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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plankton community dynamics of the central Great Barrier Reef Lagoon: Analysis of data from Ikeda et al. (1984)
    Springer
    Marine biology 82 (1984), S. 167-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plankton data collected by Ikeda et al. (1980) from the central region of the Great Barrier Reef, and spanning two years (1976 through 1978) of zooplankton records, have been analyzed extensively for spatial and temporal patterns. Estimates of net zooplankton (including chaetognaths, copepods, and larvaceans) and microzooplankton (juvenile copepods, encompassing nauplii and copepodites, and ciliates) were assessed at three stations across the 60 km lagoon. Temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a were also measured. A cross-lagoonal gradient was identified in the plankton, concurring with results of related surveys of benthic taxa, such as scleractinian corals, soft corals, macro-algae, fish, sponges, crinoids, etc. Two associations of net zooplankton were identified. The first was associated primarily with the inner lagoon; the second with the outer lagoon. The inshore association was characterized by higher abundances of almost all net zooplankton taxa, particularly chaetognaths, copepods, polychaetes, decapods, and meroplanktonic larvae as well as higher concentrations of chlorophyll a. This inshore association wove back and forth across the lagoon through time, dominating the lagoon entirely during periods of high river discharge, reaching the mid-shelf platform reefs in this region, and sometimes being entirely absent during dry periods. Both seasonal and annual peaks in plankton abundance were generally linked with degree of runoff. Summer/autumn peaks of abundance were evident in chaetognaths, copepods, and larvaceans while annual variation was detected in the former two as well as in chlorophyll a concentrations. Depth stratification was noted in juvenile copepods and chlorophyll a concentrations at the center of the lagoon, with higher abundances recorded in deeper waters. The central Great Barrier Reef lagoon was found to be typical of other tropical coastal waters where plankton community dynamics are controlled primarily by physical factors. We suggest that any substantial changes in river discharge in this area will affect plankton production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394100
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive strategies of soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia): Allelopathic effects on selected scleractinian corals (1983)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 1 (1983), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Summary A striking retardation of grwoth was observed in the scleractinian coralPavona cactus (Coelenterata: Scleractinia) growing in the vicinity of the soft coralSinularia flexibilis (Coelenterata: Alcyonacea). More extensive field observations of naturally occurring interactions between soft corals and scleractinian corals suggested that members of the former group can be the more effective competitors for space on hard substrate. To test this hypothesis, colonies of three soft corals,Lobophytum pauciflorum, Sinularia pavida, andXenia sp. aff.danae, were relocated next to stands of two hard corals,Pavona cactus andPorites andrewsi (=Porites cylindrica), and compared with undisturbed control areas. In areas where soft corals and scleractinian corals were in direct contact, significantly high levels of local mortality in the latter occurred in three of the six interaction pairs. One soft coral,L. pauciflorum, also caused extensive and significant mortality inPorites andrewsi in a non-contact situation. The scleractinian corals had no effect on the soft corals considered here. These results indicate that soft corals can effectively compete for space against hard corals. Furthermore, it is inferred that toxic exudates from the soft coral might be responsible for causing localized mortality in hard corals, since extensive mortality occurred in certain cases in the absence of contact. Competitive abilities of soft corals in interactions with hard corals varied in a species-specific manner. Susceptibility of hard corals to competitive mechanisms utilized by soft corals, particularly allelopathic ones, likewise varied species-specifically. It is commonly believed that the adaptive value of toxic compounds in soft corals stems from their effectiveness as a chemical defence mechanism in predator-prey interactions. This study has demonstrated their further role as allelopathic agents in interspecific competitive interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571194
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioerosion in Acropora across the continental shelf of the Great Barrier Reef (1995)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 14 (1995), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The degree of internal bioerosion was examined in the dead basal portions of live branches of the scleractinian coral Acropora formosa collected from six reefs across the continental shelf in the central region of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The bioeroders included the sponges Cliona spp. and Cliothosa spp., the boring bivalve Lithophaga sp., and sipunculid and polychaete worms. Total internal bioerosion exhibited higher means and variances inshore and at the mid-shelf than the outer shelf specimens, which were characterized by low means and low variances. Bioerosion by Cliothosa and all sponges combined declined slightly across the shelf. Bivalves accounted for a small proportion of the internal bioerosion in A. formosa. The bioerosion pattern exhibited by worms (polychaetes and sipunculids) was similar in pattern to that of the sponges. All groups exhibited lowest levels of bioerosion at the outer shelf. Highest variance in the data was observed at the intra-branch/intra-colony and the intercolony levels. Inter-site variance was high in worms and vivalves. Boring sponges generally dominated the bioeroder community. The relative abundance of Cliona declined on the outer shelf while the relative abundance of worms increased. Percent bioerosion in Acropora formosa was 2–3 times higher than in Porites lobata in this region. The low level of bioerosion at the outer shelf versus the inner- and mid-shelf areas may be partially due to lower levels of productivity and lower concentrations of terrestrially derived organic matter. Other potential factors may include higher fish grazing/predation activity on the outer shelf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303427
