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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A STRANDED MELON-HEADED WHALE, PEPONOCEPHALA ELECTRA, IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL, WITH COMMENTS ON WOUNDS FROM THE COOKIECUTTER SHARK, ISISTIUS BRASILIENSIS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00582.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible case of aggressive mimicry in a neotropical scale-eating fish (1977)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 270 (1977), S. 510-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 P. heterostomus (upper) and A. fasciatus (lower) from the Rio Paraibuna, Sao Paulo. The colour of both fishes is also very similar; actual size of Probolodus 76 mm. Thirty-five individuals of P. heterostomus (54-104 mm) were caught in the Rio Paraibuna, Sao Paulo (2223'S, 4540'W), on five ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/270510a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nectar by day and night:Siphocampylus sulfureus (Lobeliaceae) pollinated by hummingbirds and bats (1994)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 191 (1994), S. 237-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Lobeliaceae ; Phyllostomidae ; Trochilidae ; Pollination ; chiropterophily ; ornithophily ; Flora of SE Brazil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Most species of the neotropical genusSiphocampylus are believed to be bird-pollinated. The pollination biology ofSiphocampylus sulfureus was studied in a montane region in SE Brazil. This species has features intermediate between ornithophilous and chiropterophilous syndromes: it presents a striking combination of yellowish flowers with strong odour (chiropterophilous features), and diurnal anthesis and sucrose-dominated nectar (ornithophilous features). Major pollinators were hummingbirds by day, and a phyllostomid bat by night.Siphocampylus sulfureus may be viewed as a recent derivate from the presumed ornithophilous stock within sect.Macrosiphon, and thus benefits from the activity of both diurnal and nocturnal vertebrate pollinators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984668
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bat pollination of the terrestrial herbIrlbachia alata (Gentianaceae) in northeastern Brazil (1998)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 209 (1998), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Gentianaceae ; Phyllostomidae ; Glossophaga soricina ; Pollination biology ; chiropterophily ; Atlantic forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pollination of the terrestrial herbIrlbachia alata by the batGlossophaga soricina was recorded in northeastern Brazil. This herb colonizes disturbed swampy sites in clearings and forest edges, blooming year-round. Its greenish white flowers open at dusk and attract phyllostomid bats and hawkmoths. The long-tongued batGlossophaga soricina is the major pollinator ofI. alata at the study site, with its trapline visits promoting cross-pollination of this herb. The small flowers and the delicate stem ofI. alata match the small size and the manoeuverable flight of glossophagine bats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985230
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bat pollination ofEncholirium glaziovii, a terrestrial bromeliad (1989)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 168 (1989), S. 167-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Bromeliaceae ; Pitcairnioideae ; Encholirium ; Phyllostomidae ; Lonchophylla ; Chiropterophily ; Flora of southeastern Brazil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The many-flowered, brush-like spikes ofEncholirium glaziovii, a ground-dwelling pitcairnioid bromeliad of the “campo rupestre” formation of southeastern Brazil, was observed being pollinated by the glossophagine bat,Lonchophylla bokermanni, in the Serra do Cipó (Minas Gerais). Nectar feeding was while hovering, and the pollen was preferentially transferred by the bat's snout. The floral pattern is chiropterophilous; unlike known tillandsioid bat flowers, stamens and style are protrusive beyond a small, persistent perigon, and anthesis, apparently protogynous, extends over several nights, with gradual onset and cease. Although various other flower-visitingChiroptera are known to occur in the area and are not mechanically precluded from exploitingEncholirium glaziovii, no one seems to compete withLonchophylla bokermanni. This species, a trap-liner, habitually forages in open habitats, a possible reason for its exclusiveness.—Flower details of two other species ofEncholirium from the same locality including one with the bat pollination syndrome, are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936097
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Daily Cleaning Activity and Diversity of Clients of the Barber Goby, Elacatinus figaro, on Rocky Reefs in Southeastern Brazil (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 59 (2000), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Gobiidae ; cleaning symbiosis ; cleaning stations ; fish clients ; feeding habits ; planktivores ; western South Atlantic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gobies of the genus Elacatinus are regarded as the most specialised cleaner fishes in the western tropical Atlantic, yet there are no studies on these cleaners in the southern portion of West Atlantic. We studied the diversity of clients and the daily cleaning activity of the barber goby, Elacatinus figaro, on rocky reefs in southeastern Brazil (23–24°S). A total of 34 fish client species in 16 families were recorded over 484 cleaning events. The most frequent clients were damselfishes, Pomacentridae (37.9% of cleaning events) and grunts, Haemulidae (16.9%). Planktivores were the most frequently attended trophic category, and two species in that category accounted for about a half (44%) of the total cleaning events. Size of clients ranged 4.5–55 cm and most individuals were medium-sized (12–30 cm); as the barber goby ranged 2–4.5 cm, clients were 1.5 to 15 times larger than the cleaner was. Cleaning activity started at dawn and ended shortly before nightfall, the highest frequency of interactions occurring at early morning (nocturnal clients) and mid-afternoon (diurnal clients). By midday the frequency of cleaning events decreased and their duration increased. A total of 109±3 cleaning events and 30±1 min of cleaning activity were estimated per cleaning station per day, both figures low when compared to those recorded for cleaner fishes in tropical areas of the western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007655819374
