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  • 1
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    The TAM family receptor tyrosine kinase TYRO3 is a negative regulator of type 2 immunity (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: Host responses against metazoan parasites or an array of environmental substances elicit type 2 immunity. Despite its protective function, type 2 immunity also drives allergic diseases. The mechanisms that regulate the magnitude of the type 2 response remain largely unknown. Here, we show that genetic ablation of a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded byTyro3in mice or the functional neutralization of its ortholog in human dendritic cells resulted in enhanced type 2 immunity. Furthermore, the TYRO3 agonist PROS1 was induced in T cells by the quintessential type 2 cytokine, interleukin-4. T cell-specificPros1knockouts phenocopied the loss ofTyro3 Thus, a PROS1-mediated feedback from adaptive immunity engages a rheostat, TYRO3, on innate immune cells to limit the intensity of type 2 responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, Pamela Y -- Carrera Silva, Eugenio A -- De Kouchkovsky, Dimitri -- Joannas, Leonel D -- Hao, Liming -- Hu, Donglei -- Huntsman, Scott -- Eng, Celeste -- Licona-Limon, Paula -- Weinstein, Jason S -- Herbert, De'Broski R -- Craft, Joseph E -- Flavell, Richard A -- Repetto, Silvia -- Correale, Jorge -- Burchard, Esteban G -- Torgerson, Dara G -- Ghosh, Sourav -- Rothlin, Carla V -- HL004464/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL078885/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL088133/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL104608/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL117004/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MD006902/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI089824/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007019/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):99-103. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Academia Nacional de Medicina-CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina. ; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiologia y Parasitologia Medica, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina. Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, University of Buenos Aires, 1120, Argentina. ; Center for Research on Neuroimmunological Diseases, Raul Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina. ; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Bioengineering, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. carla.rothlin@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptive Immunity/*genetics ; Animals ; Asthma/genetics/*immunology ; Blood Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Host-Parasite Interactions/genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Interleukin-4/immunology/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Nippostrongylus/immunology ; Pyroglyphidae/immunology ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/*physiology ; Strongylida Infections/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchung von Milch und Milcherzeugnissen (1935)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 103 (1935), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01376413
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Exploring the role of MKK7 in excitotoxicity and cerebral ischemia: a novel pharmacological strategy against brain injury (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: Exploring the role of MKK7 in excitotoxicity and cerebral ischemia: a novel pharmacological strategy against brain injury Cell Death and Disease 6, e1854 (August 2015). doi:10.1038/cddis.2015.226 Authors: A Vercelli, S Biggi, A Sclip, I E Repetto, S Cimini, F Falleroni, S Tomasi, R Monti, N Tonna, F Morelli, V Grande, M Stravalaci, E Biasini, O Marin, F Bianco, D di Marino & T Borsello
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    Discovery of a red supergiant counterpart to RX J004722.4-252051, a ULX in NGC 253 (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-11
    Description: We present two epochs of near-infrared spectroscopy of the candidate red supergiant counterpart to RX J004722.4–252051, a ULX in NGC 253. We measure radial velocities of the object and its approximate spectral type by cross-correlating our spectra with those of known red supergiants. Our VLT/X-shooter spectrum is best matched by that of early M-type supergiants, confirming the red supergiant nature of the candidate counterpart. The radial velocity of the spectrum, taken on 2014 August 23, is 417 ± 4 km s –1 . This is consistent with the radial velocity measured in our spectrum taken with Magellan/MMIRS on 2013 June 28, of 410 ± 70 km s –1 , although the large error on the latter implies that a radial velocity shift expected for a black hole of tens of M can easily be hidden. Using nebular emission lines we find that the radial velocity due to the rotation of NGC 253 is 351 ± 4 km s –1 at the position of the ULX. Thus the radial velocity of the counterpart confirms that the source is located in NGC 253, but also shows an offset with respect to the local bulk motion of the galaxy of 66 ± 6 km s –1 . We argue that the most likely origin for this displacement lies either in a SN kick, requiring a system containing a  50 M black hole, and/or in orbital radial velocity variations in the ULX binary system, requiring a  100 M black hole. We therefore conclude that RX J004722.4–252051 is a strong candidate for a ULX containing a massive stellar black hole.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    VLT spectroscopy of the black hole candidate Swift J1357.2-0933 in quiescence (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: We present time-resolved optical spectroscopy of the counterpart to the high-inclination black hole low-mass X-ray binary Swift J1357.2–0933 in quiescence. Absorption features from the mass donor star were not detected. Instead the spectra display prominent broad double-peaked H α emission and weaker He i emission lines. From the H α peak-to-peak separation, we constrain the radial velocity semi-amplitude of the donor star to K 2  〉 789 km s –1 . Further analysis through radial velocity and equivalent width measurements indicates that the H α line is free of variability due to S-wave components or disc eclipses. From our data and previous observations during outburst, we conclude that long-term radial velocity changes ascribed to a precessing disc were of low amplitude or not present. This implies that the centroid position of the line should closely represent the systemic radial velocity, . Using the derived  = –150 km s –1 and the best available limits on the source distance, we infer that the black hole is moving towards the plane in its current Galactic orbit unless the proper motion is substantial. Finally, the depth of the central absorption in the double-peaked profiles adds support for Swift J1357.2–0933 as a high-inclination system. On the other hand, we argue that the low hydrogen column density inferred from X-ray fitting suggests that the system is not seen edge-on.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Discovery of a red supergiant counterpart to RX J004722.4-252051, a ULX in NGC 253 (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-27
