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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: Light gap disturbances have been postulated to play a major role in maintaining tree diversity in species-rich tropical forests. This hypothesis was tested in more than 1200 gaps in a tropical forest in Panama over a 13-year period. Gaps increased seedling establishment and sapling densities, but this effect was nonspecific and broad-spectrum, and species richness per stem was identical in gaps and in nongap control sites. Spatial and temporal variation in the gap disturbance regime did not explain variation in species richness. The species composition of gaps was unpredictable even for pioneer tree species. Strong recruitment limitation appears to decouple the gap disturbance regime from control of tree diversity in this tropical forest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hubbell -- Foster -- O'Brien -- Harms -- Condit -- Wechsler -- Wright -- de Lao SL -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 22;283(5401):554-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉S. P. Hubbell, S. T. O'Brien, B. Wechsler, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. R. B. Foster, K. E. Harms, R. Condit, S. J. Wright, S. Loo de Lao, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Post.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9915706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-08-12
    Description: The effect of anthropogenic and biogenic organic particles on atmospheric glaciation processes is poorly understood. We use an optical microscopy (OM) setup to identify the ice nuclei (IN) active in immersion freezing (IMF) and deposition ice nucleation (DIN) within a large population of particles collected on a substrate from an ambient environment in central California dominated by urban and marine aerosols. Multi-modal micro-spectroscopy methods are applied to characterize the physicochemical properties and mixing state of the individual IN and particle populations to identify particle-type classes. The temperature onsets of water uptake occurred between 235–257 K at subsaturated conditions and the onsets of IMF proceeded at subsaturated and saturated conditions for 235–247 K, relevant for ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds. Particles also took up water and nucleated ice between 226–235 K and acted as deposition IN with onset temperatures below 226 K, a temperature range relevant to cirrus cloud formation. The identified IN belong to the most common particle-type classes observed in the field samples: organic coated sea salt, and Na-rich, secondary, and refractory carbonaceous particles. Based on these observations, we suggest that the IN are not always particles with unique chemical composition and exceptional ice nucleation propensity; rather, they are common particles in the ambient particle population. The results suggest that particle-type abundance and total particle surface area, is also a crucial factor, in addition to particle-type ice nucleation efficiency, in determining ice formation within the particle population.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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