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1

Electronic Resource

Pathogenicity of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) populations on tobacco cultivars (2005)

Buschmann, H. ; Gonsior, G. ; Sauerborn, J.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3059

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Parasitic weed species of the genus Orobanche are a serious threat for the production of several crops in Europe, Africa and Asia. In contrast to other broomrape species of agronomic importance, O. ramosa (branched broomrape) has a broad host range and in Europe particularly affects hemp, tobacco, tomato and, in recent times, oilseed rape. Two separate sets of experiments investigated the effect of two populations of O. ramosa on nine tobacco cultivars grown in Europe and belonging to the three major tobacco types: Virgin (flue-cured), Burley (light air-cured) and dark air-cured under standardized glasshouse conditions. The two broomrape populations were discriminated by means of polymorphic DNA fragments obtained by PCR of the intersimple sequence repeat regions (ISSRs). The Orobanche populations exhibited different levels of pathogenicity but all various tobacco cultivars were susceptible. Dark air-cured tobacco cultivars were the least susceptible to both broomrape populations. Virgin and Burley tobacco cultivars were more susceptible to one population of O. ramosa.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01211.x

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Quantitative aspects of Orobanche crenata infestation in faba beans as affected by abiotic factors and parasite soil seedbank (2001)

Manschadi, A M ; Sauerborn, J ; Stützel, H

Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Weed research 41 (2001), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3180

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: The interactions between the root parasitic weed Orobanche crenata Forsk. and its host plant faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were quantified under controlled and field conditions at ICARDA’s Tel Hadya research station. In the field experiments conducted in 1993–94 and 1994–95 faba beans were sown on two dates, in plots with 0, 50, 200 and 600 O. crenata seeds kg–1 soil, under both limited and sufficient moisture supply. The effects of temperature on the duration of the early developmental stages of O. crenata were investigated in a growth chamber. The extent of O. crenata infestation was closely related to the number of parasite seeds in the soil. The seed-density treatment with 600 seeds kg–1 soil resulted in complete crop failure. Furthermore, O. crenata infestation was higher under sufficient than under limiting water supply conditions, irrespective of sowing date. Only in the moderately infested plots, did shifting of the planting time of faba bean result in a significant decrease in parasite dry weight and an increase in crop seed yield. The timing of germination, attachment and further developmental stages of O. crenata was not related to faba bean growth stage and was affected primarily by soil temperature. The duration of O. crenata developmental stages was estimated using the thermal time concept. The relationship between total number of parasite attachments at the harvest of the faba bean crop and O. crenata seed density was dependent on maximum faba bean root-length density measured by the start of pod-filling in each treatment combination of sowing date and moisture supply. The results are discussed with reference to implications for the development of a dynamic simulation model for the prediction of faba bean yield losses caused by O. crenata.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.2001.00240.x

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3

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Broomrape control in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with glyphosate and imazaquin (1989)

SAUERBORN, J. ; SAXENA, M. C. ; MEYER, A.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Weed research 29 (1989), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3180

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Field studies were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of imazaquin and glyphosate in controlling broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk. and O. aegyptiaca Pers.) in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Northern Syria. Several rates and times of application of the herbicides were tested. Nearly complete control of broomrape was achieved with both the herbicides when they were sprayed twice (when the broomrape attachments to the faba bean roots were at tubercle stage of develoment and 15 days later) at a rate of application of 80 g a.i. ha−1 for glyphosate and 10 g a.i. ha−1 for imazaquin.However, the yield of faba bean did not increase with these treatments, suggesting that the herbicides at these rates were still causing some physiological disorder in the plant that counteracted the beneficial effect of broomrape control on the performance of faba bean plants.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1989.tb00846.x

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4

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Untersuchungen zur Keimungsbiologie von sechs tropischen Segetalarten (1988)

SAUERBORN, J. ; KOCH, W.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Weed research 28 (1988), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3180

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Für die 6 untersuchten tropischen Segetalarten Ageratum conyzoides, Blechum brownei, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Mikania micrantha, Paspalum conjugatum und P. paniculatum lag die untere Temperaturgrenze bei der Keimung im Bereich von 10 bis 15(20)°C, die maximale bei ≤ 40°C, das Optimum zwischen 20 und 35°C. Ageratum conyzoides und C. crepidioides hatten etwas geringere Ansprüche an die Keimtemperatur als die übrigen Arten, was ihre vergleichsweise stärkere Verbreitung in Höhenlagen erklärt. Die Keim-temperaturen der beiden Vertreter aus den gemässigten Breiten, Alopecurus myosuroides und Chenopodium album, lagen bei 5 (Minimum), 15–25 (Optimum) bzw. 40°C (Maximum). Die Keimung von A. conyzoides, C. crepidioides und M. micrantha wurde bereits ab einem osmotischen Potential von - 1 bar negativ beeinflusst. Bei - 4,7 bar keimte von den 6 tropischen Arten nur noch P. paniculatum in geringem Umfang, während AL myosuroides und Ch. album bis -4,7 bar nicht beeinträchtigt wurden. Nach einjähriger trockener Lagerung keimten alle 6 tropischen Arten nur unter Lichteinfluss. Nach 20 Monaten keimten C. crepidioides und P. paniculatum auch in Dunkeln.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1988.tb00784.x