    Description: We present two epochs of near-infrared spectroscopy of the candidate red supergiant counterpart to RX J004722.4–252051, a ULX in NGC 253. We measure radial velocities of the object and its approximate spectral type by cross-correlating our spectra with those of known red supergiants. Our VLT/X-shooter spectrum is best matched by that of early M-type supergiants, confirming the red supergiant nature of the candidate counterpart. The radial velocity of the spectrum, taken on 2014 August 23, is 417 ± 4 km s –1 . This is consistent with the radial velocity measured in our spectrum taken with Magellan/MMIRS on 2013 June 28, of 410 ± 70 km s –1 , although the large error on the latter implies that a radial velocity shift expected for a black hole of tens of M can easily be hidden. Using nebular emission lines we find that the radial velocity due to the rotation of NGC 253 is 351 ± 4 km s –1 at the position of the ULX. Thus the radial velocity of the counterpart confirms that the source is located in NGC 253, but also shows an offset with respect to the local bulk motion of the galaxy of 66 ± 6 km s –1 . We argue that the most likely origin for this displacement lies either in a SN kick, requiring a system containing a  50 M black hole, and/or in orbital radial velocity variations in the ULX binary system, requiring a  100 M black hole. We therefore conclude that RX J004722.4–252051 is a strong candidate for a ULX containing a massive stellar black hole.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Electron paramagnetic resonance and ultraviolet/visible study of compounds I and II in the horseradish peroxidase–H2O2–silk fiber reaction system (2003)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-01
    Print ISSN: 1386-1425
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3557
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
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    The coupled effect of tides and stellar winds on the evolution of compact binaries (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-20
    Description: We follow the evolution of compact binaries under the coupled effect of tides and stellar winds until the onset of Roche lobe overflow. These binaries contain a compact object (either a black hole, a neutron star or a planet) and a stellar component. We integrate the full set of tidal equations, which are based on Hut's model for tidal evolution, and we couple them with the angular momentum loss in a stellar wind. Our aim is twofold. First, we wish to highlight some interesting evolutionary outcomes of the coupling. When tides are coupled with a non-massive stellar wind, one interesting outcome is that in certain types of binaries, the stellar spin tends to reach a quasi-equilibrium state, where the effects of tides and wind are counteracting each other. When tides are coupled with a massive wind, we parametrize the evolution in terms of the decoupling radius, at which the wind decouples from the star. Even for small decoupling radii, this wind braking can drive systems on the main sequence to Roche lobe overflow that otherwise would fail to do so. Our second aim is to inspect whether simple time-scale considerations are a good description of the evolution of the systems. We find that simple time-scale considerations, which rely on neglecting the coupling between tides and stellar winds, do not accurately represent the true evolution of compact binaries. The outcome of the coupled evolution of the rotational and orbital elements can strongly differ from simple time-scale considerations, as already pointed out by Barker and Ogilvie in the case of short-period planetary systems.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Constraining the formation of black holes in short-period black hole low-mass X-ray binaries (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-09
    Description: The formation of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) is still very uncertain. Two main uncertainties are the amount of mass ejected in the supernova (SN) event (if any) and the magnitude of the natal kick (NK) the BH receives at birth (if any). Repetto et al., studying the position of Galactic X-ray binaries containing BHs, found evidence for BHs receiving high NKs at birth. In this paper, we extend that study, taking into account the previous binary evolution of the sources as well. The seven short-period BH X-ray binaries that we use are compact binaries consisting of a low-mass star orbiting a BH in a period less than 1 d. We trace their binary evolution backwards in time, from the current observed state of mass transfer, to the moment the BH was formed, and we add the extra information on the kinematics of the binaries. We find that several systems could be explained by no NK, just mass ejection, while for two systems (and possibly more) a high kick is required. So unless the latter have an alternative formation, such as within a globular cluster, we conclude that at least some BHs get high kicks. This challenges the standard picture that BH kicks would be scaled down from neutron star kicks. Furthermore, we find that five systems could have formed with a non-zero NK but zero mass ejected (i.e. no SN) at formation, as predicted by neutrino-driven NKs.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Untersuchung von Milch und Milcherzeugnissen (1935)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1935-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-1152
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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