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  • 1
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    Scientific Diving in Europe: Integration, Representation and Promotion. (2008)
    In:  EPIC3Diving for science 2008 : proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences 27th Symposium / Peter Brueggeman and Neal W. Pollock, editors. Dauphin Island, Ala. : American Academy of Underwater Sciences., pp. 139-146, ISBN: 9780980042320
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth, diet and condition of corkwing wrasse and rock cook on the west coast of Scotland (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 49 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A study of seasonal and sexual variations of growth, diet, somatic condition (KS), gonadosomatic condition (GSI) and hepatosomatic condition (HSI) of corkwing wrasse Crenilabrus melops (L.), and rock cook Centrolabrus exoletus was made on specimens taken from areas on the west coast of Scotland from May 1992 to February 1994. Capture throughout the year was by baited creel, 3-m beam trawl, fyke net or by anaesthetics applied underwater. Corkwing ranged in size from 31–212 mm and 0.3–131.2 g for males, and 31–203 mm and 0.3–103–5 g for females. Maximum corkwing ages were 6+ years for males, 7+ years for females. Male rock cook ranged in size from 43–165 mm, weighed 0.7–56–5 g, and had a maximum age of 8+ years; females ranged in size from 43–138 mm, weighed 0.7–39.3 g, and had a maximum age of 4+ years. Male growth rates were faster for both species. Male and female corkwing had low KS values during the period of high GSI values; the trends for rock cook KS values were more variable, but levels increased after the reproductive period. Maximum GSI values were 11.37 and 18.94 for male and female corkwing respectively, 9.63 and 16.63 for male and female rock cook. There was no seasonal HSI fluctuation for male corkwing, levels were higher during the reproductive period for female corkwing and male rock cook, lower during the same period for female rock cook. The diets of corkwing and rock cook were both dependent on epibenthos. Corkwing diet was dominated by gastropod molluscs. The management of sustainable fisheries for corkwing and rock cook is discussed in relation to the growth rates of the two species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb00006.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypometabolism in torpid goldsinny wrasse subjected to rapid reductions in seawater temperature (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 49 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Goldsinny Ctenolabrus rupestris were subjected to rapid, environmentally realistic, reductions in temperature at 2° C increments from 10 to 4° C over a 3-day period in full-strength sea water. In separate experiments, oxygen uptake measurements and ultrasound recordings of heart rate and opercular motion were carried out at regular intervals over the same temperature regime. Mean oxygen uptake rates fell from 0.042 to 0.028 ml O2 g−1 h−1 between 10 and 6° C respectively (Q10=2.71). Between 6 and 4° C mean rates decreased from 0.028 to 0.008 ml O2 g−1 h−1 (Q10=542). Mean opercular motion and heart beat rates decreased from 49.5 and 60.3 beats min−1 respectively at 10° C to 18.7 and 18.0 beats min−1 respectively at 4° C. Most goldsinny subjected to 4° C were observed in a torpid state and would not react to external stimulation. Opercular motion was erratic at 4° C and would at times cease altogether for periods up to 1.3 min duration. Heart movement was diffcult to detect at 4° C and may also have ceased for prolonged periods. Q10 values for opercular motion and heart beat rates recorded between 6 and 4° C were 6.39 and 24.52 respectively compared with values of 2.42 and 2.93 respectively recorded between 10 and 8° C. Such large depressions in metabolism appear not to have been reported previously for a marine fish species. No goldsinny mortalities were recorded at any temperature. The possibility that hypometabolic torpor is an adaptive strategy for goldsinny survival at low environmental temperatures is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb00005.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fish species found in the rocky sublittoral during winter months as revealed by the underwater application of the anaesthetic quinaldine (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 44 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using the anaesthetic quinaldine applied underwater, fish species not normally observed in the Scottish rocky sublittoral during the winter months have been recorded, and are listed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01212.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryonic and larval development of brown trout, Salmo trutta L.: exposure to aluminium, copper, lead or zinc in soft, acid water (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 38 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Freshly fertilized ova, eyed ova and yolk-sac fry of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., were exposed to each of four trace metals (aluminium: 6000 nmol l−1; copper: 80 nmol l−1; lead: 50 nmol l−1; zinc: 300 nmol l−1) while held in flowing artificial soft-water media maintained at pH 4.5 or 5.6 and [Ca] 20 or 200 μmol l−1. In continuous exposure from fertilization, survival of ova was severely affected at pH 4.5 and [Ca] 20 μmol l−1, regardless of the presence of Cu, Pb or Zn; Al reduced embryonic mortality and improved hatching success. High ambient [Ca] at pH 4.5 increased egg survival. At ‘swim-up’, surviving fry exposed to Al or Pb had lower whole body Ca, Na and K content, irrespective of pH or ambient [Ca]. Cu reduced whole body Ca and K content at pH 5.6 and [Ca] 200 μmol−1, and whole body Ca, Na and K content in the other media. Zn reduced whole body mineral content at pH 5.6 and [Ca] 20 μmol l−1. Whole body Mg content was reduced by all trace metals at pH 5.6 and [Ca] 20 μmol l−1, and by Cu at pH 5.6 and [Ca] 200 μmol l−1. Al and Cu impaired skeletal calcification at pH 5.6 at both ambient [Ca]; Pb only at [Ca] 20 μmol I−1. Zn enhanced calcification at pH 4.5 and [Ca] 200 μmol l−1. In the absence of trace metals, low pH reduced body Ca, Na, K content and skeletal calcification at [Ca] 200 μmol l−1. The uptake of Ca, Na and K, measured at regular intervals from hatching was impaired to the same extent by all treatments at pH 4.5, irrespective of ambient [Ca] or trace metal presence. At pH 5.6, irrespective of ambient [Ca], Al, Cu and Pb impaired Ca and K uptake. The rate of Na uptake was reduced by Al and Cu. Al-treated yolk-sac fry, exposed to low ambient [Ca] from 200–300° days post-hatch, suffered high mortalities regardless of pH. Ca, Na and K uptake was impaired by all treatments at pH 4.5, and by Al and Cu at pH 5.6 in a similar exposure period. The development of the early stages of brown trout in the presence of trace metals is discussed in relation to recruitment failure in areas of soft, acid water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03132.