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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Verapamil on ionized calcium excretion in human parotid saliva (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 7-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Verapamil ; salivary calcium ; ionized calcium ; parotid gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of Verapamil on ionized calcium transport in the parotid gland and duct system was investigated in eight male volunteers. Transepithelial Ca++-transport was inhibited, as shown by markedly enhanced excretion of calcium in parotid saliva.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644959
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über den Einfluß von Weichmachern auf die Characteristica der Kalium-Valinomycin-Diskelektrode (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 391-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Elektroden, ionenselektive ; Kalium-Valinomycin-Diskelektrode, PVC-Membranmatrix, Weichmachereinfluß
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von sechs verschiedenen Weichmachern in der PVC-Matrix auf die Characteristica der Kalium-Valinomycin-Diskelektrode wird untersucht. Die Weichmacher, die selbst eine gewisse Kalium-Selektivität nach Konditionierung in einer KCl-Lösung zeigen, verändern die Selektivitätsverhältnisse, Potentialkonstanz, Potentialreproduzierbarkeit und andere Parameter in auffälliger Weise. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß eine Elektrodenoptimierung anwendungsbezogen erfolgen sollte.
    Notes: Summary The influence of six different plasticisers — added to the PVC-matrix — on the characteristics of the potassium-valinomycin disc electrode is investigated. The plasticisers, which themselves show some selectivity for potassium ions after treatment in KCl solution, change the selectivities, the stability and reproduction of potentials and other parameters in a striking way. It is pointed out, that an optimation of electrodes should be made with respect to application in practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481559
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimierung einer Kalium-Valinomycin-Diskelektrode (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 396-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Elektroden, ionenselektive ; Kalium-Valinomycin-Diskelektrode, Optimierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über die Optimierung einer Kalium-Valinomycin-Diskelektrode durch den kombinierten Zusatz verschiedener Weichmacher berichtet. Die Inkorporation dreier Weichmacher (Diphenyläther, Dinonylphthalat, Trisäthylhexylphosphat) in die PVC-Membran führt zu einer Elektrode, die wesentliche Funktionskriterien für eine Anwendung in der klinischen Analytik erfüllt.
    Notes: Summary Optimization of a potassium valinomycin disc electrode by adding a combination of several plasticisers is reported. Incorporation of three plasticisers (diphenyl ether, dinonyl phthalate, trisethylhexyl phosphate) into the PVC membrane results in an electrode, which has all qualities for application in clinical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481560
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionenselektive Coated Glass-Elektroden (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 299 (1979), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Elektroden, ionenselektive ; coated glass, Carrier-PVC-Membran, Na, K, NH4, Ca
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Na+-, K+-, NH 4 + - und Ca2+ selektive coated glass-Elektroden wurden entwickelt, bei denen eine ionenselektive Carrier-PVC-Membran auf eine ionenselektive Glasschicht aufgebracht wird, die über einen Innenelektrolyten mit der Ableitelektrode in Verbindung steht. Die Selektivität wird durch die aufgebrachte Carrier-PVC-Membran bestimmt, die zusätzlich Weichmacher zur Optimierung der Eigenschaften enthält.
    Notes: Summary Na+, K+, NH 4 + and Ca2+ selective electrodes have been developed by coating the ion-selective glass layer with a carrier PVC membrane. The glass is in contact with the conducting electrode through an inner electrolyte. The selectivity is determined by the PVC membrane, containing neutral carriers or electrically charged ligands and additionally plasticizers for optimizing the properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00518421
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Funktionsweise der inneren Festableitung ionenselektiver Diskelektroden. I (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 248-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Elektroden, ionenselektive ; Diskelektroden, innere Ableitung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Diskelektroden mit Direktkontaktierung der ionenselektiven Membran durch Pt-, Ag-oder Cu-Drähte zeigen eine Abhängigkeit des Potentials vom O2-Partialdruck. Das Ausmaß dieser Abhängigkeit sowie Potentialdriften werden von der Membrandicke und -konsistenz beeinflußt. Elektroden mit innerer Ag/AgCl/Metall-Ableitung sind nicht O2-abhängig. Zusätzlich zur O2-Unabhängigkeit zeichnen sich Elektroden mit Ag/AgCl/Pt-Ableitung durch hohe Potentialstabilität aus.
