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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Efficiency Direct Gene Transfer to Plants (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 3 (1985), S. 1099-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The efficiency of direct gene transfer to plant protoplasts has been increased more than 1000 fold over that previously reported. On the order of 2 percent of all colonies recovered without selection were transformed. The improvement was due to: treatment of protoplasts with a high voltage electric ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1285-1099
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcification of Spirostomum ambiguum (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 15 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. A method is described for cultivation of large numbers of Spirostomum ambiguum, calcified intracellularly with hydroxyapatite (bone salt deposits). The structure and activity of living animals at various stages of calcification is described and also illustrated with unstained and silver impregnated ciliates. A suitable modification of von Kossa's method for localization of insoluble phosphate deposits is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1968.tb02117.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blockade of Neuromuscular Transmission by Zinc (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 193 (1962), S. 689-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Work in our laboratory has been concerned with effects on the responses of living frog skeletal muscle due to zinc added to the Ringer's solution medium9'10. Thus, in concentration as small as 0-01 mM, zinc causes: (1) a 2-3 times potentiation of the peak twitch tension, which is due to a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/193689a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-step method for constructing unmarked insertions, deletions and allele substitutions in the yeast genome (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 248 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We describe three extensions of the method of site-specific genomic (SSG) mutagenesis. These three extensions of SSG mutagenesis were used to generate precise insertion, deletion, and allele substitution mutations in the genome of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These mutations are termed precise because no attached sequences (e.g., marker genes or recombination sites) are retained once the method is complete. Because the method is PCR-based, neither DNA cloning nor synthesis of long oligonucleotides is required. We demonstrated the efficacy of these methods by deleting an ORF, inserting the tandem affinity purification (TAP) tag, and replacing a wild-type allele with a mutant allele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.05.018
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High hydrostatic pressure effects onSpirostomum ambiguum (1967)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 1 (1967), S. 170-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les effets de la pression hydrostatique ont été étudiés surSpirostomum ambiguum cilié, à un stade précoce du culture, lorsqu'il n'est pas calcifié et plus tardivement lorsqu'il est calcifié. Les cellules non calcifiées sont sensibles à la pression. Elles deviennent inertes à 250 atm.; elles changent de forme à 30 0atm. et elles éclatent à 550 atm. Par contre, les organismes calcifiés adultes ne sont pas altérés à 550 atm. et ne présentent qu'une faible augmentation transitoire de diamètre qu'au bout de 2 heures de traitement à 1000 atm.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wird der Einfluß von hydrostatischem Druck auf die CiliatenSpirostomum ambiguum beschrieben, einerseits auf nicht verkalkte, im frühen Stadium der Kultur stehende Infusionen, anderseits auf verkalkte, längere Zeit gewachsene Mikroorganismen. Nicht verkalkte Zellen sind druckempfindlich; bei 250 Atm. verlieren sie ihre Mobilität, bei 300 Atm. verändern sie ihre Form und bei 550 Atm. platzen sie. Im Gegensatz dazu weisen die ausgewachsenen verkalkten Tiere bei 550 Atm. keine Veränderungen auf; nach Einwirkung von 1000 Atm. während 2 Std zeigen sie nur eine kleine vorübergehende Zunahme ihres Durchmessers.
    Notes: Abstract The effects of hydrostatic pressure on the ciliateSpirostomum ambiguum, when the organism is uncalcified in the early stage of culture and when it is calcified after periods of time are described. Uncalcified cells are sensitive to pressure, becoming quiescent at 250 atm, distorting at 300 atm and disrupting at 550 atm. In contrast, the mature calcified animals show no changes at 550 atm. and small temporary increases in diameter only during 2 hr of treatment at 1000 atm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02008087
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co–Transformation of Unlinked Foreign Genes into Plants by Direct Gene Transfer (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 4 (1986), S. 1093-1096 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Direct gene transfer experiments were carried out to find the rate of co–transformation of non–selectable and selectable (kanamycin resistance) genes offered to tobacco protoplasts as naked DNA on separate plasmids. After co–transformation, we could detect the presence of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1286-1093
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ductile fracture by hole growth in shear bands (1966)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 2 (1966), S. 614-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le mouvement d' un trou dans un corps visqueux et infini est donné pour le cas du tondage simple avec la tension hydrostatique superposée. Les trous se ferment sous la pression et le tondage, mais avec la tension et le tondage ils attaignent une excentricité et une orientation d' état fixe. Un critere pour la fracture dans les bandes tondues ce qui est fondé sur la coalescence des trous voisins indique pour la plasticité qu'il y a une reduction exponentielle dans la deformation nécessaire a fracturer avec tension. On présent une equation simple qui approxime le critere de fracture pour les problèmes d' intérêt pratique.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Unter Voraussetzung eines unbegrenzt grossen viskosen körpers wird die Verängerung und Bewegung eines Loches unter einfacher Schubbeanspruchung mit überlagerter hydrostatische Spannung dargestellt. Für einen plastischen Körper wird eine Abschätzung durchgeführt. Die Löcher schliessen sich unter Druck and Schub, erreichen abet bei Spannung and Schub eine stationäre Exzentrizität and Orientierung. Ein Kriterium für den Btuch in Schubzonen, herrührend vom Zusammenschluss benachbarter Löcher zeigt bei plastischen Körpern snit wachsender Spannung eine exponentielle Verringerung der erforderlichen Bruchbeanspruchung. Für Probleme von praktischem Interesse wird eine einfache Gleichung, die das Bruchkriterium annähernd wiedergibt vorgestellt.
