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  • 1
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    A new mechanism of small-scale transition in a plane mixing layer: core dynamics of spanwise vortices (1995)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1995-09-10
    Description: We present a new mechanism of small-scale transition via core dynamics instability (CDI) in an incompressible plane mixing layer, a transition which is not reliant on the presence of longitudinal vortices (‘ ribs’) and which can originate much earlier than rib-induced transition. Both linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulation are used to describe CDI growth and subsequent transition in terms of vortex dynamics and vortex line topology. CDI is characterized by amplifying oscillations of core size non-uniformity and meridional flow within spanwise vortices (‘rolls’), produced by a coupling of roll swirl and meridional flow that is manifested by helical twisting and untwisting of roll vortex lines. We find that energetic CDI is excited by subharmonic oblique modes of shear layer instability after roll pairing, when adjacent rolls with out-of-phase undulations merge. Starting from moderate initial disturbance amplitudes, twisting of roll vortex lines generates within the paired roll opposing spanwise flows which even exceed the free-stream velocity. These flows collide to form a nearly irrotational bubble surrounded by a thin vorticity sheath of a large diameter, accompanied by folding and reconnection of roll vortex lines and local transition. We find that accelerated energy transfer to high wavenumbers precedes the development of roll internal intermittency this transfer, inferred from increased energy at high wavenumbers and an intensification of roll vorticity, occurs prior to the development of strong opposite-signed (to the mean) spanwise vorticity and granularity of the roll vorticity distribution. We demonstrate that these core dynamics are not reliant upon special symmetries and also occur in the presence of moderate-strength ribs, despite entrapment of ribs within pairing rolls. In fact, the roll vorticity dynamics are dominated by CDI if ribs are not sufficiently strong to first initiate transition thus CDI may govern small-scale transition for moderate initial 3D disturbances, typical of practical situations. Results suggest that CDI constitutes a new generic mechanism for transition to turbulence in shear flows. © 1995, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 2
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    Coherent structures near the wall in a turbulent channel flow (1997)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 1997-02-01
    Description: Coherent structures (CS) near the wall (i.e.y+ ≤ 60) in a numerically simulated turbulent channel flow are educed using a conditional sampling scheme which extracts the entire extent of dominant vortical structures. Such structures are detected from the instantaneous flow field using our newly developed vortex definition (Jeong & Hussain 1995) - a region of negativeλ2, the second largest eigenvalue of the tensorSikSkj+ ΩikΩkj- which accurately captures the structure details (unlike velocity-, vorticity- or pressure-based eduction). Extensive testing has shown thatλ2correctly captures vortical structures, even in the presence of the strong shear occurring near the wall of a boundary layer. We have shown that the dominant near-wall educed (i.e. ensemble averaged after proper alignment) CS are highly elongated quasi-streamwise vortices; the CS are inclined 9° in the vertical (x, y)-plane and tilted ±4° in the horizontal (x, z)-plane. The vortices of alternating sign overlap inxas a staggered array; there is no indication near the wall of hairpin vortices, not only in the educed data but also in instantaneous fields. Our model of the CS array reproduces nearly all experimentally observed events reported in the literature, such as VITA, Reynolds stress distribution, wall pressure variation, elongated low-speed streaks, spanwise shear, etc. In particular, a phase difference (in space) between streamwise and normal velocity fluctuations created by CS advection causes Q4 ('sweep’) events to dominate Q2 ('ejection’) and also creates counter-gradient Reynolds stresses (such as Ql and Q3 events) above and below the CS. We also show that these effects are adequately modelled by half of a Batchelor's dipole embedded in (and decoupled from) a background shearU(y). The CS tilting (in the (x, z)-plane) is found to be responsible for sustaining CS through redistribution of streamwise turbulent kinetic energy to normal and spanwise components via coherent pressure-strain effects.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 3
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    Coherent structure generation in near-wall turbulence (2002)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2002-02-25
