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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1951-01-01
    Description: 1. The literature on eosinophil variations under various stresses is reviewed in the light of recent interest in the adrenal cortex as a regulator of blood eosinophil levels. Chamber eosinophil counts are necessary for accuracy in these studies. Phloxine-propylene glycol or eosin-acetone stains with standard white cell pipets and chambers may be employed for simple and satisfactory chamber counts. 2. Statistical formulae are applied to chamber eosinophil counts and marrow differential counts to delineate the theoretic errors. Actual observations differ slightly from the predicted results but substantiate the appreciable intrinsic errors frequently seen. 3. Studies on physiologic variation are reviewed. There are significant minute-to-minute fluctuations as well as a more marked diurnal trend in eosinophil levels with a mid-morning low and a night-time peak. Comparison of single morning eosinophil levels with single noon specimens may be misleading. 4. Oral ephedrine is a potent eosinopenic agent. 5. Repeated tests of the eosinopenic response to ephedrine or epinephrine frequently show significant variation in the same subject. 6. Many patients with various diseases fail to react adequately to ephedrine or epinephrine. 7. Repeated and controlled observations are necessary before conclusions regarding pituitary-adrenal function can be drawn from eosinophil counts alone.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1953-12-01
    Description: 1 . Absolute eosinophil counts of normal guinea pigs were obtained before, and twenty-four hours after, intraperitoneal implantation of lung slices from normal and sensitized guinea pigs, and of lung and other tissues—intestines, uterus, gall bladder, liver, and skin—from guinea pigs which died in anaphylactic shock. Changes in the number of circulating eosinophils of normal recipients were also determined after transfer of lung obtained from the same sensitized donor animal before and after reinjection of the specific antigen, and of lungs from shocked animals incubated at 56 C. for 40 minutes. 2. Transfer of lung tissue from normal and sensitized (but not reinjected) guinea pigs into the peritoneal cavity of normal animals produces a significant, but limited, increase in the number of circulating eosinophils of the recipients. 3. Transfer of lung tissue of guinea pigs which died in anaphylactic shock into the peritoneal cavity of normal recipients produces a marked transitory eosinophilia. 4. Removal and transfer of one lung of sensitized guinea pigs, compared with transfer of the other lung after reinjection of the specific antigen demonstrates that the eosinotactic factor develops immediately after anaphylactic shock. 5. Transfer of intestines, uterus, gall bladder, and liver (compared with lung) of shocked guinea pigs into the peritoneal cavity of normal animals produces a small, but significant, transitory increase in the number of circulating eosinophils in the recipient; transfer of skin in a limited number of experiments appears to depress the peripheral eosinophil count of the recipients. 6. Transfer of lung tissue from shocked donors incubated at 58 C. for 40 minutes produces a less marked eosinophilia in normal recipients than transfer of lung tissue kept at room temperature for the same period.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1949-03-01
    Description: 1. The eosinophilic response of the guinea pig sensitized and reinjected with the specific antigen varies with the nature of the antigen used, but also with the individual guinea pig in any groupsensitized and reinjected with the same antigen. 2. Certain antihistamine drugs which abolish anaphylactic symptoms, do not abolish the eosinophilic response. 3. The severity of anaphylactic "shock" symptoms has no influence on the eosinophilic response. 4. Histamine phosphate has no effect on the eosinophil count of nonsensitized guinea pigs protected by benadryl; it causes a distinct eosinophilic response in sensitized animals. 5. Heparin—in the dose injected—produced only an insignificant rise in the peripheral eosinophil count of sensitized guinea pigs; adenosine had no effect. 6. Attempts were made to correlate the eosinophilic response in bone marrow, blood and shock tissue of guinea pigs sensitized and reinjected with a specific antigen. The variation within a wide range of the number of eosinophils in the bone marrow of nonsensitized and of sensitized, reinjected guinea pigs is emphasized. A definite correlation seems to exist between the presence of a large number of eosinophils in blood and lungs; it is shown, however, that this observation permits only limited conclusions. 7. The factors which account for discrepancies in the interpretation of the eosinophilic response, e.g., nature of antigen, route of administration and characteristics of species, are analyzed. 8. The significance of the findings is reviewed in the light of previous work.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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