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioerosion in Acropora across the continental shelf of the Great Barrier Reef (1995)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 14 (1995), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract.  The degree of internal bioerosion was examined in the dead basal portions of live branches of the scleractinian coral Acropora formosa collected from six reefs across the continental shelf in the central region of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The bioeroders included the sponges Cliona spp. and Cliothosa spp., the boring bivalve L  ithophaga sp., and sipunculid and polychaete worms. Total internal bioerosion exhibited higher means and variances inshore and at the mid-shelf than the outer shelf specimens, which were characterized by low means and low variances. Bioerosion by Cliothosa and all sponges combined  declined  slightly  across  the  shelf.  Bivalves accounted for a small proportion of the internal bioerosion in A. formosa. The bioerosion pattern exhibited by worms (polychaetes and sipunculids) was similar in pattern to that of the sponges. All groups exhibited lowest levels of bioerosion at the outer shelf. Highest variance in the data was observed at the intra-branch/intra-colony and the inter-colony levels. Inter-site variance was high in worms and bivalves. Boring sponges generally dominated the bio-eroder community. The relative abundance of Cliona declined on the outer shelf while the relative abundance of worms increased. Percent bioerosion in Acropora formosa was 2 – 3 times higher than in Porites lobata in this region. The low level of bioerosion at the outer shelf versus the inner- and mid-shelf areas may be partially due to lower levels of productivity and lower concentrations of terrestrially derived organic matter. Other potential factors may include higher fish grazing/predation activity on the outer shelf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303427
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive strategies of soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the Great Barrier Reef (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 74 (1987), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Toxicity ; Morphology ; Defense strategy ; Octocorallia ; Soft corals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The relationship between ichthyotoxicity and predation-related defensive functional morphology was examined in alcyonacean soft corals of the central and northern regions of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. Approximately 170 specimens were assessed encompassing a number of genera within three families: 1) the Alcyoniidae (Lobophytum, Sarcophytum, Sinularia, Cladiella, Parerythropodium, and Alcyonium); 2) Neptheidae (Lemnalia, Paralemnalia, Capnella, Lithophyton, Nephthea, Dendronephthya, Scleronephthya, and Stereonephthya), and 3) Xeniidae (Anthelia, Efflatounaria, Cespitularia, Heteroxenia, and Xenia). Ichthyotoxicity data were derived from earlier studies which used Gambusia affinis Baird and Girard (Vertebrata, Pisces) as a test organism. These data were compared to morphological data collected from specimens in the field and laboratory. Three sets of statistical analyses were performed, each considering a progressively narrower group of taxa. The first included 68 specimens and considered 16 morphological characters in each, falling into the general categories of gross colony form, colony texture, presence of mucus, colony color, polyp retractility, and sclerite morphology and distribution. These were tested for independence against ichthyotoxicity data. The second set of analyses involved a more restricted morphological data set derived from 28 species of Sinularia in combination with 28 species within the Nephtheidae, comparing them to their respective toxicity ranks. The third analysis considered the previous two taxonomic groups separately in relation to their toxicity levels. The attempt to consider many morphological characters in a taxonomically diverse collection did not reveal any general association in the Alcyonacea between defensive morphology and toxicity, and those associations which did emerge were clearly erroneous. The second analysis, considering only Sinularia spp. and nephtheids, demonstrated a negative association between ichthyotoxicity and the morphological characters of a) polypary armament, b) microarmament of the individual polyp, and c) strong mineralization of the coenenchyme. The third analysis revealed that the negative association found between toxicity and the first two characters was derived entirely from the nephtheids while the association detected between toxicity and the third character was restricted to Sinularia. It is concluded that a relationship between toxicity and morphology can be demonstrated, but it is heavily dependent upon which specific morphological characters are being considered and at what level of taxonomic resolution the analysis is being performed. An approach utilizing many characters over many taxa is unlikely to yield significant, reliable, or meaningful results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377351
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    δ15 N and δ13 C of coral tissue show significant inter-reef variation (2000)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 19 (2000), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Keywords: Key words Corals ; Isotopes ; Nitrogen ; Carbon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380000092
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of diterpenes derived from the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis on the eggs, sperm and embryos of the scleractinian corals Montipora digitata and Acropora tenuis (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 122 (1995), S. 317-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sinularia flexibilis Quoy and Gaimard, 1833 is a dominant soft coral on many Indo-Pacific coral reefs, and has been found to release toxic compounds (diterpenes), which cause tissue necrosis and death in nearby scleractinian corals. This study investigates how S. flexibilis-derived diterpenes inhibit the development of Acropora tenuis Dana, 1846 and Montipora digitata Dana, 1846 eggs and larvae in vitro. Collection and experimental sites at Magnetic (146°49'E; 19°8'S) and Orpheus (146°28'E; 18°32'S) Islands, Queensland, Australia, were utilized during the spawning seasons of 1989–1992. Freshly spawned coral eggs were placed in solutions of three different terpenes, flexibilide, dihydroflexibilide and sinulariolide, at 5 and 10 ppm, before, during, and after fertilisation. The majority of eggs which were fertilised in the presence of the diterpenes lost their cellular integrity and burst just a few hours after treatment. Terpenes were not toxic to unfertilised eggs, nor to 24 h-old embryos, although sperm ceased swimming activity after 1 h of treatment. The terpenes were not fatal to the sperm because fertilisation still occurred in their presence. The ability of the soft coral-derived diterpenes to inhibit cell division suggests that they may have potential applications in cancer chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348945
