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  • 1
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    Cooperation with dynamic partner updating [Social Sciences] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-05
    Description: The natural tendency for humans to make and break relationships is thought to facilitate the emergence of cooperation. In particular, allowing conditional cooperators to choose with whom they interact is believed to reinforce the rewards accruing to mutual cooperation while simultaneously excluding defectors. Here we report on a series of...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    The matrix protein CCN1/CYR61 is required for αVβ5-mediated cancer cell migration (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-14
    Description: CYR61 is one of the six proteins of the CCN family of proteins known to play diverse roles in angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, survival, migration and wound healing. However, the specific function of CYR61 in cancer is unclear, and the literature remains controversial. We used quantitative real-time PCR to establish the expression profile of CYR61 and integrin α V β 5 in three non–small cell lung cancer, five colorectal cancer, one breast cancer and one oesophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines. We showed that the levels of CYR61 were significantly increased in oesophageal squamous carcinoma cell line along with the enhanced levels of α V β 5 integrin. Further, we investigated whether tumour cell–secreted CYR61 can facilitate cell migration by interacting with the α V β 5 integrin. Using tumour cell lines with low, intermediate and high CYR61 expression and their isogenic variants as a cellular model, we determined that integrin α V β 5 expressed on these tumour cells is required for cell migration. Moreover, we showed that the modulation of expression levels of CYR61 in these cancer cells affected their capacity for migration. These results represent an advance to the understanding of the role of CYR61 and α v β 5 integrin as proteins that cooperate to mediate cancer cell migration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0263-6484
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-0844
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Society needs more than wonder to respect science (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watts, Susan -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 10;508(7495):151. doi: 10.1038/508151a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24717473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genetic Privacy ; Humans ; Journalism/*standards ; Precision Medicine ; *Professional Role ; Research Personnel/standards ; Science/*education/*ethics/standards
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Domesticated nature: shaping landscapes and ecosystems for human welfare (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: Like all species, humans have exercised their impulse to perpetuate and propagate themselves. In doing so, we have domesticated landscapes and ecosystems in ways that enhance our food supplies, reduce exposure to predators and natural dangers, and promote commerce. On average, the net benefits to humankind of domesticated nature have been positive. We have, of course, made mistakes, causing unforeseen changes in ecosystem attributes, while leaving few, if any, truly wild places on Earth. Going into the future, scientists can help humanity to domesticate nature more wisely by quantifying the tradeoffs among ecosystem services, such as how increasing the provision of one service may decrease ecosystem resilience and the provision of other services.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kareiva, Peter -- Watts, Sean -- McDonald, Robert -- Boucher, Tim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1866-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nature Conservancy, 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 100, Arlington, VA 22203, USA. pkareiva@tnc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Cities ; Commerce ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural ; Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Genetic legacy in a marine protist [Evolution] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-19
    Description: The mechanisms that underpin the varied spatial genetic structures exhibited by free-living marine microorganisms remain controversial, with most studies emphasizing a high dispersal capability that should redistribute genetic diversity in contrast to most macroorganisms whose populations often retain a genetic signature of demographic response to historic climate fluctuations. We quantified...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial growth of CrO2 thin films by chemical-vapor deposition from a Cr8O21 precursor (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 1035-1040 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Presently, the best epitaxial thin films of CrO2 are made by chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) in a two-zone furnace with oxygen flow from a CrO3 precursor. The growth mode has previously been described as CrO3 vaporizing in the first zone, and thermally decomposing at higher temperature in the second zone onto a substrate. In the more recent works, the focus has been on the properties of the obtained layers rather than on deposition mechanisms. In the present experimental work, we attack the epitaxial growth of CrO2 by two completely different methods, namely, molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) and CVD. We focus on the CVD process itself, and show the importance of an intermediate compound, Cr8O21, for the growth of CrO2 films. We show that it is not necessary to start the CVD from CrO3; instead, one can prepare Cr8O21 ex situ, and use it directly for the growth of high-quality CrO2 epitaxial layers, avoiding any contamination caused by the decomposition of CrO3 to Cr8O21. We discuss in parallel our failed attempts to deposit CrO2 from either CrO3 or Cr and oxygen plasma by MBE and our experiments with the CVD process, and conclude that CrO3 does not decompose directly to CrO2 and oxygen, as was expected. We propose a hypothesis that the role of Cr8O21 in the CVD process is to exude unstable molecules of CrO4, and that the reaction on the substrate is the decomposition CrO4→CrO2+O2. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1331343