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Episodic exposure to acid and aluminium in soft water: survival and recovery of brown trout,Salmo trutta L. (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 39 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Yolk-sac fry, swim-up fry and 1–2 yr juveniles of brown trout, Sulmo trutta L., were exposed to episodes of aluminium and low pH, maximum aluminium concentration 12 μmol l−1 (323 μg l−1), minimum pH 4.5, total duration up to 54 h (yolk-sac fry) or up to 78 h (swim-up fry and juveniles), in an artificial soft water medium, [Ca] 20 μmol l−1 (0–8 mg l−1) (nominal baseline: pH 5.6, zero aluminium concentration). Yolk-sac fry mortality was nil or very low. A marked increase in susceptibility, with high mortalities, occurred when the yolk was fully absorbed. Mortality of juveniles exposed to two successive episodes was lower than would have been expected on the basis of comparisons with mortalities in single episodes, and mortality declined as the interval between the two episodes was increased. Disturbance of sodium, potassium or calcium balance or gill damage in surviving yolk-sac fry or juveniles was still evident 5 to 6 days after the end of a single episode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04355.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryonic and larval development of brown trout, Salmo trutta L.: exposure to trace metal mixtures in soft water (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 38 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Freshly fertilized ova of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., were exposed to all possible mixtures of Al (6000 nmol 11), Cu (80 nmol 1−1), Pb (50 nmol 1−1) and Zn (300 nmol 1 1). In a separate experiment, newly hatched brown trout yolk-sac fry were exposed to Mn (1500 nmol 1−1), Fe (2500 nmol 1 1), Ni (200 nmol 1−1) or Cd (4 nmol 1 1), separately, and in mixtures with either Al or Cu. Both experiments were conducted in flowing, artificial softwater media nominally at pH 5.6 [Ca] 20 μmol 1 1 and 10° C.Mortalities were high in fry subjected to treatments which contained both Al and Cu (31–72%), and to the Cu + Fe treatment (78%) compared with those from the other trace metal mixtures (0–22%). In all the treatments tested, fry exposed to trace metal mixtures containing Al and/or Cu had reduced whole body Ca, Na and K content, and seriously impaired skeletal calcification. Whole body Mg content was variable. In trace metal mixtures which contained Cu but not Al, the effects on fry survival and whole body mineral content were in general more deleterious than the corresponding mixtures but with Al present rather than Cu. The presence of Pb and/or Zn in mixtures with Al and/or Cu had a slight ameliorative effect in terms both of fry survival and whole body mineral content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03164.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation-based investigations of fishery changes as affected by the scale and design of artificial habitats (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Preliminary field observations on a large-scale multi-reef artificial reef system in Scotland indicated that the provision of artificial habitat of varying design alters the numbers and types of fishes present in areas where they were previously largely absent. These modifications could, in time, be highly beneficial to any programme of fishery enhancement, protection or restoration but only where the scale of habitat manipulation was relevant to the target fisheries. Ecosystem simulations provide a theoretical basis on which to conduct examinations of habitat manipulation at scales that could not be tested empirically. In the present study, a series of ecosystem models was constructed based on broad-scale simulations for the west coast of Scotland in order to examine the potential consequences to selected fisheries of different scales and types of intervention using artificial reefs. Initialized with a large-scale mass-balance model, a number of smaller-scale dynamic ecosystem simulations covered management situations that encompassed habitat type and reef design for open, restricted and closed fisheries. Spatial simulations examined the presence and absence of artificial habitat with natural reefs and marine protected areas (MPAs) under realistic environmental situations. The simulated trends supported preliminary field observations that artificial habitats would support similar biotic aggregations to natural reefs. Designs that maximized the reef edge as a function of the total reef volume were more productive for some of the functional groups examined compared with larger single deployments of identical area. Increasing the area of artificial habitat did result in improvements to some of the fisheries. The behaviour of some functional groups, however, highlighted the limitations of the broad-scale primary model to smaller-scale investigation. Future simulations used to inform management decision at the sub-regional level would require evidence-based revision to improve their relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00928.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival and subsequent development of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., subjected to episodic exposures of acid, aluminium and copper in soft water during embryonic and larval stages (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 38 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03640.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of eight trace metals in acid soft water on survival, mineral uptake and skeletal calcium deposition in yolk-sac fry of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Recently hatched fry of brown trout were exposed to each of eight trace metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and to a mixture of all eight, at concentrations typical of soft acid waters, in flowing artificial soft water medium at pH 4·5 and 6·5, for 30 days. At pH 4·5, in the absence of trace metals, net uptake of Ca, Na and K and skeletal calcification were impaired but mortalities were low (10%). At pH 4·5, in the presence of Al, Cu, Pb and Zn individually and the mixture, mortalities were high (87–100%). Cd, Fe, Mn and Ni at pH 4·5 each caused some mortalities (17–43%) and impaired skeletal calcification. At pH 6·5, each of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and the mixture of metals impaired net Ca uptake and (except Al, Fe and Pb) skeletal calcification. Net K uptake was impaired by Al and by the mixture, and less severely by Cu and by Fe. Net Na uptake was impaired by Al and by the mixture, and less severely by Fe and by Mn. The role of trace metals other than Al in fisheries’decline in soft acid waters is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb02968.x
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