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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Es wurde die DNS- und RNS-Biosynthese von Neurospora crassa Wildstamm 3a6A unter Einfluss unterschiedlicher Konzentrationen von 2,4-D, Amitrol, Atrazin, Chlorpropham und Chlorflurenol untersucht. Die Variation der Herbizide erfolgte von 10−3 bis 10−6 M. Der in beliifteten Kulturen gezüchtete Pilz ist gegenuber Chlorpropham am empfindlichsten. Bei 10−3 M ist die Toxizitätsgrenze überschritten und das Wachstum vollständig gehemmt. 2,4-D hat in einer Konzentration von 10−3 M den grössten Einfluss auf die Nucleinsäure-Biosynthese. Die DNS-Werte erhöhen sich gegenüber der Kontrolle aiif 140%. Unter Einfluss von Atrazin (10−3 M) scheint besonders die Protein-Synthese stimuliert zu werden. Die Zunahme beträgt hier fast 140%. Allgemein haben die untersuchten 5 Herbizide einen relativ geringen Einfluss auf die Nucleinsäure-Biosynthese. Ein grösserer Effect ist nur bei der höchsten Herbizid-Konzentration von 10−3 M ZU erkennen. Der Pilz ist gegenüber diesen Herbiziden wenig empfindlich. Effets des herbicides 2,4-D, aminotriazole, atrazine, chlorprophame et chlorflurénol sur la biosynthése de l'acide nucléique chez un ascomycéte; Neurospora crassaRésumé. La biosynthése de l'ADN et de l'ARN fut déterminée chez la race sauvage 3a6A de Neurospara crassa, cultivé sur des milieux contenant du 2, 4-D, de l'aminotriazole, de l'atrazine, du chlorprophame et du chlorflurenol à des concentrations de 10−3 a 10−6 M. En culture aéréc, JV. crassa fut plus sensible au chlorprophame et à 10−3 M. sa croissance fut complétement inhibée. L'effet le ptus marqué sur la biosynthésc de I'acide nucléique fut observé avec lc 2,4-D à 10−3 M. concentration qui porta la teneur en ADN à 140% de celle du téemoin. Avec l'atrazine à 10−3 M. la synthése des proteines en particulier sembla stimulée jusqu’à atteindre environ 140% du témoin. En général, les cinq herbicides etudids n'eurent qu'un effet relativement faibie sur la biosynthése de l'acide nucléique; seule la concentration la plus forte, 10−3 M. cut un effet appreciable. N. crassa ne se montra pas tres sensible à ces herbicides. Effects of the herbicides 2,4-D, aminotriazole, atrazine, chlorpropham and chlorflurenol on nucleic-acid biosynthesis in the ascomycete Neurospora crassaSummary. Biosynthesis of DNA and RNA was determined in Neurospora crassa wild race 3a6A grown in cultures containing 2,4-D, aminotriazole, atrazine, chlorpropham and chlorflurenol in concentrations of 10−3-10−6 M. In aerated culture, N. crassa was most sensitive to chlorpropham and at 10−3 M growth was completely inhibited. The greatest effect on nucleic-acid biosynthesis was given by 2,4-D at 10−3 M which increased the DNA value to 140% of the control. With atrazine at 10−3 M. protein synthesis in particular appeared to be stimulated, to almost 140% of the control. In general, the five herbicides studied had a relatively slight effect on nucleic-acid biosynthesis; only with the highest concentration of 10−3 M was the effect appreciable. N. crassa was not very susceptible to these herbicides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 289 (1981), S. 362-366 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Mediaeval Norse writings that describe the merman are considered accurate observations of a natural phenomenon. Images of common sea mammals, severely distorted by strong, non-uniform atmospheric refraction, fit the mediaeval descriptions remarkably well. Three examples are presented: ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1988), S. 572-579 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Sulphur reductase ; Sulphur respiration ; Electron transport ; Reconstitution ; Wolinella succinogenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Wolinella succinogenes can grow at the expense of sulphur reduction by formate. The enzymes involved in the catalysis of this catabolic reaction have been investigated. From the results the following conclusions are drawn: 1. The enzyme isolated as a sulphide dehydrogenase from the cytoplasmic membrane of W. succinogenes is the functional sulphur reductase that operates in the electron transport from formate to sulphur. 2. The enzyme (Mr 200,000) consists essentially of one type of subunit with the Mr 85,000 and contains equal amounts of free iron and sulphide (120 μmol/g protein), but no heme. It represents the first functional sulphur reductase ever isolated. 3. The electron transport chain catalyzing sulphur reduction by formate consists merely of formate dehydrogenase and sulphur reductase. A lipophilic quinone which mediates the transfer of electrons between enzymes in other chains, is apparently not involved. This is the first known example of a phosphorylative electron transport chain that operates without a quinone. 