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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Glossina ; Tsetse ; Feeding ; behaviour ; Sound production ; Sound frequency ; Sound intensity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude a porté sur les sons produits pendant les comportements préalimentaire, alimentaire et postalimentaire de la mouche Tsétsé, Glossina morsitans morsitans. Les mâles et les femelles vierges chantent très rarement avant l'alimentation, mais les femelles fécondées chantent dans plus de 20% des cas avant de prendre un repas. La production de sons pendant la prise de nourriture était négligeable pour les trois catégories. Les sons postalimentaires étaient plus fréquents, les femelles fécondées chantant plus que les femelles vierges et l'ensemble des femelles plus que les mâles. La durée des sons postalimentaires ne différait pas suivant les sexes. Dans chaque catégorie, les sons postalimentaires ne changaient pas significativement avec l'âge. Il y a eu, cependant, des différences significatives dans les caractéristiques de la production de son postalimentaire lorsque les mâles étaient comparés aux femelles pendant une période de 8 semaines. Les oscillogrammes de ces sons différaient suivant le sexe et variaient de temps en temps. Les sons comportaient des fréquences jusqu' à 50 kHz, à l'exception des sons préalimentaires des mâles qui ne contenaient pas d'ultrasons. Les fréquences les plus dominantes étaient concentrées entre 1,5–2,5 kHz. Des pics étaient observés entre 0,5–0,8 kHz et autour de 5 kHz et 9 kHz. Les sons préalimentaires étaient plus faibles que les sons postalimentaires. On en suggère que les sons associés au comportement alimentaire jouent un rôle en attirant les mouches affamées vers un hôte convenable et que la plus grande partie de l'information acoustique est portée par les composantes à basse fréquence qui ont une intensité plus élevée (30–40 dB) que les fréquences ultrasoniques (10 dB).
    Notes: Summary Sounds produced during prefeeding, feeding and postfeeding behaviour of the tsetse, Glossina m. morsitans Westw. were investigated. Males and virgin ♀ ♀ very seldom sang before feeding but mated ♀ ♀ sang in more than 20% of the cases before taking a meal. Sound production during engorgement was negligible among all 3 groups. Postfeeding sounds were the most commonly produced, mated ♀ ♀ singing significantly more than virgin ♀ ♀ and both these groups more than ♂ ♂. The mean duration of the postfeeding sounds did not differ between the sexes. Within each group, postfeeding sound production did not significantly change with age. There were, however, significant differences in the patterns of postfeeding sound production when ♂ ♂ were compared to ♀ ♀ over a period of 8 weeks. Oscillograms of these sounds indicated that the songs differed between the sexes and also varied from time to time. The sounds were composed of frequencies up to 50 kHz with the exception of the ♂ prefeeding sounds which did not contain any ultrasonic components. The most dominant frequency was centered between 1.5–2.5 kHz. Peaks were also observed between 0.5–0.8 kHz and around 5 kHz and 9 kHz. Prefeeding songs were of a weaker intensity than postfeeding songs. It is suggested that the sounds associated with feeding behaviour play a role in attracting hungry flies to suitable hosts and that, the low frequency components having higher intensities (30–40 dB) than the ultrasonic frequencies (10 dB) carry the most important part of the acoustic information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 155-161 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Glossina morsitans morsitans ; tsetse ; sex pheromone ; morsilure ; chemoreception ; olfaction ; electrophysiology ; behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La perception de la phéromone sexuelle des femelles de Glossina m.morsitans, la morsilure (15, 19, 23-triméthylheptatriacontane) a été examinée par électrophysiologie et par le comportement. L'électrophysiologie n'a pas révélé de sensibilité des sensilles tibiales, ni des poils chimioréceptives de contact sur les pattes des mâles à la phéromone. Cependant, les électroantennogrammes recueillis pendant la stimulation des antennes des mâles par l'odeur de morsilure, ont montré que la phéromone est décelée par l'insecte grâce aux récepteurs olfactifs des antennes. Ceci a été confirmé ultérieurement par des expériences de comportement au cours desquelles ont été examinés les mouvements antennaires de mâles intacts stimulés par l'odeur de phéromone synthétique et de femelles. La réponse comportementale à la morsilure a augmenté avec le jeûne, elle n'était pas due à une sensibilité générale aux paraffines. Ces études montrent que les mouches tsé-tsé peuvent être capables de reconnaître leurs congénères à faible distance grâce à l'olfaction.
