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  • 1
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    Precession of the Sagittarius stream (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-06
    Description: Using a variety of stellar tracers – blue horizontal branch stars, main-sequence turn-off stars and red giants – we follow the path of the Sagittarius (Sgr) stream across the sky in Sloan Digital Sky Survey data. Our study presents new Sgr debris detections, accurate distances and line-of-sight velocities that together help to shed new light on the puzzle of the Sgr tails. For both the leading and the trailing tails, we trace the points of their maximal extent, or apocentric distances, and find that they lie at R L  = 47.8 ± 0.5 kpc and R T  = 102.5 ± 2.5 kpc, respectively. The angular difference between the apocentres is 93 $_{.}^{\circ}$ 2 ± 3 $_{.}^{\circ}$ 5, which is smaller than predicted for logarithmic haloes. Such differential orbital precession can be made consistent with models of the Milky Way in which the dark matter density falls more quickly with radius. However, currently, no existing Sgr disruption simulation can explain the entirety of the observational data. Based on its position and radial velocity, we show that the unusually large globular cluster NGC 2419 can be associated with the Sgr trailing stream. We measure the precession of the orbital plane of the Sgr debris in the Milky Way potential and show that, surprisingly, Sgr debris in the primary (brighter) tails evolves differently from the secondary (fainter) tails, both in the north and the south.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS. I. Far-ultraviolet spectroscopic census and the origin of He II {lambda}1640 in young star clusters (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-09
    Description: We introduce a Hubble Space Telescope ( HST )/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) stellar census of R136a, the central ionizing star cluster of 30 Doradus. We present low resolution far-ultraviolet STIS spectroscopy of R136 using 17 contiguous 52 arcsec x 0.2 arcsec slits which together provide complete coverage of the central 0.85 parsec (3.4 arcsec). We provide spectral types of 90 per cent of the 57 sources brighter than m F555W = 16.0 mag within a radius of 0.5 parsec of R136a1, plus 8 additional nearby sources including R136b (O4 If/WN8). We measure wind velocities for 52 early-type stars from C iv 1548–51, including 16 O2–3 stars. For the first time, we spectroscopically classify all Weigelt and Baier members of R136a, which comprise three WN5 stars (a1–a3), two O supergiants (a5–a6) and three early O dwarfs (a4, a7, a8). A complete Hertzsprung–Russell diagram for the most massive O stars in R136 is provided, from which we obtain a cluster age of 1.5 $^{+0.3}_{-0.7}$  Myr. In addition, we discuss the integrated ultraviolet spectrum of R136, and highlight the central role played by the most luminous stars in producing the prominent He ii 1640 emission line. This emission is totally dominated by very massive stars with initial masses above ~100 M . The presence of strong He ii 1640 emission in the integrated light of very young star clusters (e.g. A1 in NGC 3125) favours an initial mass function extending well beyond a conventional upper limit of 100 M . We include montages of ultraviolet spectroscopy for Large Magellanic Cloud O stars in the appendix. Future studies in this series will focus on optical STIS medium resolution observations.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Muc5b is required for airway defence (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-10
    Description: Respiratory surfaces are exposed to billions of particulates and pathogens daily. A protective mucus barrier traps and eliminates them through mucociliary clearance (MCC). However, excessive mucus contributes to transient respiratory infections and to the pathogenesis of numerous respiratory diseases. MUC5AC and MUC5B are evolutionarily conserved genes that encode structurally related mucin glycoproteins, the principal macromolecules in airway mucus. Genetic variants are linked to diverse lung diseases, but specific roles for MUC5AC and MUC5B in MCC, and the lasting effects of their inhibition, are unknown. Here we show that mouse Muc5b (but not Muc5ac) is required for MCC, for controlling infections in the airways and middle ear, and for maintaining immune homeostasis in mouse lungs, whereas Muc5ac is dispensable. Muc5b deficiency caused materials to accumulate in upper and lower airways. This defect led to chronic infection by multiple bacterial species, including Staphylococcus aureus, and to inflammation that failed to resolve normally. Apoptotic macrophages accumulated, phagocytosis was impaired, and interleukin-23 (IL-23) production was reduced in Muc5b(-/-) mice. By contrast, in mice that transgenically overexpress Muc5b, macrophage functions improved. Existing dogma defines mucous phenotypes in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as driven by increased MUC5AC, with MUC5B levels either unaffected or increased in expectorated sputum. However, in many patients, MUC5B production at airway surfaces decreases by as much as 90%. By distinguishing a specific role for Muc5b in MCC, and by determining its impact on bacterial infections and inflammation in mice, our results provide a refined framework for designing targeted therapies to control mucin secretion and restore MCC.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001806/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001806/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roy, Michelle G -- Livraghi-Butrico, Alessandra -- Fletcher, Ashley A -- McElwee, Melissa M -- Evans, Scott E -- Boerner, Ryan M -- Alexander, Samantha N -- Bellinghausen, Lindsey K -- Song, Alfred S -- Petrova, Youlia M -- Tuvim, Michael J -- Adachi, Roberto -- Romo, Irlanda -- Bordt, Andrea S -- Bowden, M Gabriela -- Sisson, Joseph H -- Woodruff, Prescott G -- Thornton, David J -- Rousseau, Karine -- De la Garza, Maria M -- Moghaddam, Seyed J -- Karmouty-Quintana, Harry -- Blackburn, Michael R -- Drouin, Scott M -- Davis, C William -- Terrell, Kristy A -- Grubb, Barbara R -- O'Neal, Wanda K -- Flores, Sonia C -- Cota-Gomez, Adela -- Lozupone, Catherine A -- Donnelly, Jody M -- Watson, Alan M -- Hennessy, Corinne E -- Keith, Rebecca C -- Yang, Ivana V -- Barthel, Lea -- Henson, Peter M -- Janssen, William J -- Schwartz, David A -- Boucher, Richard C -- Dickey, Burton F -- Evans, Christopher M -- CA016086/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA016672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA046934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- G1000450/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- K01 DK090285/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL108808/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL110873/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016086/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA046934/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK065988/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30DK065988/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL107168/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AA008769/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL080396/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097000/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL109517/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL114381/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jan 