    Notes: Abstract The motion of a hole in an infinite viscous body is given for simple shear with superimposed hydrostatic tension. An estimate is made for a plastic body. The holes close under pressure and shear, but reach a steady-state eccentricity and orientation with tension and shear. A criterion for fracture in shear bands, based on coalescence of neighboring holes, indicates an exponential reduction in fracture strain with tension for plasticity. A simple equation approximating the fracture criterion is presented for problems of practical interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184558
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyoscyamus muticus + Nicotiana tabacum fusion hybrids selected via auxotroph complementation (1984)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 3 (1984), S. 68-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts of the nicotinamide-deficient Hyoscyamus muticus cell line nic− IVH2 and of the nitrate reductase-deficient Nicotiana tabacum cell line NR− cnx 68 were induced to fuse. Selection for putative interspecific hybrid clones was via auxotroph complementation. Controls included tests for cross-feeding, cross inhibition, PEG-induced variation, culture-induced variation, reversion, viability, delayed selection. Protrotrophic cell lines were recovered exclusively from PEG-treated mixtures of both protoplast types. The putative hybrid clones grew independent of exogenously supplied auxins and cytokinins, and at a faster rate than either parent. The morphogenic potential of different clones varied from ‘non-morphogenic’ to ‘regeneration of fertile plants’. Indirect evidence for the hybrid nature of the clones is provided from a) tight selection, b) hormone-independent growth, c) hybrid vigour, d) extreme morphological variation, e) isoenzyme bands from both parents, f) morphogenic potential. Definite proof for the hybrid nature was, however, provided from species-specific DNA hybridization. Chimerism could be excluded since only the large subunit of Hyoscyamus muticus ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase was found and since species-specific DNA hybridization identified clones which gave no Nicotiana tabacum signal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270974
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray irradiation promoted asymmetric somatic hybridisation and molecular analysis of the products (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 445-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Protoplasts ; Fusion hybrid ; X-ray irradiation ; Repetitive DNA ; Species specific
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Complementation of two metabolic deficiences — nitrate reductase and tryptophan synthase — was used to select for somatic fusion hybrids between tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and henbane (Hyoscyamus muticus) with prior X-irradiation of one partner. Using species specific, radioactively labelled DNA probes it could be shown that a) irradiation significantly reduced the amount of chromosomal DNA of the irradiated fusion partner in the somatic hybrid, b) irradiation with doses which completely inhibit protoplast division did not pevent transfer of substantial amounts of chromosomal DNA into the fusion hybrids (so called ‘cybrids’) and c) this method transfers functional nuclear genes together with the partial genome from the irradiated partner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289819
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression instability and genetic disorders in transgenicNicotiana plumbaginifolia L. plants (1993)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 2 (1993), S. 307-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: protoplast transformation ; Nicotiana ; inactivation ; discordant segregations ; genetic disorders ; genetic instability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ease of integrative transformation with foreign genes and the extent of their expression and stability in successive generations determine the applicability of direct gene transfer. InNicotiana plumbaginifolia, one to ten copies of foreign DNA were integrated into the plant genome, resulting in simple to complex patterns of integration. Genetic analysis showed that in more than 50% of the cases, this DNA inserted at two or more loci in the genome. Of the 156 crosses performed between F1 monogenic transformants, only eight combinations showed linkage of the inserted neomycin phosphotransferase genes (npt). The following instability events were registered: physical loss, alterations in the initial segregation rates in successive meiotic generations observed in either selfing or crossing (reduction or increase in number of segregating loci) and genomic disorders in crosses between transformants. Among them of particular interest were the “discordant” segregation values observed between corresponding R1 and F1 progenies in up to 9% of the evaluated transformants. In addition, 5% of the transformants showed a phenotypic loss of resistance. In the F3 generation, 5 out of 15 transformants exhibited instability, which was transmitted to the F4 generation. Further increases in instability rates were observed with higher numbers of insertion loci and in crosses between independent transgenic plants, reaching 100% when a trigenic partner was involved.N. plumbaginifolia exhibited more instability thanN. tabacum under equivalent experimental conditions. The molecular bases of such instability events are discussed in relation to DNA methylation, co-suppression and genomic imbalance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01976171
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