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  • 1
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    Obesity impairs cognitive function [Neuroscience] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-24
    Description: Obesity is a major public health problem affecting overall physical and emotional well-being. Despite compelling data suggesting an association between obesity and cognitive dysfunction, this phenomenon has received relatively little attention. Neuroimaging studies in obese humans report reduced size of brain regions involved in cognition, but few studies have investigated...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Histone H2B Ubiquitination Promotes the Function of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (2014)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-14
    Description: Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of proteins are reciprocal events involved in many cellular processes, including the cell cycle. During mitosis, the metaphase to anaphase transition is regulated by the ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Although the E3 ubiquitin ligase function of the APC/C has been well characterized, it is not clear whether deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) play a role in reversing APC/C substrate ubiquitination. Here we performed a genetic screen to determine what DUB, if any, antagonizes the function of the APC/C in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe . We found that deletion of ubp8 , encoding the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyl transferase (SAGA) complex associated DUB, suppressed temperature-sensitive phenotypes of APC/C mutants cut9-665 , lid1-6 , cut4-533 , and slp1-362 . Our analysis revealed that Ubp8 antagonizes APC/C function in a mechanism independent of the spindle assembly checkpoint and proteasome activity. Notably, suppression of APC/C mutants was linked to loss of Ubp8 catalytic activity and required histone H2B ubiquitination. On the basis of these data, we conclude that Ubp8 antagonizes APC/C function indirectly by modulating H2B ubiquitination status.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 3
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    MAP4K4 regulates integrin-FERM binding to control endothelial cell motility (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-25
    Description: Cell migration is a stepwise process that coordinates multiple molecular machineries. Using in vitro angiogenesis screens with short interfering RNA and chemical inhibitors, we define here a MAP4K4-moesin-talin-beta1-integrin molecular pathway that promotes efficient plasma membrane retraction during endothelial cell migration. Loss of MAP4K4 decreased membrane dynamics, slowed endothelial cell migration, and impaired angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In migrating endothelial cells, MAP4K4 phosphorylates moesin in retracting membranes at sites of focal adhesion disassembly. Epistasis analyses indicated that moesin functions downstream of MAP4K4 to inactivate integrin by competing with talin for binding to beta1-integrin intracellular domain. Consequently, loss of moesin (encoded by the MSN gene) or MAP4K4 reduced adhesion disassembly rate in endothelial cells. Additionally, alpha5beta1-integrin blockade reversed the membrane retraction defects associated with loss of Map4k4 in vitro and in vivo. Our study uncovers a novel aspect of endothelial cell migration. Finally, loss of MAP4K4 function suppressed pathological angiogenesis in disease models, identifying MAP4K4 as a potential therapeutic target.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vitorino, Philip -- Yeung, Stacey -- Crow, Ailey -- Bakke, Jesse -- Smyczek, Tanya -- West, Kristina -- McNamara, Erin -- Eastham-Anderson, Jeffrey -- Gould, Stephen -- Harris, Seth F -- Ndubaku, Chudi -- Ye, Weilan -- England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 26;519(7544):425-30. doi: 10.1038/nature14323. Epub 2015 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Department, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. ; Translational Oncology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Pathology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Structural Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Discovery Chemistry Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25799996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Antigens, CD29/chemistry/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/metabolism ; *Cell Movement ; Cell Shape/drug effects ; Endothelial Cells/*cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Focal Adhesions/metabolism ; Humans ; Integrin alpha1/drug effects/metabolism ; Integrins/drug effects/*metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Talin/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Human homing: an elusive phenomenon (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gould, J S -- Able, K P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1061-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Behavior ; Humans ; Magnetics ; *Perception ; Vision, Ocular
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Tails Curtailed: Accounting for Nonlinear Dependence in Pricing Margin Insurance for Dairy Farmers (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-23
    Description: Livestock Gross Margin Insurance for Dairy Cattle (LGM-Dairy) is a risk management tool for protecting milk income over feed cost margins. In this article, we examine the assumptions underpinning the method used to determine LGM-Dairy premiums. Analysis of the milk–feed dependence structure is conducted using copula methods, a rich set of tools that allow modelers to capture nonlinearities in dependence among variables of interest. We find a significant relationship between milk and feed prices that increases with time-to-maturity and severity of negative price shocks. Extremal, or tail, dependence is the propensity of dependence to concentrate in the tails of a distribution. A common theme in financial and actuarial applications and in agricultural crop revenue insurance is that tail dependence increases the risk to the underwriter and results in higher insurance premiums. We present, to our knowledge, the first case in which tail dependence may actually reduce actuarially fair premiums for an agricultural risk insurance product. We examine hedging effectiveness with LGM-Dairy and show that, even in the absence of basis or production risk, hedging horizon plays an important role in the ability of this tool to smooth farm income over feed cost margins over time. Rating methodology that accounts for tail dependence between milk and feed prices extends the optimal hedging horizon and increases hedging effectiveness of the LGM-Dairy program.
    Keywords: G13 - Contingent Pricing ; Futures Pricing, Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness, Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
    Print ISSN: 0002-9092
    Electronic ISSN: 1467-8276
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    ATPase {gamma}-mutations and kDNA loss in trypanosomes [Microbiology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-04
    Description: Viability of the tsetse fly-transmitted African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei depends on maintenance and expression of its kinetoplast (kDNA), the mitochondrial genome of this parasite and a putative target for veterinary and human antitrypanosomatid drugs. However, the closely related animal pathogens T. evansi and T. equiperdum are transmitted independently of tsetse...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthetic origin of the carbon skeleton of simaomicin .alpha., a hexacyclic xanthone antibiotic (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 54 (1989), S. 4321-4323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00279a018
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging metal atoms in air and water using the atomic force microscope (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 1758-1759 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Gold atoms in an epitaxial film on mica are clearly visible in images obtained with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The measured lattice spacing of 3.0± 0.3 A(ring) is consistent with previous scanning tunneling microscope images obtained in air and vacuum. Atoms are visible even if the sample surface, tip, and cantilever are submerged in water in a closed cell. Electrochemical studies of metal electrodes at atomic resolution may now be possible with the AFM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103091
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of tilted superlattice structure by atomic force microscopy (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 2491-2493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have analyzed the structure of tilted superlattices on atomically stepped surfaces by using atomic force microscopy to detect ridges of GaAs formed by the selective oxidation and removal of intervening AlAs regions. Oxides were removed in a liquid cell of the atomic force microscope while scanning. We have demonstrated plan views which reveal the superlattice length and width uniformity, but the method is also in principle suited for cross-sectional samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102008
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control electronics for atomic force microscopy (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 836-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The control electronics for the atomic force microscope (AFM) are described. The set of electronic devices described here allow convenient operation of an atomic force microscope. The key device is the force controller, which automates the otherwise tedious and time-consuming readjustment of the force to a preset value by controlling two gated feedback loops. The preset value of the force can be easily changed by simply turning a potentiometer. This automated system allows us to obtain reliable data, with known forces, despite piezoelectric creep and thermal drift in the force determining mechanical setup. The electronic devices and concepts presented here work for AFMs that use tunneling, capacitance measurements, or optical interference to sense small deflections of the spring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139789
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