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ion-irradiation-induced disorder on the low-field magnetoresistance of La0.67A0.33MnO3 (A=Sr, Ca) (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4791-4793 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on a systematic study of the correlation between the disorder produced by ion irradiation and the magnetoresistance (MR) behavior of two doped manganite films: a highly textured La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 film on a (100) LaAlO3 substrate and a film of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 on a YSZ substrate with a high degree of large-angle grain boundary disorder. The films were grown via metal organic chemical vapor deposition and exposed to irradiation of 200 keV Ne ions. The temperature and field dependence of the resistivity were measured on the same samples at different levels of damage. For the Sr-doped film, the bulk magnetic properties were observed to degrade faster with cumulative damage than transport. For both films at low temperature, a low-field hysteretic MR was either induced or enhanced by ion damage. These effects are discussed in terms of diffusive transport through "granular" magnetically disordered regions. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370483
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of films of La1−xSrxMnO3−δ grown by means of metal organic chemical vapor deposition : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4967-4969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An effort to develop La manganites for possible sensor applications has led to the successful growth of La1−xBxMnO3−δ (B=Sr, Ca) thin films on single crystal MgO, Al2O3, and LaAlO3 substrates. Here we concentrate on Sr-doped material on LaAlO3 with Curie temperature Tc=262±2 K. Tc was determined from magnetization measurements using Arrott plots, and agrees well with the observed resistivity peak in zero applied magnetic field (H). This Tc corresponds closely to a Sr content x=0.17 reported in bulk materials. At H=60 kOe the maximum magnetoresistance Δρ/ρ(approximate)0.95. No discernible hysteresis, as might be expected for structural phase transitions, was observed. When plotted as a function of reduced temperature T/Tc, the magnetization extrapolated to zero H is best fit by a Brillouin function with an effective spin value 〈S〉 much larger than the 〈S〉=1.9 indicated by the composition. This may be indicative of magnetic polaron formation, especially near the magnetic and transport transition temperatures. At temperatures far below Tc there is an increase in resistivity of the thin films, which is considerably modified by the application of a field of 50 kOe. The conductivity, however, remains finite as the temperature approaches zero, indicating transport in states close to but above the mobility edge. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365014
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain boundary effects on transport in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-grown, Ca-doped lanthanum manganites : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 7055-7057 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The transport properties of metalorganic chemical vapor deposited films of lanthanum manganite grown on various substrates are investigated. The more disordered films show a magnetoresistance that is both large and relatively temperature independent over a wide temperature range. At low magnetic fields, a linear field dependence is observed and is attributed to spin-polarized intergrain tunneling. In addition, at low fields a hysteretic dependence of resistivity on the magnetic field has been observed. This effect has been attributed to the scattering of spin-polarized carriers at the grain boundary. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367548
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ISOLATION OF THE MHC GENES ENCODING THE TUMOUR-SPECIFIC CLASS I ANTIGENS EXPRESSED ON A MURINE FIBROSARCOMA (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The C3H UV-induced fibrosarcoma, 1591, is highly immunogenic and, therefore, is readily rejected when transplanted into immunocompetent syngeneic recipients. Previous analysis of 1591 with tumour-specific or H-2-reactive monoclonal antibodies revealed that this antigenicity might be due to the expression of two novel class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. In this report we describe the molecular cloning and initial characterization of three genes which account for all of the unique serological class I reactivities observed on this tumour. These include two distinct, but highly conserved, H-2L-like genes, and a third gene the product of which bears determinants which are characteristic of both the tumour and of class I products of the H-2k haplotype. Moreover, each of these genes contains a polymorphic restriction enzyme fragment which is detected in the class I sequences of 1591 relative to normal C3H tissue. Since the expression of these polymorphic class I sequences is relevant to the immunogenicity of 1591, the mutational events by which these genes were generated may be significant to the immunobiology of this tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1986.tb01090.x
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