    Notes: Summary Diskelectrodes with direct contact of Pt, Ag or Cu wires to the ion-selective membrane show dependence of the potential on the partial pressure of oxygen. The extent of this dependence and drifts of the potential are affected by thickness and consistence of membranes. Electrodes with internal Ag/AgCl/metal lead are independent of oxygen. In addition, electrodes with Ag/AgCl/Pt lead are of remarkable stability of potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481485
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zum Funktionsprinzip von Elektrodenmembranen mit dem Carboxyl-Ionophoren Monensin an Festkontaktsensoren (1988)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 332 (1988), S. 52-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The transport antibiotic Monensin acts as an electrogenic carrier in PVC membranes on Ag/AgCl/Pt solid contacts of disk electrodes. By way of experiments, it was possible to derive the existence of MonH · Na+ complexes from the operational principle of the electrode membranes. The non-physiological formation of protonized, positively charged complexes occurs owing to the high permittivity of o-NPOE as a plasticizer so that the ligand can become effective as an electrically neutral carrier. This is to be taken as the cause for Na+ to become the ion determining the potential also in measurements in the neutral point region; for it is the physiological effect of Monensin in thin biological membranes to mediate, as an exchange diffusion carrier, a Na +-proton countertransport at a 1∶1 ratio. This, however, is undesirable in measurements of the electromotive force (e.m.f.) since otherwise there would be no net charge transfer or formation of a potential difference at the lipophilic electrode membrane/aqueous measuring solution interface dependent upon the Na+ ion activity. The Monensin methylester was used as an electrically neutral ionophor for comparison. Likely, the lipophilic anion tetraphenyl borate causes the formation of MonH · Na+TPB− complexes, whereby the neutral molecule Monensin, presumably due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds to the lipophilic anion, undergoes a further distortion in the coordination sphere entailing undesirable electrode characteristics. Under the influence of o-NPOE as a plasticizer, long-lived Na+ selective PVC membranes including Monensin or its methylester derivative, have been realized, which applied on disk electrodes produce reliable sensors for analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00487031
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elimination of the acetate interference in potassium-selective valinomycin-PVC-membranes for process-controlling during haemodialysis (1993)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 347 (1993), S. 141-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Valinomycin-PVC-membranes of potassium-selective electrodes, which were used up to now, show for process controlling during haemodialysis in the presence of dialytic solutions including acetate, an anion interference which has to be corrected. On the basis of experimental examinations on the influence of plasticizers, lipophilic anions and different concentrations of ionophoric transport-antibiotics on the nature of membranes, an optimized application could be realized. But surprisingly, the incorporation of lipophilic anions like tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate induces a significant acetate anion interference. Otherwise, when avoiding this lipophilic anion in PVC-membranes with a saturation of valinomycin on oxygen-independent solid-state contact sensors, an elimination of acetate anion interference is achieved if bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate is used as plasticizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322846
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    K. Cammann, H. Galster: Das Arbeiten mit ionenselekti ven Elektroden. Eine Einführung für den Praktiker, 3. Aufl., 296 S., 104 Abb., 52 Tab., 607 Literaturzitate, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Barcelona, Budapest, Hongkong, London, Mailand, Paris, Santa Clara, Singapur, Tokio, DM 128,00, ISBN 3-540-59153-2 (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 338 (1996), S. 688-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.199633801134
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hochselektive pH-Festkontakt-Sensoren auf der Basis von Protonen-Carrier-PVC-Membranen mit polymeren Weichmachern (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 339 (1997), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Highly Selective pH-Solid-State-Sensors Based on Proton-Carrier-PVC-Membranes with Polymeric PlasticizersBasing on membrane chemical experiments, the systematic development of a highly selective proton carrier PVC membrance for solid state contact sensors with trioctylamine as ligand and a phthalic acid polyester as polymeric plasticizer is described. Its resistance to saponification leads, compared to monomeric plasticizers, to higher stability of measured values of alkaline solutions. The incorporation of lipophilic anions is indispensable for the repulsion of elements of negative charge. The membrane systems' selectivity is strongly influenced by the ligand's exolipophilic periphery. Several membrane systems attractive for analysis are specified.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19973390124
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cation selective tubular carrier-PVC-membranes containing polymeric plasticizer with low tendency of migration for Solid State Contact Electrodes (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 336 (1994), S. 575-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The lifetime of cation selective carrier-PVC-membranes partially depends on the components' remaining in the membrane. An exchange of monomeric by polymeric plasticizers with low tendency to migrate lengthens the function time drastically. Other than for Na+ - and NH4+-selective membranes, it is essential for K+ - and Ca2+-selective membranes and optional for H+-selective membranes to incorporate lipophilic anions in order to make the phase transfer catalysis more efficient. The resistence to saponification of phthalic acid polyester gives H+-selective membranes a high stability of measured values even in the alkaline range.For anion selective PVC-membranes, instead of cation selective plasticizers the plasticizing qualities of a liquid charged ligand should be used.The tubular carrier-PVC-membranes of our ion selective flow through measuring systems are diffusion welded to the ends of two PVC-tubes [1] so that they are absolutely tight with no risk of potential leakage. Migration of the membrane components plasticizer and ionophore across this border as well as their extraction [2, 3] into the measuring solution [4] will naturally reduce the membrane's functionning time [5].
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19943360703
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