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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpretation of infrared spectra with modular neural-network systems
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 18 (1993), S. 27-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0169-7439
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0169-7439(93)80042-G
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practical HPLC method development - by L.R. Snyder, J.L. Glajch and J.J. Kirkland, Wiley, Chichester, New York, 1988, XVI + 260 pp., price £ 28.75, ISBN 0-471-62782-8.
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 509 (1990), S. 406-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021-9673(01)93100-0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 505 (1990), S. 1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021-9673(01)93064-X
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modern Suprcritical-Fluid Chromatography - by C.M. White (Editor), Huthig, 1988, DM 98.00, (xii + 239 pages) ISBN 3-7785-1569-1
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 8 (1989), S. 350-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-9936
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0165-9936(89)87047-5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expert systems in chromatography. Results of the ESCA project
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 272 (1993), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Keywords: ESCA project ; Expert systems ; Liquid chromatography
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003-2670(93)80374-T
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Löslichkeitsparameter als Werkzeug zum Verständnis der Flüssigkeitschromatographie (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 387-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Solubility parameter ; Theory of liquid chromatography ; Retention ; Selectivity ; Specific effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Konzept des Löslichkeitsparameters wird kurz diskutiert. Danach wird es benutzt, um einige Erscheinungen der Flüssig/Flüssig-Verteilungs-(LLC) und Adsorptions-Chromatographie (LSC) zu erklären. Es werden unterschiedliche Phasensysteme bezüglich dreier charakteristischer Erscheinungen besprochen:Retention, Selektivität (erhöhte Trennkraft eines Systems) undSpezifität (erhöhte Trennkraft für bestimmte Substanzpaare). Die Erscheinung zweier wesentlich unterschiedlicher Techniken, der Normalphasen- und der Umkehrphasen-Technik, ergibt sich als logische Konsequenz der vereinfachten Theorie. Es wird auch klar, warum die Reversed Phase. Anwendungen sehr viel zahlreicher als die übrigen sind. Es werden einige Anregungen zur Entwicklung neuer stationärer Phasen und der Verbesserung der bereits bestehenden gegeben. Es wird dargestellt, wie nützlich das Löslichkeitsparameter-Konzept zur Vorhersage der Lösemittelstärke von Lösemittelgemischen in der Umkehrphasen-Chromatographie ist. Zum Schluß werden einige praktische Regeln zur Auswahl und dem Betrieb von stationären und mobilen Phasensystemen formuliert.
    Notes: Summary The solubility parameter concept is briefly discussed. It is then used to explain some of the current features of liquid partition and adsorption chromatography. Various phase systems are discussed on the basis of three characteristics:retention, selectivity (the general separation power of a system) andspecificity (increased separation power towards certain pairs of solutes). The emergence of two essentially different techniques, the ‘normal phase’ and ‘reversed phase’ modes, will appear as a logical consequence of simplified theory. It also becomes obvious why ‘reversed phase’ applications are so much more numerous. Some suggestions are given for the development of new stationary phases and the improvement of existing ones. The usefulness of the solubility parameter concept to predict the solvent strength of mixed eluents in reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is demonstrated. Some practical rules for the selection and operation of stationary and mobile phase systems are formulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259227
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple procedure for the rapid optimization of reversed-phase separations with ternary mobile phase mixtures (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 688-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Reversed-phase LC ; Ternary mobile-phases ; Optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple rapid procedure is described for estimating optimum compositions of ternary mobile phase mixtures for the separation of samples by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). Retention data in two iso-eluotropic binary mobile phase mixtures (mixtures with equal retention times) are required to initiate the procedure. The logarithm of the capacity factor is assumed to vary linearly with the composition of isoeluotropic ternary mixtures formed by mixing the two limiting binaries. Using the product of resolution factors of adjacent peaks as the criterion, an optimum ternary composition is then calculated. After a chromatogram has been obtained with the predicted optimum ternary mobile phase, the procedure is repeated until no further improvement can be achieved. Examples of the application of the present procedure are described to illustrate its effectiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261886
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expert systems for chemical analysis (ESPRIT Project 1570) (1988)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 26 (1988), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: High-performance liquid chromatography ; Expert systems ; System selection and optimisation ; Application to pharmaceutical analysis ; Selectivity optimisation ; Method validation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper gives an overview of the structure and processes going on in the project Expert Systems for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), an international project within the ESPRIT research programme of the European Community. The application area, HPLC method development, is explained and broken down into four domains. The methods used for representing knowledge in the project are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02268159
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling chromatographic behaviour as a function of pH and solvent composition in RPLC (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 36 (1993), S. 83-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Retention models ; Method development ; pH optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In this work we establish the basic layout of IONICS, an expert system for optimizing the separation of ionogenic solutes in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography, using the pH and the organic-modifier concentration of the mobile phase as parameters. We also present REMO, a front-end system that automates the retention modelling stage, based on a 9-parameter model. This system uses a scale transformation to suppress several numerical problems previously observed and features a strategy for automatic calculation of an initial approximation to the model optimum. The successful application of this system to a set of seven drugs is described. The final models are accurate and have smaller numerical problems. We also describe the use of a genetic algorithm instead of classical non-linear least-squares for fitting the model to the experimental data. Results indicate that genetic algorithms are a valuable, complementary tool for retention modelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263843
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimizing separations in reversed-phase liquid chromatography by varying pH and solvent composition (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 35 (1993), S. 18-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Reverse phase ; Optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An interpretive optimization procedure in which pH can be one of the variables is presented with the emphasis on optimizing separations. When varying the pH in reversed-phase liquid chromatography the retention of ionogenic solutes will change. Thus, the selectivity between ionogenic and neutral solutes or between ionogenic solutes mutually can be optimized. However, pH also greatly affects the efficiency (plate count) and peak shape (asymmetry). Optimum selectivity (i.e. large differences in retention times) may be observed under conditions where peaks are broad and asymmetrical. Thus, it is essential to simultaneously consider retention, peak width and peak shape and their effects on separation (effective resolution) in pH-optimization studies. A procedure in which this is done is presented and applied to optimizing the separation of a synthetic mixture of selected pharmaceuticals. After initial experiments to establish the parameter space (boundaries for pH and binary methanol — water composition), twelve experiments are performed according to a 3×4 experimental design. At each loaction the retention, peak height, peak area and peak symmetry are recorded for each solute. These data are then used to build models for each of the four characteristics and for each solute. From this set of models the response surface, describing the quality of separation as a function of pH and composition, can be calculated. A variety of optimization criteria (quantifying quality of separation) can be used. The optimum corresponds to the highest point on the response surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02278552
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