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rates of nitrogen fixation on coral reefs across the continental shelf of the central Great Barrier Reef (1984)
    Springer
    Marine biology 80 (1984), S. 255-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study was undertaken in 1981 to determine whether there were major variations in potential rates of nitrogen fixation on apparently bare coralline substrate from reefs across the continental shelf of the central Great Barrier Reef. Nitrogen fixation, measured as rates of ethylene production (nmol cm-2h-1), was significantly lower on substrata from two inner-shelf reefs, (0.46 and 1.07) than on two middle-shelf reefs (2.10 and 2.97) and on two outer-shelf reefs (3.20 and 3.81). By contrast, algal biomass (mg cm-2) on experimental substrate was significantly higher on inner-shelf reefs (80.8 and 59.4) than on middleshelf (27.1 and 23.8) and outer-shelf reefs (26.4 and 22.4). The rate of nitrogen fixation was positively correlated with the proportion of “bare” substratum and significantly higher concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen were found in waters over the reefs than in water flowing onto those reefs. The abundance of algal-grazing fishes was reported previously to be significantly lower on inner-shelf reefs. It is suggested that this cross-shelf variation in the activity of algal-grazing fishes may be a determinant of the observed cross-shelf variations in potential nitrogen fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392820
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  • 9
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    A statistical approach to assessing relief on mesophotic banks: Bank comparisons and geographic patterns (2016)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: Substrate relief is a common characteristic of hard-bottom offshore banks and is associated with benthic biodiversity. Earlier studies revealed varying relief associated with offshore mesophotic communities. Correlations may exist between relief and benthic biodiversity, which in turn may be useful in determining drill sites. Such drill site determination requires obtaining an estimate of variability in relief on these banks and its associated geographic patterns. We performed fine-scale surveys of relief on 14 banks in the Gulf of Mexico to examine variation between them, geographic patterns, and possible processes influencing them: 28 Fathom, 29 Fathom, Alderdice, Bouma, Bright, Elvers, Geyer, Horseshoe, McGrail, Parker, Rankin, Rezak, Sidner, and Sonnier Banks. We used a multibeam sensor on a remotely operated vehicle, with resolution of approximately 0.5 m (2 ft). Average and standard deviation of relief were calculated at the transect, drop site, and bank levels of resolution. Sidner and McGrail Banks had the highest relief, and 29 Fathom and Sonnier had the lowest. Sidner Bank had relief averaging up to 11 m (36 ft) in height, whereas 29 Fathom Bank exhibited the lowest relief (range 1 to 2 m [3 to 7 ft]). Bright Bank and all others exhibited intermediate and variable relief at both the transect and drop site levels. Relief is not predictable on many banks because of high variability between drop sites. Some low-relief banks are predictable in their relief, lending themselves to predictions of benthic diversity and suitable drill sites. Relief decreased significantly as one moved northward in the study region. Relief exhibited a significant sinusoidal pattern from west to east. Banks with low relief occurred off Lake Calcasieu and Lafayette, Louisiana.
    Print ISSN: 1075-9565
    Electronic ISSN: 1526-0984
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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  • 10
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    Coral communities on artificial reefs in the Gulf of Mexico: standing vs. toppled oil platforms (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-22
    Description: Sammarco, P. W., Lirette, A., Tung, Y. F., Boland, G. S., Genazzio, M., and Sinclair, J. 2014. Coral communities on artificial reefs in the Gulf of Mexico: standing vs. toppled oil platforms. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 417–426. Thousands of oil platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico have provided hard substrate for settlement of Caribbean corals and have facilitated their range expansion. The US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management now allows platforms to be purposely toppled to the bottom and used as artificial reefs to promote fisheries development. We compared the coral communities on standing offshore oil/gas production platforms with those on "Rigs-to-Reef" structures through Remotely Operated Vehicle reconnaissance (max. depth ~110 m) to assess comparative population sizes of several coral species. Corals found were the zooxanthellate Madracis decactis and azooxanthellate Tubastraea coccinea , Oculina diffusa , and Phyllangia americana . There was no significant difference in total coral density between standing and toppled platforms, due to varying species-specific abundances. Madracis decactis and T. coccinea densities were significantly higher on toppled structures than on standing ones, P. americana was more abundant on standing platforms, and O. diffusa densities were not significantly different between the two sets of platforms. Corals were distributed more deeply on standing platforms than on toppled ones (particularly O. diffusa and P. americana ). Madracis decactis (requiring light) and T. coccinea were concentrated at shallower depths (≤50 m). Rigs-to-Reefs structures serve as substrate for coral settlement. The probability of continued coral growth in these early stages of succession varies between species, when considering standing vs. toppled structures. We did not see overall evidence that toppling enhanced hermatypic coral populations, increased coral abundances in general, or created 3D reef-like fish habitat.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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