4. The same formate dehydrogenase appears to operate in the electron transport both with sulphur and with fumarate as the terminal electron acceptor in W. succinogenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 9 (1969), S. 180-192 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Aminosäuren der peptischen und peptisch-tryptischen Hydrolysate von 22 ausgewählten Nahrungs- und Futterstoffen dienten als Grundlage zur Bewertung der Eiweißqualität. Hierzu wurde auf das Grundprinzip des Verfahrens vonMitchell undBlock zurückgegriffen. Der Vergleich der errechneten chemical score-Werte erfolgte mit den an wachsenden Ratten ermittelten BW. Als Referenz-AS dienten die vonBender angegebenen, an wachsenden Ratten ermittelten AS-Bedarfszahlen. Die engsten Korrelationen mit der BW wurden erhalten, wenn 1. die nach peptisch-tryptischer Hydrolyse „verfügbaren“ AS berücksichtigt wurden, 2. die limitierenden, „verfügbaren“ AS als Grundlage für die Errechnung des „vereinfachten chemical score“ dienten und 3. wenn der Bezug auf die AS-Bedarfszahlen erfolgte. Dieser „vereinfachte chemical score“ geht aus dem errechneten „,Bedarf-AS-Verhältnis“ (BAV) hervor. Durch Berücksichtigung der limitierenden AS nach Totalhydrolyse wird bei Bezug auf die AS-Bedarfszahlen etwa die Hälfte der untersuchten Nahrungsstoffe zutreffend bewertet. Die Verfügbarkeit der AS darf jedoch in diesen Stoffen nicht beeinträchtigt sein. Der „vereinfachte chemical score“ errechnet sich aus den limitierenden AS Methionin, Cystin und Lysin. Den S-haltigen AS kommt die größte Bedeutung zu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 18 (1986), S. 225-234 
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Wolinella succinogens ; electron transport ; hydrogenase ; format dehydrogenase ; menaquinone ; fumarate reductase ; anaerobic respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Electron transport-coupled phosphorylation with fumarate as terminal acceptor inWolinella succinogenes yields less than 1 ATP/2 electrons. The $$\Delta \tilde \mu _{\text{H}} $$ generated by the electron transport is 0.18V and the H+/electron ratio is 1. The electron transport chain is made up of two dehydrogenases (hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase) that catalyze the reduction of menaquinone, and fumarate reductase which catalyzes the oxidation of menaquinol.C-type cytochromes are not involved. The phosphorylative electron transport with sulfur as terminal acceptor inW. succinogenes orDesulfuromonas acetoxidans does not involve known quinones. The ATP yields should be even smaller than those with fumarate. Succinate oxidation by sulfur, which is a catabolic reaction inD. acetoxidans, is accomplished by reversed electron transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1972-08-21
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-04-19
    Description: The weathering of meteorites found on Mars involves chemical and physical processes that can provide clues to climate conditions at the location of their discovery. Beginning on sol 1961, the Opportunity rover encountered three large iron meteorites within a few hundred meters of each other. In order of discovery, these rocks have been assigned the unofficial names Block Island, Shelter Island, and Mackinac Island. Each rock presents a unique but complimentary set of features that increase our understanding of weathering processes at Meridiani Planum. Significant morphologic characteristics interpretable as weathering features include (1) a large pit in Block Island, lined with delicate iron protrusions suggestive of inclusion removal by corrosive interaction; (2) differentially eroded kamacite and taenite lamellae in Block Island and Shelter Island, providing relative timing through crosscutting relationships with deposition of (3) an iron oxide–rich dark coating; (4) regmaglypted surfaces testifying to regions of minimal surface modification, with other regions in the same meteorites exhibiting (5) large-scale, cavernous weathering (in Shelter Island and Mackinac Island). We conclude that the current size of the rocks is approximate to their original postfall contours. Their morphology thus likely results from a combination of atmospheric interaction and postfall weathering effects. Among our specific findings is evidence supporting (1) at least one possible episode of aqueous acidic exposure for Block Island; (2) ripple migration over portions of the meteorites; (3) a minimum of two separate episodes of wind abrasion; alternating with (4) at least one episode of coating-forming chemical alteration, most likely at subzero temperatures.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-09-20
    Description: The European Space Agency spacecraft Rosetta accompanied the Jupiter-family comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for over 2 yr along its trajectory through the inner solar system. Between 2014 and 2016, it performed almost continuous in situ measurements of the comet’s gaseous atmosphere in close proximity to its nucleus. In this study, the 16O/18O ratio of H2O in the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, as measured by the ROSINA DFMS mass spectrometer onboard Rosetta, was determined from the ratio of H216O/H218O and 16OH/18OH. The value of 445 ± 35 represents an ~11% enrichment of 18O compared with the terrestrial ratio of 498.7 ± 0.1. This cometary value is consistent with the comet containing primordial water, in accordance with leading self-shielding models. These models predict primordial water to be between 5 and 20% enriched in heavier oxygen isotopes compared to terrestrial water.
    Print ISSN: 0004-6361
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0746
    Topics: Physics
    Published by EDP Sciences
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1969-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0044-264X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1293
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1978-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
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