichte von 35000 bzw. 46000 besitzen. Die Viskositäten bei Null Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit sind 1,1 × 106 und 1,4 × 106 poise, bzw. Bei 23°C fliegen die Stoffe genügend langsam, damit man sie in einem Blasenapparat messen kann. Es wurde gefunden, daß man zwischen 0,022 und 0,79 sec−1 einer konstanten Spannung und Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit nahekommen konnte. Deshalb ist es möglich, in diesem Bereich eine Dehnungs-Spannviskosität zu definieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die biaxiale Dehnungs-Spannviskosität mit zunehmender Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit abnimmt, wenn die Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit genügend klein ist. Jedoch beobachtet man, daß die Dehnungs-Spannviskosität ein Minimum besitzt. Jenseits des Minimums nimmt sie mit zunehmender Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit rasch zu.
    Notes: Summary A bubble inflation experiment has been used to study biaxial stretching of two samples of polyisobutylene. These were Enjay Vistanex LM-MS and LM-MH, which have viscosity-average molecular weights of 35 000 and 46000, respectively. Zero-shear viscosities are 1.1 × 106 and 1.4 × 106 poise, respectively. At room temperature (23 °C) the samples flow slowly enough under their own weight so that it was possible to test them in a bubble-blowing apparatus. It was found that constant stresses and constant stretch rates could be approached over a range of stretch rates from 0.022 to 0.79 sec−1. Consequently, one can define an extensional viscosity over this range. The results indicate that at sufficiently low stretch rates the biaxial extensional viscosity decreases with increasing stretch rate. However, a minimum extensional viscosity is observed, following which it increases rapidly with increasing stretch rate.
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