    Notes: Abstract The perception of cuticular female sex pheromone (15, 19, 23-trimethylheptatriacontane=‘morsilure’) in Glossina m. morsitans was studied electrophysiologically and behaviourally. Electrophysiological studies indicated no sensitivity of the ‘tibial sensilla’ or the contact chemoreceptive hairs on the legs of males to the pheromone. However, electroantennograms were recorded during stimulation of antennae from male flies with the odour of morsilure, which indicated that the pheromone is detected by the insect via olfactory receptors on the antennae. This was further confirmed by behavioural experiments in which the antennal movements of intact males stimulated with the odour of both synthetic pheromone and female decoys were studied. Behavioural responsiveness to morsilure increased with increasing starvation and was not due to a general sensitivity to paraffins. These studies indicate that tsetse flies may be able to recognize conspecifics at close range using their sense of olfaction.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Glossina morsitans morsitans ; Glossina morsitans centralis ; tsetse flies ; Diptera ; Glossinidae ; larviposition ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The presence of pheromones produced by larvae ofGlossina morsitans morsitans andG. m. centralis, respectively, which attract gravid females and result in aggregation of pupae, is confirmed. Behavioral experiments indicated that females preferred to larviposit over moist sand conditioned by previously allowing larvae to pupariate in it. Similar results were obtained with filter papers contaminated with the prepupariation excretions of larvae and with volatiles collected from larvae prior to pupariation.n-Pentadecane andn-dodecane were identified as the dominant electrophysiologically active components of the larviposition pheromones ofG. m. morsitans andG. m. centralis, respectively, by GC-EAD and GC-MS analysis of the trapped larval volatiles. Both identified compounds were shown to significantly attract gravid females to larviposition sites in laboratory behavioral assays.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Schistocerca gregaria ; desert locust ; solitaria ; gregaria ; oviposition preferences ; semiochemicals ; gregarisation ; Heliotropium spp. ; millet ; Zygophyllum simplex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Field surveys at five sites within desert locust breeding habitats around Port Sudan during three successive seasons indicated that early in the rainy season the incoming solitary females oviposited predominantly in the vicinity of Heliotropium spp. (∼66%) and millet (∼32%) seedlings. Solitary nymphs also preferred to feed on these plants. Follow-up cage experiments were conducted in the field in which solitary and gregarious female locusts were presented with choices of selected desert plants and egg pods. When presented with bulrush millet, Heliotropium spp., Zygophyllum simplex, and untreated moistened sand, solitary females oviposited adjacent to the first two plants (40% and 60%, respectively). However, when offered a choice of either or both of these plants together with egg pods derived from gregarious and/or solitary insects, solitary females showed a significantly higher preference for ovipositing near gregaria egg pods than near the plants, with solitaria egg pods eliciting the least response. In contrast with solitary females and in the absence of gregaria egg pods, gregarious females preferred to oviposit in untreated moist (control) sand (74–77%) away from the plants (6–14%) or solitaria egg pods (∼4%). However, when present, gregaria egg pods elicited significantly more oviposition. These and previous results indicate a hierarchy of phase-dependent oviposition preferences in the desert locust and are interpreted in terms of a strong propensity of the species to exploit opportunities under appropriate conditions to facilitate congregation and the gregarization of the progeny.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Glossina morsitans morsitans ; Glossina morsitans centralis ; tsetse flies ; Diptera ; Glossinidae ; semiochemicals ; larviposition ; breeding sites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae:Glossina) mature their offspring in utero, giving birth to mature larvae that burrow into soil and pupariate. During the hot dry seasons, puparia of some species of tsetse are aggregated in areas of deep shade in dense thickets. We have confirmed the presence of a semiochemical from the prepupariation excretions of larvae ofGlossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and report a similar semiochemical inGlossina morsitans centralis Machado. These semiochemicals are attractive to gravid females and result in the aggregation of puparia. Behavioral studies withG. m. centralis showed that a higher percentage of females larviposited over moist sand conditioned by the anal exudate of larvae. Electroantennogram analyses of extracts of sand conditioned byG. m. centralis andG. m. morsitans confirmed the presence of olfactory receptors on the antennae for the semiochemicals. Both subspecies responded to extracts of the semiochemicals of the other, withG. m. morsitans more responsive to lower concentrations of extract ofG. m. centralis than the converse.
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  • 6
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-11-07
    Print ISSN: 0255-660X
    Electronic ISSN: 0974-3006
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-02-28
    Print ISSN: 0003-021X
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-9331
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: Progress of fluorination of single-wall carbon nanotubes is being reported. Covalent attachment of alkyl groups including methyl, n-butyl and n-hexyl groups to the sidewalls of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been achieved. Quantitative measurement of the alkylation was done by thermal gravimetric analysis. FTIR, Raman and UV-Vis-NIR were used to characterize these alkylated SWNTs. Application of these nanotubes are being investigated-fibers, composites, batteries, lubricants, etc.
    Keywords: Nonmetallic Materials
    Type: Proceedings of the Sixth Applied Diamond Conference/Second Frontier Carbon Technology Joint Conference (ADC/FCT 2001); 687-693; NASA/CP-2001-210948
    Format: text
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