    Description: We present a new mechanism for generation of near-wall streamwise vortices - which dominate turbulence phenomena in boundary layers - using linear perturbation analysis and direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow. The base flow, consisting of the mean velocity profile and low-speed streaks (free from any initial vortices), is shown to be linearly unstable to sinuous normal modes only for relatively strong streaks, i.e. for wall inclination angles of streak vortex lines exceeding 50°. Analysis of streaks extracted from fully developed near-wall turbulence indicates that about 20% of streak regions in the buffer layer exceed the strength threshold for instability. More importantly, these unstable streaks exhibit only moderate (twofold) normal-mode amplification, the growth being arrested by self-annihilation of streak-flank normal vorticity due to viscous cross-diffusion. We present here an alternative, streak transient growth (STG) mechanism, capable of producing much larger (tenfold) linear amplification of x-dependent disturbances. Note the distinction of STG-responsible for perturbation growth on a streak velocity distribution U(y,z) - from prior transient growth analyses of the (streakless) mean velocity U(y). We reveal that streamwise vortices are generated from the more numerous normal-mode-stable streaks, via a new STG-based scenario: (i) transient growth of perturbations leading to formation of a sheet of streamwise vorticity ωx (by a 'shearing' mechanism of vorticity generation), (ii) growth of sinuous streak waviness and hence ∂u/∂x as STG reaches nonlinear amplitude, and (iii) the ωx sheet's collapse via stretching by ∂u/∂x (rather than rollup) into streamwise vortices. Significantly, the three-dimensional features of the (instantaneous) streamwise vortices of x-alternating sign generated by STG agree well with the (ensemble-averaged) coherent structures educed from fully turbulent flow. The STG-induced formation of internal shear layers, along with quadrant Reynolds stresses and other turbulence measures, also agree well with fully developed turbulence. Results indicate the prominent - possibly dominant - role of this new, transient-growth-based vortex generation scenario, and suggest interesting possibilities for robust control of drag and heat transfer.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genesis of Longitudinal Vortices in Near-Wall Turbulence (1998)
    Springer
    Meccanica 33 (1998), S. 489-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Keywords: Wall turbulence ; Coherent structures ; Vortices ; Fluid mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow, we present new insight into the formation mechanism of near-wall longitudinal vortices. Instability of lifted, vortex-free low-speed streaks is shown to generate, upon nonlinear saturation, new streamwise vortices, which dominate near-wall turbulence production, drag, and heat transfer. The instability requires sufficiently strong streaks (the wall-normal circulation on either side of a streak exceeding 7.6) and is inviscid in nature, despite the proximity of the no-slip wall. Streamwise vortex formation (collapse) is dominated by stretching, rather than Kelvin–Helmholtz rollup, of instability-generated ωx sheets. In turn, direct stretching results from the positive ∂u/∂x (i.e. positive VISA) associated with streak waviness in the(x,z) plane, generated upon finite-amplitude evolution of the sinuous instability mode. Significantly, the three-dimensional features of the (instantaneous) instability-generated vortices agree well with the coherent structures educed ( i.e. ensemble averaged) from fully turbulent flow, suggesting the prevalence of this instability mechanism. These results suggest promising new drag reduction strategies, involving large-scale (hence more durable) control of near-wall flow and requiring no wall sensors or feedback logic. Sommario. Utilizzando una simulazione numerica diretta di flusso turbolento in un canale vengono presentate nuove prospettive sui meccanismi di formazione di vortici longitudinali vicino alla parete. Si dimostra come l‘instabilità delle bande a bassa velocità e senza vortici generi, fino alla saturazione non lineare, nuovi vortici paralleli al flusso, che dominano la produzione di vorticitá a parete, la resistenza e lo scambio termico. L‘instabilità richiede la presenza di bande sufficientemente forti ed ha natura non viscosa, nonostante la prossimità della parete. La formazione di vortici paralleli al flusso (collasso) è dominata dallo stiramento, piuttosto che da un avvolgimento di Kelvin–Helmholtz, dei ‘fogli’ di ω generati dall' instabilità.A sua volta, lo stiramento deriva da valori positivi di ∂u/∂x (cioèVISA positivi) associati con le onde a bande nel piano(x,z) generate dall' evoluzione in ampiezza finita dei modi di instabilità sinusoidali. E' significativo che le caratteristiche (istantanee) three-dimensional dei vortici generati dall' instabilità concordino bene con le strutture coerenti edotte (cioè ottenute da medie d‘insieme) dal flusso pienamente turbolento, il che suggerisce una prevalenza di questo meccanismo d'instabilità. Questi risultati suggeriscono nuove, promettenti strategie per la riduzione della resistenza, che utilizzino controlli di larga scala (quindi su tempi più lunghi) del flusso a parete e che non necessitino di sensori di parete o di logiche di ritorno.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004320610285
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