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  • 1
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    Number without a language model [Social Sciences] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-23
    Description: Cross-cultural studies suggest that access to a conventional language containing words that can be used for counting is essential to develop representations of large exact numbers. However, cultures that lack a conventional counting system typically differ from cultures that have such systems, not only in language but also in many other ways. As a result, it is difficult to isolate the effects of language on the development of number representations. Here we examine the numerical abilities of individuals who lack conventional language for number (deaf individuals who do not have access to a usable model for language, spoken or signed) but who live in a numerate culture (Nicaragua) and thus have access to other aspects of culture that might foster the development of number. These deaf individuals develop their own gestures, called homesigns, to communicate. We show that homesigners use gestures to communicate about number. However, they do not consistently extend the correct number of fingers when communicating about sets greater than three, nor do they always correctly match the number of items in one set to a target set when that target set is greater than three. Thus, even when integrated into a numerate society, individuals who lack input from a conventional language do not spontaneously develop representations of large exact numerosities.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    The pros and cons of the inversion method approach to derive 3D dust emission properties in the ISM: the Hi-GAL field centred on (l, b) = (30{degrees}, 0{degrees}) (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: Herschel far-infrared continuum data obtained as part of the Hi-GAL survey have been used, together with the GLIMPSE 8 μm and MIPSGAL 24 μm data, to attempt the first 3D-decomposition of dust emission associated with atomic, molecular and ionized gas at 15 arcmin angular resolution. Our initial test case is a 2 2 square degrees region centred on ( l , b ) = (30°, 0°), a direction that encompasses the origin point of the Scutum–Crux Arm at the tip of the Galactic Bar. Coupling the IR maps with velocity maps specific for different gas phases (H i 21cm, 12 CO and 13 CO, and radio recombination lines), we estimate the properties of dust blended with each of the gas components and at different Galactocentric distances along the line of sight (LOS). A statistical Pearson's coefficients analysis is used to study the correlation between the column densities estimated for each gas component and the intensity of the IR emission. This analysis provides evidence that the 2 2 square degree field under consideration is characterized by the presence of a gas component not accounted for by the standard tracers, possibly associated with warm H 2 and cold H i . We demonstrate that the IR radiation in the range 8 〈  〈 500 μm is systematically dominated by emission originating within the Scutum–Crux Arm. By applying an inversion method, we recover the dust emissivities associated with atomic, molecular and ionized gas. Using the DustEM model, we fit the spectral energy distributions for each gas phase, and find average dust temperatures of T d,H i  = 18.82 ± 0.47 K, T d,H 2  = 18.84 ± 1.06 K and T d,H ii  = 22.56 ± 0.64 K, respectively. We also obtain an indication for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons depletion in the diffuse ionized gas. We demonstrate the importance of including the ionized component in 3D-decompositions of the total IR emission. However, the main goal of this work is to discuss the impact of the missing column density associated with the dark gas component on the accurate evaluation of the dust properties, and to shed light on the limitations of the inversion method approach when this is applied to a small section of the Galactic plane and when the working resolution allows sufficient de-blending of the gas components along the LOS.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Diversity, Vol. 11, Pages 127: A Comparison of Systematic Quadrat and Capture-Mark-Recapture Sampling Designs for Assessing Freshwater Mussel Populations (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Diversity
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Our study objective was to compare the relative effectiveness and efficiency of quadrat and capture-mark-recapture (CMR) sampling designs for monitoring mussels. We collected data on a recently reintroduced population of federally endangered Epioblasma capsaeformis and two nonlisted, naturally occurring species—Actinonaias pectorosa and Medionidus conradicus—in the Upper Clinch River, Virginia, over two years using systematic quadrat and CMR sampling. Both sampling approaches produced similar estimates of abundance; however, precision of estimates varied between approaches, years, and among species, and further, quadrat sampling efficiency of mussels detectable on the substrate surface varied among species. CMR modeling revealed that capture probabilities for all three study species varied by time and were positively associated with shell length, that E. capsaeformis detection was influenced by sex, and that year-to-year apparent survival was high (〉96%) for reintroduced E. capsaeformis. We recommend that monitoring projects use systematic quadrat sampling when the objective is to estimate and detect trends in abundance for species of moderate to high densities (〉0.2/m2), whereas a CMR component should be incorporated when objectives include assessing reintroduced populations, obtaining reliable estimates of survival and recruitment, or producing unbiased population estimates for species of low to moderate densities (≤0.2/m2).
