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  • 1
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    An integrated pan-tropical biomass map using multiple reference datasets (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: We combined two existing datasets of vegetation aboveground biomass (AGB) (Saatchi et al., 2011; Baccini et al., 2012) into a pan-tropical AGB map at 1-km resolution using an independent reference dataset of field observations and locally-calibrated high-resolution biomass maps, harmonized and upscaled to 14,477 1-km AGB estimates. Our data fusion approach uses bias removal and weighted linear averaging that incorporates and spatializes the biomass patterns indicated by the reference data. The method was applied independently in areas (strata) with homogeneous error patterns of the input (Saatchi and Baccini) maps, which were estimated from the reference data and additional covariates. Based on the fused map, we estimated AGB stock for the tropics (23.4 N – 23.4 S) of 375 Pg dry mass, 9% - 18% lower than the Saatchi and Baccini estimates. The fused map also showed differing spatial patterns of AGB over large areas, with higher AGB density in the dense forest areas in the Congo basin, Eastern Amazon and South-East Asia, and lower values in Central America and in most dry vegetation areas of Africa than either of the input maps. The validation exercise, based on 2,118 estimates from the reference dataset not used in the fusion process, showed that the fused map had a RMSE 15 – 21% lower than that of the input maps and, most importantly, nearly unbiased estimates (mean bias 5 Mg dry mass ha −1 vs. 21 and 28 Mg ha −1 for the input maps). The fusion method can be applied at any scale including the policy-relevant national level, where it can provide improved biomass estimates by integrating existing regional biomass maps as input maps and additional, country-specific reference datasets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Resilience of the Amazon to climate change [Sustainability Science] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-21
    Description: Amazon forests, which store ∼50% of tropical forest carbon and play a vital role in global water, energy, and carbon cycling, are predicted to experience both longer and more intense dry seasons by the end of the 21st century. However, the climate sensitivity of this ecosystem remains uncertain: several studies...
    Keywords: Sustainability Science
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Carbon emissions: the poorest forest dwellers could suffer (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, Simon L -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 3;462(7273):567. doi: 10.1038/462567a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Humans ; Ownership/ethics ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Increasing carbon storage in intact African tropical forests (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-20
    Description: The response of terrestrial vegetation to a globally changing environment is central to predictions of future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The role of tropical forests is critical because they are carbon-dense and highly productive. Inventory plots across Amazonia show that old-growth forests have increased in carbon storage over recent decades, but the response of one-third of the world's tropical forests in Africa is largely unknown owing to an absence of spatially extensive observation networks. Here we report data from a ten-country network of long-term monitoring plots in African tropical forests. We find that across 79 plots (163 ha) above-ground carbon storage in live trees increased by 0.63 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) between 1968 and 2007 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22-0.94; mean interval, 1987-96). Extrapolation to unmeasured forest components (live roots, small trees, necromass) and scaling to the continent implies a total increase in carbon storage in African tropical forest trees of 0.34 Pg C yr(-1) (CI, 0.15-0.43). These reported changes in carbon storage are similar to those reported for Amazonian forests per unit area, providing evidence that increasing carbon storage in old-growth forests is a pan-tropical phenomenon. Indeed, combining all standardized inventory data from this study and from tropical America and Asia together yields a comparable figure of 0.49 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) (n = 156; 562 ha; CI, 0.29-0.66; mean interval, 1987-97). This indicates a carbon sink of 1.3 Pg C yr(-1) (CI, 0.8-1.6) across all tropical forests during recent decades. Taxon-specific analyses of African inventory and other data suggest that widespread changes in resource availability, such as increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, may be the cause of the increase in carbon stocks, as some theory and models predict.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, Simon L -- Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela -- Sonke, Bonaventure -- Affum-Baffoe, Kofi -- Baker, Timothy R -- Ojo, Lucas O -- Phillips, Oliver L -- Reitsma, Jan M -- White, Lee -- Comiskey, James A -- Djuikouo K, Marie-Noel -- Ewango, Corneille E N -- Feldpausch, Ted R -- Hamilton, Alan C -- Gloor, Manuel -- Hart, Terese -- Hladik, Annette -- Lloyd, Jon -- Lovett, Jon C -- Makana, Jean-Remy -- Malhi, Yadvinder -- Mbago, Frank M -- Ndangalasi, Henry J -- Peacock, Julie -- Peh, Kelvin S-H -- Sheil, Douglas -- Sunderland, Terry -- Swaine, Michael D -- Taplin, James -- Taylor, David -- Thomas, Sean C -- Votere, Raymond -- Woll, Hannsjorg -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):1003-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07771.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth and Biosphere Institute, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. s.l.lewis@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19225523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Trees/anatomy & histology/chemistry/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Tropical Climate ; Wilderness ; Wood/analysis/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    How to beat the media in the climate street fight (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, Simon L -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 4;468(7320):7. doi: 10.1038/468007a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Leeds. s.l.lewis@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21048720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Communication ; Electronic Mail ; Great Britain ; Ice Cover ; Internationality ; Journalism/*standards ; *Public Opinion ; *Public Relations ; Rain ; Research Personnel/*standards ; Retraction of Publication as Topic ; Trees/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Drought sensitivity of the Amazon rainforest (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-07