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5

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Host–parasite relations between cowpea and Alectra vogelii (2002)

Rambakudzibga, A M ; Manschadi, A M ; Sauerborn, J

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Weed research 42 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3180

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Although the angiospermous parasitic weed Alectra vogelii is a major biotic constraint to cowpea production in Africa, there is little information on the host:parasite association between them. Accordingly, the dry matter production and partitioning in a cowpea:A. vogelii association was studied over the growth cycle. Cowpea was grown in pots containing 1350, 2700 or 4000 A. vogelii seeds kg−1 top soil and with uninfected controls. Alectra vogelii attachment on to cowpea roots was first detected 30 d after crop emergence, and the first shoots emerged 44 d after crop emergence. New A. vogelii attachments on to cowpea roots continued to be produced throughout the growth of the crop. Alectra vogelii infection did not decrease cowpea dry matter production, but it significantly altered dry matter partitioning by increasing the proportion of root dry matter. Alectra vogelii infection significantly reduced dry matter accumulation in cowpea pods. The loss of dry matter in cowpea pods was largely accounted for by dry matter gain in A. vogelii shoots. The data are discussed in relation to how A. vogelii and other parasitic plants influence dry matter partitioning in their hosts.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00288.x

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6

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Effect of plant density on grain yield, root–length density and Orobanche crenata infestation in two faba bean genotypes (1997)

MANSCHADI, A. M. ; SAUERBORN, J. ; KROSCHEL, J. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Weed research 37 (1997), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3180

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: The effect of host plant cultivar and sowing density on Orobanche crenata Forsk. L. infestation in Vicia faba was studied in a field experiment in north–west Syria. Two faba bean genotypes. ILB 1814 (Syrian Local Large) and 402/29/84 (new breeding line from Egypt), were planted at four sowing densities. Whereas ILB 1814 was severely affected by O. crenata, 402/29/84 proved to be highly resistant. Sowing density did not have a significant effect on O. crenata dry weight in either genotype. However, the number of O. crenata attachments in ILB 1814 was positively correlated with plant density. The resistance of faba bean genotype 402/29/84 to O. crenata is due to: (a) less plant vigour and root–length density; (b) necrosis of host cells preventing O. crenata attack either before or just after penetration into the host root, or developing a barrier in the host root after the formation of a small tubercle: (c) early flowering and pod setting.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1997.tb01821.x

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7

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Solarization; a physical control method for weeds and parasitic plants (Orobanche spp.) in Mediterranean agriculture (1989)

SAUERBORN, J. ; LINKE, K-H. ; SAXENA, M. C. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Weed research 29 (1989), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3180

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary. Experiments were conducted between 1985 and 1988 to evaluate the effect of duration and time of solarization on the control of two broom rapes (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers., O. crenata Forsk.) and other weeds common in the fields of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) in West Asia. Solarization was performed by applying clear polyethylene sheet to the soil for 0, 10, 20, or 40 days in 1985/86, 0, 30, or 40 days in 1986/87 and 0, 20, 30, 40 or 50 days in 1987/88 during the hot season (July and August) and for 50 days immediately before sowing during milder weather (September and October) in 1986/87. Best control was obtained with solarization for 30–50 days in the hot season. Maximum soil temperature under polyethylene at 5 cm was 55°C in 1985, 48°C in 1986 and 57°C in 1987. Broomrape dry weight decreased in the first experiment by more than 90% in both faba bean and lentil fields. Solarization controlled broom-rape and other weeds in the following two seasons when the soil was left undisturbed during the season of the treatment.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1989.tb01310.x

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8

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Fusarium nygamai, a potential bioherbicide for Striga hermonthica control in sorghum

Abbasher, A.A. ; Sauerborn, J.

Amsterdam : Elsevier

Biological Control 2 (1992), S. 291-296

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ISSN: 1049-9644

Keywords: Fusarium nygamai ; Sorghum bicolor ; Striga hermonthica ; biological weed control ; parasitic weed ; witchweed

Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1049-9644(92)90021-5

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9

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Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms (1993)

Cubero, J. I. ; Pieterse, A. H. ; Khalil, S. A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Euphytica 73 (1993), S. 51-58

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Keywords: Orobande ; Striga ; Cusanta ; Viscum ; screening ; plant breeding ; resistance

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027181

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