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-2818
    Topics: Biology
    Published by MDPI
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  • 4
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    Identification and characterization of a functional mitochondrial angiotensin system [Cell Biology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-07
    Description: The renin-angiotensin (Ang) system regulates multiple physiological functions through Ang II type 1 and type 2 receptors. Prior studies suggest an intracellular pool of Ang II that may be released in an autocrine manner upon stretch to activate surface membrane Ang receptors. Alternatively, an intracellular renin-Ang system has been proposed, with a primary focus on nuclear Ang receptors. A mitochondrial Ang system has not been previously described. Here we report that functional Ang II type 2 receptors are present on mitochondrial inner membranes and are colocalized with endogenous Ang. We demonstrate that activation of the mitochondrial Ang system is coupled to mitochondrial nitric oxide production and can modulate respiration. In addition, we present evidence of age-related changes in mitochondrial Ang receptor expression, i.e., increased mitochondrial Ang II type 1 receptor and decreased type 2 receptor density that is reversed by chronic treatment with the Ang II type 1 receptor blocker losartan. The presence of a functional Ang system in human mitochondria provides a foundation for understanding the interaction between mitochondria and chronic disease states and reveals potential therapeutic targets for optimizing mitochondrial function and decreasing chronic disease burden with aging.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Knowledge of number: its evolution and ontogeny (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carey, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 23;282(5389):641-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, New York University, New York NY 10003-6634, USA. sc50@is6.nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Infant ; Macaca mulatta/*psychology ; *Mathematics ; *Mental Processes ; Models, Psychological
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Big and mighty: preverbal infants mentally represent social dominance (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: Human infants face the formidable challenge of learning the structure of their social environment. Previous research indicates that infants have early-developing representations of intentional agents, and of cooperative social interactions, that help meet that challenge. Here we report five studies with 144 infant participants showing that 10- to 13-month-old, but not 8-month-old, infants recognize when two novel agents have conflicting goals, and that they use the agents' relative size to predict the outcome of the very first dominance contests between them. These results suggest that preverbal infants mentally represent social dominance and use a cue that covaries with it phylogenetically, and marks it metaphorically across human cultures and languages, to predict which of two agents is likely to prevail in a conflict of goals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860821/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860821/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomsen, Lotte -- Frankenhuis, Willem E -- Ingold-Smith, McCaila -- Carey, Susan -- 2 R01 HD038338/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD038338/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):477-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1199198.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Developmental Studies, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. lthomsen@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; Attention ; *Cognition ; Cues ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Learning ; Male ; *Social Dominance ; *Social Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Operational deployment of compressive sensing systems for seismic data acquisition (2017)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-28
    Description: Compressive sensing (CS) provides a new basis for sampling that can increase sampling efficiency for seismic data acquisition by an order of magnitude. A major challenge for this new technology is to show that theoretical increases in sampling efficiency can be translated to real efficiency gains in the field. Along with efficiency gains, data quality must be preserved in order to gain acceptance of a new acquisition technology. CS designs require solution of large optimization problems that are consistent with compressive sampling theory. We refer to our optimization framework for CS-based acquisition design and processing as compressive seismic imaging (CSI). We illustrate our CSI framework on example projects for ocean-bottom node, narrow-azimuth marine streamer, and land vibroseis acquisition. The ocean-bottom-node project was conducted in the UK North Sea during the difficult winter season. A CSI dual-source design was used to significantly reduce shooting time for this project. The project was completed on time, under budget, and with data quality that exceeded the quality of an overlapping uniformly sampled survey. The narrow-azimuth marine CSI survey project was acquired in offshore Australia for field development purposes. Nonuniform CSI sampling was used to increase sampling efficiency for both sources and cables, resulting in significant improvements in data quality and lateral resolution. The land vibroseis project was conducted on the North Slope of Alaska. In this case, the goal was to acquire a development survey of sufficient size within a short time window. Nonuniform CSI sampling was used to support the use of 10 or more vibrators shooting simultaneously, along with improving sampling efficiency for both sources and receivers. Compared to conventional designs, the CSI survey achieved an order of magnitude improvement in field acquisition efficiency and step-function improvements in data quality. These examples show that theoretical improvements in sampling efficiency from CS can make real and significant impacts on seismic data acquisition and processing.
    Print ISSN: 1070-485X
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-3789
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
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  • 8
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    Holocene eruptive activity of el chichon volcano, chiapas, Mexico (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-18
    Description: Geologic and radiometric-age data indicate that El Chichon was frequently and violently active during the Holocene, including eruptive episodes about 600, 1250, and 1700 years ago and several undated, older eruptions. These episodes, involving explosive eruptions of sulfur-rich magma and associated dome-growth processes, were apparently separated by intervals of approximately 350 to 650 years. Some of El Chichon's eruptions may correlate with unusual atmospheric phenomena around A.D. 1300 and possibly A.D. 623.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tilling, R I -- Rubin, M -- Sigurdsson, H -- Carey, S -- Duffield, W A -- Rose, W I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 18;224(4650):747-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17780623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Origin and Distribution of Holocene Temperate Carbonates, Hecate Strait, Western Canada Continental Shelf (1995)
    Society for Sedimentary Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-01
    Print ISSN: 1527-1404
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-3681
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society for Sedimentary Geology
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  • 10
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    Late Pleistocene Sequence Stratigraphy of the New Jersey Continental Shelf: ABSTRACT (1995)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists
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