    Description: Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6 petagrams (1.2 x 10(15) to 1.6 x 10(15) grams). Amazon forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert feedback on climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, Oliver L -- Aragao, Luiz E O C -- Lewis, Simon L -- Fisher, Joshua B -- Lloyd, Jon -- Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela -- Malhi, Yadvinder -- Monteagudo, Abel -- Peacock, Julie -- Quesada, Carlos A -- van der Heijden, Geertje -- Almeida, Samuel -- Amaral, Ieda -- Arroyo, Luzmila -- Aymard, Gerardo -- Baker, Tim R -- Banki, Olaf -- Blanc, Lilian -- Bonal, Damien -- Brando, Paulo -- Chave, Jerome -- de Oliveira, Atila Cristina Alves -- Cardozo, Nallaret Davila -- Czimczik, Claudia I -- Feldpausch, Ted R -- Freitas, Maria Aparecida -- Gloor, Emanuel -- Higuchi, Niro -- Jimenez, Eliana -- Lloyd, Gareth -- Meir, Patrick -- Mendoza, Casimiro -- Morel, Alexandra -- Neill, David A -- Nepstad, Daniel -- Patino, Sandra -- Penuela, Maria Cristina -- Prieto, Adriana -- Ramirez, Fredy -- Schwarz, Michael -- Silva, Javier -- Silveira, Marcos -- Thomas, Anne Sota -- Steege, Hans Ter -- Stropp, Juliana -- Vasquez, Rodolfo -- Zelazowski, Przemyslaw -- Alvarez Davila, Esteban -- Andelman, Sandy -- Andrade, Ana -- Chao, Kuo-Jung -- Erwin, Terry -- Di Fiore, Anthony -- Honorio C, Euridice -- Keeling, Helen -- Killeen, Tim J -- Laurance, William F -- Pena Cruz, Antonio -- Pitman, Nigel C A -- Nunez Vargas, Percy -- Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma -- Rudas, Agustin -- Salamao, Rafael -- Silva, Natalino -- Terborgh, John -- Torres-Lezama, Armando -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1344-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1164033.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. o.phillips@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biomass ; Brazil ; Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide ; Climate ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; South America ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    A large and persistent carbon sink in the world's forests (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: The terrestrial carbon sink has been large in recent decades, but its size and location remain uncertain. Using forest inventory data and long-term ecosystem carbon studies, we estimate a total forest sink of 2.4 +/- 0.4 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year(-1)) globally for 1990 to 2007. We also estimate a source of 1.3 +/- 0.7 Pg C year(-1) from tropical land-use change, consisting of a gross tropical deforestation emission of 2.9 +/- 0.5 Pg C year(-1) partially compensated by a carbon sink in tropical forest regrowth of 1.6 +/- 0.5 Pg C year(-1). Together, the fluxes comprise a net global forest sink of 1.1 +/- 0.8 Pg C year(-1), with tropical estimates having the largest uncertainties. Our total forest sink estimate is equivalent in magnitude to the terrestrial sink deduced from fossil fuel emissions and land-use change sources minus ocean and atmospheric sinks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pan, Yude -- Birdsey, Richard A -- Fang, Jingyun -- Houghton, Richard -- Kauppi, Pekka E -- Kurz, Werner A -- Phillips, Oliver L -- Shvidenko, Anatoly -- Lewis, Simon L -- Canadell, Josep G -- Ciais, Philippe -- Jackson, Robert B -- Pacala, Stephen W -- McGuire, A David -- Piao, Shilong -- Rautiainen, Aapo -- Sitch, Stephen -- Hayes, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):988-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1201609. Epub 2011 Jul 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA. ypan@fs.fed.us〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; *Carbon Sequestration ; Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    We must set planetary boundaries wisely (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, Simon L -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 23;485(7399):417. doi: 10.1038/485417a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University College London, UK. s.l.lewis@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22622531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Earth (Planet) ; *Environmental Policy ; Global Warming/prevention & control ; *Human Activities ; Phosphorus/analysis/metabolism ; Recycling
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Scientist-versus-activist debates mislead the public (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, Simon L -- England -- Nature. 2014 Feb 27;506(7489):409. doi: 10.1038/506409a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24572388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Dissent and Disputes ; Floods/statistics & numerical data ; Great Britain ; Journalism/standards ; Mass Media/standards ; *Public Opinion ; Rain ; Reproducibility of Results ; Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Ecosystem services: Forests are more than sticks of carbon (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacob, Aerin L -- Wilson, Sarah Jane -- Lewis, Simon L -- England -- Nature. 2014 Mar 20;507(7492):306. doi: 10.1038/507306c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McGill University, Montreal, Canada. ; University College London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24646985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*metabolism ; *Carbon Sequestration ; *Forestry ; Trees/*metabolism ; *Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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