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of water hyacinths as shelter, foraging place, and transport by young piranhas, Serrasalmus spilopleura (1985)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 12 (1985), S. 237-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Characiformes ; Larval behaviour ; Feeding habits ; Dispersal ; Eichhornia crassipes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, plays an important role in the early life of the piranha, Serrasalmus spilopleura in southeastern Brazil. Larvae and early juveniles are found by both day and night among the roots of this free floating waterweed, thus gaining shelter, a rich foraging place, and potential rafting dispersal. Piranha larvae up to 19 mm SL feed mainly on small aquatic arthropods, slowly searched for inside the root tangle; larger juveniles tend to leave the plants and patrol more open areas. At 24 mm SL young piranhas begin to clip out pieces from fins of other fishes and seek shelter in water hyacinths only at night. About 30% of the rafting clumps of water hyacinths may harbour one to three piranha larvae, providing dispersal during floods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005154
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field evidence for suspension feeding in Pseudocaranx dentex, with comments on ram filtering in other jacks (Carangidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 53 (1998), S. 225-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: filter feeding ; plankton eating ; Caranginae ; Naucratinae ; Scomberoidinae ; Oligoplites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Suspension feeding is known in 16 fish families, with one instance of ram filtering recently recorded in a piscivorous naucratine carangid. I present field evidence of suspension feeding by Pseudocaranx dentex, a piscivorous and macroinvertivorous carangine jack, and note that ram filtering is already recorded for the leatherjacket Oligoplites saliens, a piscivorous and scale-eating scomberoidine carangid. Based on food habits and postulated phylogenetic relationships, I suggest that additional species of carangine jacks ram filter and that suspension feeding is a derived condition within the Carangidae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007492803796
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cleaning Activity of Juvenile Angelfish, Pomacanthus paru, on the Reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, Western South Atlantic (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 56 (1999), S. 399-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Pomacanthidae ; cleaning symbiosis ; cleaning stations ; fish clients ; feeding habits ; client abundance ; eastern Brazil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies on fish cleaning symbiosis in the tropical western Atlantic concentrate on specialized cleaner gobies and wrasses. On the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off the eastern Brazilian coast, juvenile french angelfish, Pomacanthus paru, clean a rich and varied community of fish clients. We recorded 31 reef fish species, including large predators such as groupers, jacks, and morays, being serviced by the french angelfish on cleaning stations situated mostly on seagrass flats. The angelfish performs a characteristic fluttering swimming at the station and, during cleaning events, touches the body of the clients with its pelvic fins. Frequency of encounters between the cleaner and its clients do not reflect the local abundance of client species; most of these move from the reefs to the sand flats to be cleaned. We found no correlation between client size and duration of cleaning events. The conspicuous black and yellow pattern, the fluttering swimming, the tenure of cleaning stations, the physical contact with the client, and the varied community of clients, qualify the juveniles of P. paru as specialized cleaners comparable to the gobies of the genus Elacatinus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007531925845
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scale-eating in characoids and other fishes (1983)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 9 (1983), S. 87-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Feeding habits ; Lepidophagy ; Evolution ; Behavior ; Predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Scale-eating is known for several unrelated fish groups, but few data are available on the habits of most species. General habits and feeding behavior of some lepidophagous characoids are presented and compared to other scale-eating species. The diversity of morphology, habits, and behavior of scale-eating fishes is great, and few patterns are shared by the specialized scale-eaters. Except for modified teeth, no morphological characteristic permits identifying a fish as a specialized lepidophage. Hunting tactics consist mainly of ambush, stalking, or disguise (aggressive mimicry). Scale-removal may be accomplished by a jarring strike with the snout, generally directed at the prey's flank, or by biting or rasping. The mode of scale-removal seems to reflect primarily the disposition of the jaws and the teeth. Scales are swallowed directly if taken in the mouth; if not, they are gathered as they sink, or picked up from the bottom. Scale-eating is probably a size-limited habit. Specialized scale-eaters rarely exceed 200 mm, most ranging near 120 mm. Some species eat scales only when young; most take other food items in addition to scales. Scale-eating habits probably arose from trophic or social behaviors. These are not mutually exclusive and, indeed, may have acted together during the evolution of lepidophagy. Suggested trophic origins include scraping epilithic algae, modified piscivory, and necrophagy. Social origins include intra- and interspecific aggressive behavior during feeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690855
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