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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-08-18
    Description: The human genome contains thousands of retrocopies, mostly as processed pseudogenes, which were recently shown to be prevalently transcribed. In particular, those specifically acquired in the human lineage are able to modulate gene expression in a manner that contributed to the evolution of human-specific traits. Therefore, knowledge of the human-specific retrocopies that are transcribed or their full-length transcript structure contributes to better understand human genome evolution. In this study, we identified 16 human-specific retrocopies that harbor 5' CpG islands by in silico analysis and showed that 12 were transcribed in normal tissues and cancer cell lines with a variety of expression patterns, including cancer-specific expression. Determination of the structure of the transcripts associated with the retrocopies revealed that none were transcribed from their 5' CpG islands, but rather, from inside the 3' UTR and the nearby 5' flanking region of the retrocopies as well as the promoter of neighboring genes. The multiple forms of the transcripts, such as chimeric and individual transcripts in both the sense and antisense orientation, might have introduced novel post-transcriptional regulation into the genome during human evolution. These results shed light on the potential role of human-specific retrocopies in the evolution of gene regulation and genomic disorders.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-06-17
    Description: Ca2+ influx triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic active zone (AZ). Here we demonstrate a role of Ras-related in brain 3 (Rab3)–interacting molecules 2α and β (RIM2α and RIM2β) in clustering voltage-gated CaV1.3 Ca2+ channels at the AZs of sensory inner hair cells (IHCs). We show that...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2008-12-09
    Description: Proteins that directly regulate tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) signalling have critical roles in regulating cellular activation and survival. ABIN-1 (A20 binding and inhibitor of NF-kappaB) is a novel protein that is thought to inhibit NF-kappaB signalling. Here we show that mice deficient for ABIN-1 die during embryogenesis with fetal liver apoptosis, anaemia and hypoplasia. ABIN-1 deficient cells are hypersensitive to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced programmed cell death, and TNF deficiency rescues ABIN-1 deficient embryos. ABIN-1 inhibits caspase 8 recruitment to FADD (Fas-associated death domain-containing protein) in TNF-induced signalling complexes, preventing caspase 8 cleavage and programmed cell death. Moreover, ABIN-1 directly binds polyubiquitin chains and this ubiquitin sensing activity is required for ABIN-1's anti-apoptotic activity. These studies provide insights into how ubiquitination and ubiquitin sensing proteins regulate cellular and organismal survival.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2642523/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2642523/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oshima, Shigeru -- Turer, Emre E -- Callahan, Joseph A -- Chai, Sophia -- Advincula, Rommel -- Barrera, Julio -- Shifrin, Nataliya -- Lee, Bettina -- Benedict Yen, T S -- Woo, Tammy -- Malynn, Barbara A -- Ma, Averil -- R01 DK071939/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK071939-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK071939-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK071939-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK071939-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):906-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07575. Epub 2008 Dec 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-1057, San Francisco, California 94143-0451, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19060883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis/*physiology ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Embryonic Development/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Jurkat Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Alignment ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oshima, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 5;273(5271):44-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8658191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aged ; Disabled Persons ; Family ; Female ; *Health Services for the Aged ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Japan ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Pensions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-07-24
    Description: Pollen proteins from several grass species have been identified and characterized as causative allergens in grass pollinosis. In contrast, allergenic potential of pollen proteins from rice, which belongs to the same Poaceae family, has not well been investigated, despite that a few clinical cases have been reported on rice-pollen allergy. In this study, to characterize expression and allergenic potential of pollen proteins from rice ( Oryza sativa, ssp. japonica ), rice putative proteins for β-expansin (EXP), a Ca 2+ -binding protein (CBP)/polcalcin, extensin (EXT), profilin (PRF) and polygalacturonase (PGA) retrieved from a rice complete cDNA database were prepared as recombinant proteins, and the antibodies to these recombinant proteins were obtained. Immuno-blotting and immuno-histological analyses showed that rice putative EXP, EXT and PGA were expressed abundantly in anther tissue and pollen granules and immuno-cross reactive with pollen proteins from timothy grass. ELISA and immuno-dot blotting analyses using serum specimens from allergic patients showed that majority of the specimens was positive in the IgE-binding to EXP and EXT, but weakly to PGA and almost negative to PRF. EXP and EXT were suggested to be potentially allergenic in the rice-pollen allergy as well as the grass pollinosis.
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-01-12
    Description: Human CYP3A is the most abundant P450 isozyme present in the human liver and small intestine, and metabolizes around 50% of medical drugs on the market. The human CYP3A subfamily comprises four members (CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, CYP3A43) encoded on human chromosome 7. However, transgenic mouse lines carrying the entire human CYP3A cluster have not been constructed because of limitations in conventional cloning techniques. Here, we show that the introduction of a human artificial chromosome (HAC) containing the entire genomic human CYP3A locus recapitulates tissue- and stage-specific expression of human CYP3A genes and xenobiotic metabolism in mice. About 700 kb of the entire CYP3A genomic segment was cloned into a HAC (CYP3A-HAC), and trans-chromosomic (Tc) mice carrying a single copy of germline-transmittable CYP3A-HAC were generated via a chromosome-engineering technique. The tissue- and stage-specific expression profiles of CYP3A genes were consistent with those seen in humans. We further generated mice carrying the CYP3A-HAC in the background homozygous for targeted deletion of most endogenous Cyp3a genes. In this mouse strain with ‘fully humanized’ CYP3A genes, the kinetics of triazolam metabolism, CYP3A-mediated mechanism-based inactivation effects and formation of fetal-specific metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone observed in humans were well reproduced. Thus, these mice are likely to be valuable in evaluating novel drugs metabolized by CYP3A enzymes and in studying the regulation of human CYP3A gene expression. Furthermore, this system can also be used for generating Tc mice carrying other human metabolic genes.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-08-28
    Description: In the cochlear nucleus (CN), the first central relay of the auditory pathway, the survival of neurons during the first weeks after birth depends on afferent innervation from the cochlea. Although input-dependent neuron survival has been extensively studied in the CN, neurogenesis has not been evaluated as a possible mechanism...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 13 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products (ECP) were fractionated by gel filtration chromatography. Three protein fractions were found. The first and second fractions showed low and high haemolytic activity, respectively, whereas the third fraction showed protcolytic activity. By intramuscular injection into juvenile rainbow trout, the median lethal doses of the first, second and third fractions were calculated at 〉669, 152 and 〈1514μg/g body weight, respectively. Cytopathic effects of the fractionated ECP to coho salmon lymphocytes were observed in vitro. The first and second fractions caused cell deformation, nuclear granulation and cytoplasmic streaming after 3h. No cytologic effects with the third fraction were observed. A mixture of the first and third fractions, a mixture of the second and third fractions, and non-fractionated ECP caused nuclear granulation and cytoplasmic streaming after 3Qmin. Using immunodiffusion analysis, the first and second fractions formed a single precipitating line each against white-spotted char anti-ECP sera, but the third fraction did not formed a precipitating line against the antisera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 21 (1973), S. 196-201 
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Insect Biochemistry 20 (1990), S. 745-750 
    ISSN: 0020-1790
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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