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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conservation Biogeography of the Indonesian coelacanths (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 403 (2000), S. 38-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Living coelacanths (Latimeria chalumnae) are normally found only in the western Indian Ocean, where they inhabit submarine caves in the Comores Islands. Two specimens have since been caught off the island of Manado Tua, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, some 10,000 kilometres away. We sought to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/47400
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for deployment of externally attached sonic fish tags from a manned submersible and their effects on coelacanths (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 128 (1997), S. 359-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A method for attaching acoustic transmitters externally to deep-water fishes in situ is described. Tags, each comprising a transmitter connected to a dart, were fired at fish from a pneumatic gun held by the manipulator arm of a submersible. The method was applied successfully for tagging coelacanths and may have application for use with other species of fishes living at depths to about 1000 m. The usefulness of direct observation for monitoring the effects of tags on fish is evaluated in relation to the effects of the tagging method on coelacanths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050101
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of time and space utilisation in coelacanths (Latimeria chalumnae), determined by ultrasonic telemetry (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biology 136 (2000), S. 943-952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Acoustic telemetry was used to examine patterns of activity and space utilisation of coelacanths, nocturnal predators which spend the day in submarine caves. Nine coelacanths (Latimeria chalumnae) were tracked, each for a period of 1 to 16 nights at Grande Comore, West Indian Ocean. Activities lasted on average 9 h, usually starting shortly after sunset and ending before sunrise. Vertically, coelacanths moved up and down at and below cave level by following the bottom contour, mainly between 180 and 400 m depth. The deepest record was 698 m, the shallowest 133 m. Most time was spent between 200 and 300 m depth. Large individuals performed deep excursions to depths below 400 m, usually once per night. The fish spent most time in water temperatures of 15 to 19 °C; they rarely ventured into waters warmer than 22 °C measured at depths shallower than 160 m depth. Horizontally, coelacanths stayed in narrow areas ranging from 〈1 to 10 km of coastline. Coelacanths are extremely slow drift-hunters with an estimated average swimming speed of 3.2 m min−1, often travelling not more than 3 km per night. They probably take advantage of local upwelling and downwelling and slow currents occurring parallel to the steep slopes. This study shows that coelacanths are inhabitants of the subphotic zone, where they are active mainly below the depth of their daytime refuges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270000294
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synchrony in egg-laying and reproductive success of neighboring common murres, Uria aalge (1996)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 39 (1996), S. 245-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Breeding synchrony ; Synchrony and breeding success ; Neighbor effects ; Common murre ; Uria aalge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Common murres (Uria aalge) are highly colonial; pairs often breed at the highest possible densities, in bodily contact with neighbors. At Bluff, a colony in western Alaska, we tested for synchrony in egg laying at various spatial scales and found little evidence for higher synchrony, either within study plots of 15–195 pairs, or within subplots containing several pairs, than among plots in a 5-year study. Egg laying of neighbors generally was more synchronous than expected based on overall frequency distributions in laying dates, however. Breeding success was positively correlated with the number of breeding neighbors and the number of neighbors tending eggs or nestlings at the time of egg laying. Breeding success of pairs with neighbors was positively related to the breeding success of neighbors. Pairs that produced eggs synchronously with at least one neighboring pair had higher success than those that began breeding either before or after their neighbors. Most reproductive failures at Bluff are due to accidental egg loss and predation on eggs by common ravens, Corvus corax, soon after laying. By occupying space where a raven might otherwise land and defending their own eggs, active breeding neighbors locally reduce the probability of egg predation. Active breeding neighbors also are less likely to flush and accidentally dislodge nearby eggs when disturbed than are nonbreeders. Murres breeding synchronously with neighbors have the highest assurance of the presence of active breeding neighbors both at the time of egg laying and throughout their reproductive attempts. Groups of neighboring murres can be considered small “selfish herds,” demonstrating by-product mutualism through their continued presence and defense of their own eggs and nestlings. Despite the advantages of breeding synchronously with neighbors, early breeding may often be favored, however.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050287
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pervaporation and membrane distillation through membranes made of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 206 (1993), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Eignung von Membranen aus Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenoxid) für die Trennung von Wasser-Ethanol-Gemischen mittels Pervaporation wurde untersucht. Asymmetrische Membranen entstanden durch Phaseninversion, wobei Chloroform als Lösungsmittel und 1-Butanol als Nichtlöser zur Anwendung kamen. Homogene, dichte Membranen wurden aus Lösungen des Polymeren in Chloroform durch Abdunstung des Lösungsmittels erhalten. Nichtporöse Membranen, die bevorzugt permeabel für Wasser sind, entstanden entweder durch Abdunstung oder durch Fällung aus Lösungen mit geringem Nichtlöseranteil. Mikroporöse, aus Lösungen mit hohem Nichtlöseranteil hergestellte Membranen lassen bevorzugt Ethanol permeieren, vorausgesetzt, daß die Feedlösung die Membran nicht benetzt.