16;505(7483):412-6. doi: 10.1038/nature12807. Epub 2013 Dec 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2]. ; 1] University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 7011 Thurston-Bowles Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA [2]. ; 1] University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA [2]. ; University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; 1] University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur Colonia Tecnologico, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico. ; Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; 1] Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] University of Houston-Downtown, 1 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77002, USA. ; University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985910 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA. ; University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 27599, USA. ; University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. ; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 7011 Thurston-Bowles Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. ; University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA. ; 1] University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA [2] National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA. ; 1] University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24317696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asthma/immunology/metabolism ; Bacterial Infections/immunology/microbiology ; Cilia/physiology ; Ear, Middle/immunology/microbiology ; Female ; Inflammation/pathology ; Lung/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Macrophages/immunology/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Biological ; Mucin 5AC/deficiency/metabolism ; Mucin-5B/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism/secretion ; Phagocytosis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology/microbiology ; Respiratory Mucosa/*immunology/*metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/immunology ; Survival Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    ATLAS lifts the Cup: discovery of a new Milky Way satellite in Crater (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: We announce the discovery of a new Galactic companion found in data from the ESO VST ATLAS survey, and followed up with deep imaging on the 4-m William Herschel Telescope. The satellite is located in the constellation of Crater (the Cup) at a distance of ~170 kpc. Its half-light radius is r h = 30 pc and its luminosity is M V  = –5.5. The bulk of its stellar population is old and metal poor. We would probably have classified the newly discovered satellite as an extended globular cluster were it not for the presence of a handful of blue loop stars and a sparsely populated red clump. The existence of the core helium burning population implies that star formation occurred in Crater perhaps as recently as 400 Myr ago. No globular cluster has ever accomplished the feat of prolonging its star formation by several Gyr. Therefore, if our hypothesis that the blue bright stars in Crater are blue loop giants is correct, the new satellite should be classified as a dwarf galaxy with unusual properties. Note that only 10°to the north of Crater, two ultrafaint galaxies Leo IV and Leo V orbit the Galaxy at approximately the same distance. This hints that all three satellites may once have been closely associated before falling together into the Milky Way halo.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    A giant frog with South American affinities from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar (2008)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-19
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Ni(II) coordination to mixed sites modulates DNA binding of HpNikR via a long-range effect (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-26
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    A juvenile lizard specimen with well-preserved skin impressions from the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-10
    Print ISSN: 0028-1042
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1904
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Biomechanical assessment of evolutionary changes in the lepidosaurian skull (2009)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-04
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Ni(II) coordination to mixed sites modulates DNA binding of HpNikR via a long-range effect [Biochemistry] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-11
    Description: Helicobacter pylori NikR (HpNikR) is a nickel-dependent transcription factor that regulates multiple genes in the H. pylori pathogen. There are conflicting data regarding the locations of the Ni(II) sites and the role of Ni(II) coordination in DNA recognition. Herein, we report crystal structures of (i) the metal-binding domain (MBD) of HpNikR (3.08 Å) and (ii) a mutant, H74A (2.04 Å), designed to disrupt native Ni(II) coordination. In the MBD structure, four nickel ions are coordinated to two different types of nickel sites (4-coordinate, square planar, and 5/6-coordinate, square pyramidal/octahedral). In the H74A structure, all four nickel ions are coordinated to 4-coordinate square-planar sites. DNA-binding studies reveal tighter binding for target DNA sequences for holo-HpNikR compared with the affinities of Ni(II) reconstituted apo-HpNikR and H74A for these same DNA targets, supporting a role for Ni(II) coordination to 5/6 sites in DNA recognition. Small-angle X-ray scattering studies of holo-HpNikR and H74A reveal a high degree of conformational flexibility centered at the DNA-binding domains of H74A, which is consistent with disorder observed in the crystal structure of the protein. A model of DNA recognition by HpNikR is proposed in which Ni(II) coordination to specific sites in the MBD have a long-range effect on the flexibility of the DNA-binding domains and, consequently, the DNA recognition properties.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    A new lizard skull from the Purbeck Limestone Group (Lower Cretaceous) of England (2013)
    Societe Geologique de France (SGF)
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-10
    Description: The Purbeck Limestone Group of England has yielded a rich assemblage of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) vertebrate fossils, including one of the most diverse Early Cretaceous lizard assemblages on record. Here we describe the first articulated lizard skull from Purbeck. The specimen was rediscovered in the collections of the British Geological Survey, having been excavated at least a century ago. Although originally assigned to the Purbeck genus Paramacellodus , with which it shares maxillary and some dental characters, the new Purbeck skull differs from other Purbeck genera, including Paramacellodus , in frontal, pterygoid and maxillary morphology. It is here assigned to a new genus and species. Cladistic analysis groups it with Lacertoidea, unlike Paramacellodus , Becklesius and Parasaurillus which group with scincids and cordyliforms.
    Print ISSN: 0037-9409
    Electronic ISSN: 0037-9409
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Societe Geologique de France (SGF)
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