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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Test of GPS for permanent ionospheric TEC monitoring at high latitudes (1996)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 14 (1996), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Global Positioning System (GPS) observables are affected by the ionosphere. The dispersive nature of this effect and the use of two frequencies in the GPS observations make possible to measure the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) from dual frequency GPS data. In this work we test the concept of permanent monitoring of TEC using a network of GPS receivers at high latitudes. We have used GPS data from five permanent receivers in Scandinavia, from 1–30 January 1994, with geographic latitudes ranging from 57.4°N to 78.9°N. The results show the capability of the method to monitor the evolution of TEC as a function of time and geographical location. We have detected night-time enhancements almost every night for some of the stations, and we have also been able to produce maps of the instantaneous TEC as a function of both latitude and longitude around the GPS network. We also present some of the current limitations in the use of GPS for estimating TEC at high latitudes such as the difficulties in solving for cycle-slips, and the necessity of reliable values for the receiver and satellite differential instrumental biases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0011-0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between GPS-signal propagation errors and EISCAT observations (1997)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 14 (1997), S. 1429-1436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract When travelling through the ionosphere the signals of space-based radio navigation systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) are subject to modifications in amplitude, phase and polarization. In particular, phase changes due to refraction lead to propagation errors of up to 50 m for single-frequency GPS users. If both the LI and the L2 frequencies transmitted by the GPS satellites are measured, first-order range error contributions of the ionosphere can be determined and removed by difference methods. The ionospheric contribution is proportional to the total electron content (TEC) along the ray path between satellite and receiver. Using about ten European GPS receiving stations of the International GPS Service for Geodynamics (IGS), the TEC over Europe is estimated within the geographic ranges −20° ≤ λ ≤ 40°E and 32.5° ø ≤ 70°N in longitude and latitude, respectively. The derived TEC maps over Europe contribute to the study of horizontal coupling and transport processes during significant ionospheric events. Due to their comprehensive information about the high-latitude ionosphere, EISCAT observations may help to study the influence of ionospheric phenomena upon propagation errors in GPS navigation systems. Since there are still some accuracy limiting problems to be solved in TEC determination using GPS, data comparison of TEC with vertical electron density profiles derived from EISCAT observations is valuable to enhance the accuracy of propagation-error estimations. This is evident both for absolute TEC calibration as well as for the conversion of ray-path-related observations to vertical TEC. The combination of EISCAT data and GPS-derived TEC data enables a better understanding of large-scale ionospheric processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-1429-0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionospheric calibration of single frequency VLBI and GPS observations using dual GPS data (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 68 (1994), S. 230-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Summary The ionospheric effect is one of the main sources of error in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Global Positioning System (GPS) high precision geodesy. Although the use of two frequencies allows the estimation of this effect, in some cases dual observations are not possible due to the available equipment or the type of observation. This paper presents the ionospheric calibration of single frequency VLBI and GPS observations based on the ionospheric electron content estimated from dual frequency GPS data. The ionospheric delays obtained with this procedure and the VLBI baseline length results have been compared with those obtained with dual frequency data. For the European geodetic VLBI baselines, both solutions agree at the 3–5 parts in 10−9 level. The noise introduced by the GPS-based calibration is in the order of 3 cm for the VLBI observables and of 10 cm for the GPS observables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00808103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary evaluation of the Russian GLONASS system as a potential geodetic tool (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 72 (1998), S. 356-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Keywords: Key words. Satellite geodesy ; Navigation ; GLONASS ; GPS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract. By the beginning of 1996 the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) constellation was completely deployed, although several satellites have already been decommissioned since then. With 17 satellites in operation (status as of 21 December 1997, although two of them are unusable and one is a non-operative spare), GLONASS is now an alternative and a complement to GPS. We present an evaluation of the current status of the GLONASS system, paying particular attention to its possible geodetic applications. Data from several receivers were used for this evaluation, including data from GPS receivers in order to allow for a comparison between GLONASS and GPS. We tested the quality of the geodetic observables, the consistency of the broadcast orbits, the single-point positioning results, and we also looked at multipath errors and cycle slips in our GLONASS data. In general the GLONASS performance has been found to be very satisfactory, even better than GPS in aspects such as single-receiver positioning or in the quality of the second-frequency pseudo-ranges due to the degradation of the GPS measurement quality under selective availability and anti-spoofing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001900050175
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  • 5
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    Low-latitude ionospheric effects on SBAS (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0048-6604
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-799X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 6
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    Estimation of the transmitter and receiver differential biases and the ionospheric total electron content from Global Positioning System observations (1994)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0048-6604
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-799X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 7
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    GPS-based TEC observations in comparison with IRI95 and the European TEC model NTCM2 (1998)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0273-1177
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-1948
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
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    Relationships between GPS-signal propagation errors and EISCAT observations (1996)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-31
    Description: When travelling through the ionosphere the signals of space-based radio navigation systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) are subject to modifications in amplitude, phase and polarization. In particular, phase changes due to refraction lead to propagation errors of up to 50 m for single-frequency GPS users. If both the L1 and the L2 frequencies transmitted by the GPS satellites are measured, first-order range error contributions of the ionosphere can be determined and removed by difference methods. The ionospheric contribution is proportional to the total electron content (TEC) along the ray path between satellite and receiver. Using about ten European GPS receiving stations of the International GPS Service for Geodynamics (IGS), the TEC over Europe is estimated within the geographic ranges -20°≤ λ ≤40°E and 32.5°≤ Φ ≤70°N in longitude and latitude, respectively. The derived TEC maps over Europe contribute to the study of horizontal coupling and transport proces- ses during significant ionospheric events. Due to their comprehensive information about the high-latitude ionosphere, EISCAT observations may help to study the influence of ionospheric phenomena upon propagation errors in GPS navigation systems. Since there are still some accuracy limiting problems to be solved in TEC determination using GPS, data comparison of TEC with vertical electron density profiles derived from EISCAT observations is valuable to enhance the accuracy of propagation-error estimations. This is evident both for absolute TEC calibration as well as for the conversion of ray-path-related observations to vertical TEC. The combination of EISCAT data and GPS-derived TEC data enables a better understanding of large-scale ionospheric processes.
    Print ISSN: 0992-7689
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0576
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    Test of GPS for permanent ionospheric TEC monitoring at high latitudes (1996)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-31
    Description: The Global Positioning System (GPS) observables are affected by the ionosphere. The dispersive nature of this effect and the use of two frequencies in the GPS observations make possible to measure the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) from dual frequency GPS data. In this work we test the concept of permanent monitoring of TEC using a network of GPS receivers at high latitudes. We have used GPS data from five permanent receivers in Scandinavia, from 1-30 January 1994, with geographic latitudes ranging from 57.4°N to 78.9°N. The results show the capability of the method to monitor the evolution of TEC as a function of time and geographical location. We have detected night-time enhancements almost every night for some of the stations, and we have also been able to produce maps of the instantaneous TEC as a function of both latitude and longitude around the GPS network. We also present some of the current limitations in the use of GPS for estimating TEC at high latitudes such as the difficulties in solving for cycle-slips, and the necessity of reliable values for the receiver and satellite differential instrumental biases.
    Print ISSN: 0992-7689
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0576
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Preliminary evaluation of the Russian GLONASS system as a potential geodetic tool (1998)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-26
    Print ISSN: 0949-7714
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1394
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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