    Notes: The ability of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) membranes to separate water-ethanol mixtures by pervaporation was examined. Asymmetric membranes were prepared from solutions containing chloroform as a solvent and 1-butanol as a nonsolvent by the phase-inversion process. Homogeneous, dense membranes were prepared from chloroform solutions by evaporation. Nonporous membranes (membranes precipitated from solutions with a low amount of the nonsolvent or prepared by evaporation) were preferentially permeable to water. Microporous membranes (precipitated from solutions with a high amount of the nonsolvent) were preferentially permeable to ethanol, provided the membrane is not wetted by the feed solution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052060116
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pervaporation of ethanol-organic solvent mixtures through poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) membrane (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 425-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Homogeneous dense membranes of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) were used to separate mixtures of ethanol - organic liquid by pervaporation. If the organic liquid had a strong affinity to PPO (e.g., toluene) and its concentration in the feed was low, smaller molecules of ethanol permeate preferentially through the membrane. When the concentration of this liquid in the feed was increased up to a certain value, the membrane was, on the contrary, permeated by it preferentially. When its concentration in the feed was further increased, flux through the membrane is dramatically increased and the membrane lost its selectivity. If the liquid in a binary mixture with ethanol in the feed had a low affinity to PPO (e.g., 1-propanol), the selectivity of the PPO membrane virtually did not depend on the feed composition, and the membrane was preferentially permeated by smaller molecules. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070530405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pervaporation through membranes made from acyl derivatives of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 1807-1811 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Several acyl derivatives of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) were obtained by Friedel - Crafts acylation, and the products were used to prepare membranes. During the pervaporation of 10% aqueous solutions of ethanol, acetone, 1-propanol, or dioxan, membranes made from unmodified, benzoylated, or propionylated PPO (glassy polymers, Tg 〉 200°C) were preferentially permeable to water, and their separation factors were mainly dependent on the molecular weight of the solvent. Membranes made from palmitoylated PPO (nonglassy polymer, Tg = 34.9°C) were preferentially permeable to organic solvents, and their separation factors correlated with the solubility parameters of the solvents under investigation. As regards membranes made from caproylated PPO (Tg = 130.6°C), there was no unambiguous relation to molecular weights of the solvents or to their solubility parameters. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070461012
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of dialysis membranes prepared from a ternary solution of cellulose acetate/acetone/dimethylformamide (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 132 (1985), S. 187-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden Dialysemembranen durch Gießen von Celluloseacetatlösung in ein Lösungsmittelgemisch von Aceton/Dimethylformamid (1 : 1) und durch teilweises Abdampfen des Lösungsmittels von der gegossenen Lösung bei Raumtemperatur und durch Koagulieren in Eiswasser hergestellt. Der Einfluß der Polymerkonzentration in der Lösung und der Abdampfdauer des Lösungsmittels auf die Zugfestigkeit, Morphologie und Permeabilität der Membranen wurde untersucht. Membranen mit den besten mechanischen Eigenschaften wurden aus Lösungen von 20-28 Gew.-% Celluloseacetat bei Abdampfzeiten über drei Minuten gebildet. Diese Membranen enthielten ein Minimum an Hohlräumen in ihren unteren Schichten. Die Permeabilität der Membranen für niedermolekulare Stoffe steigt mit sinkender Polymerkonzentration in den Lösungen und mit Verlängerung der Abdampfdauer des Lösungsmittels bis zu ungefähr 2 Minuten an.
    Notes: Dialysis membranes were prepared by casting a solution of cellulose acetate in a mixed solvent acetone/dimethylformamide (1:1) followed by partial evaporation of the solvent from the cast solution at room temperature and by coagulation in icewater. The effect of the polymer concentration in solution and evaporation time of the solvent on tensile strength, morphology, and permeability of the membranes was investigated. Membranes possessing the best mechanical properties are formed from solutions containing 20-28 wt.-% cellulose acetate and at evaporation times longer than three minutes. The membranes contain the minimal amount of cavities in their lower layer. The permeability of the membranes for low molar mass compounds increases with decreasing polymer concentration in the casting solution and with extension of the evaporation time of the solvent up to ca. 2 min.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1985.051320114
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  • 9
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    ACE-Asia Intercomparison of a Thermal-Optical Method for the Determination of Particle-Phase Organic and Elemental Carbon (2003)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0013-936X
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5851
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 10
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    Highway proximity and black carbon from cookstoves as a risk factor for higher blood pressure in rural China (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-25
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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