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  • 1
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    SPARCL1 in prostate development and cancer [Medical Sciences] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-12
    Description: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among United States men. However, disease aggressiveness is varied, with low-grade disease often being indolent and high-grade cancer accounting for the greatest density of deaths. Outcomes are also disparate among men with high-grade prostate cancer, with upwards of 65% having...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    A role for the two-helix finger of the SecA ATPase in protein translocation (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-17
    Description: An important step in the biosynthesis of many proteins is their partial or complete translocation across the plasma membrane in prokaryotes or the endoplasmic reticulum membrane in eukaryotes. In bacteria, secretory proteins are generally translocated after completion of their synthesis by the interaction of the cytoplasmic ATPase SecA and a protein-conducting channel formed by the SecY complex. How SecA moves substrates through the SecY channel is unclear. However, a recent structure of a SecA-SecY complex raises the possibility that the polypeptide chain is moved by a two-helix finger domain of SecA that is inserted into the cytoplasmic opening of the SecY channel. Here we have used disulphide-bridge crosslinking to show that the loop at the tip of the two-helix finger of Escherichia coli SecA interacts with a polypeptide chain right at the entrance into the SecY pore. Mutagenesis demonstrates that a tyrosine in the loop is particularly important for translocation, but can be replaced by some other bulky, hydrophobic residues. We propose that the two-helix finger of SecA moves a polypeptide chain into the SecY channel with the tyrosine providing the major contact with the substrate, a mechanism analogous to that suggested for hexameric, protein-translocating ATPases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4354775/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4354775/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erlandson, Karl J -- Miller, Stephanie B M -- Nam, Yunsun -- Osborne, Andrew R -- Zimmer, Jochen -- Rapoport, Tom A -- R01 GM052586/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):984-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07439.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Disulfides/chemistry/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Transport ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tyrosine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    A structure-based mechanism for tRNA and retroviral RNA remodelling during primer annealing (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-12
    Description: To prime reverse transcription, retroviruses require annealing of a transfer RNA molecule to the U5 primer binding site (U5-PBS) region of the viral genome. The residues essential for primer annealing are initially locked in intramolecular interactions; hence, annealing requires the chaperone activity of the retroviral nucleocapsid (NC) protein to facilitate structural rearrangements. Here we show that, unlike classical chaperones, the Moloney murine leukaemia virus NC uses a unique mechanism for remodelling: it specifically targets multiple structured regions in both the U5-PBS and tRNA(Pro) primer that otherwise sequester residues necessary for annealing. This high-specificity and high-affinity binding by NC consequently liberates these sequestered residues--which are exactly complementary--for intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, NC utilizes a step-wise, entropy-driven mechanism to trigger both residue-specific destabilization and residue-specific release. Our structures of NC bound to U5-PBS and tRNA(Pro) reveal the structure-based mechanism for retroviral primer annealing and provide insights as to how ATP-independent chaperones can target specific RNAs amidst the cellular milieu of non-target RNAs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Sarah B -- Yildiz, F Zehra -- Lo, Jennifer A -- Wang, Bo -- D'Souza, Victoria M -- England -- Nature. 2014 Nov 27;515(7528):591-5. doi: 10.1038/nature13709. Epub 2014 Sep 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057, USA. [3]. ; 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2]. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25209668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Humans ; *Models, Molecular ; *Moloney murine leukemia virus/chemistry/genetics ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; *Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *RNA, Transfer/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcription/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Growth Factors in Regulation of Renal Growth (1993)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 55 (1993), S. 305-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.55.030193.001513
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
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    Insulin-like growth factor I accelerates recovery from ischemic acute tubular necrosis in the rat. (1992)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-12-15
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Strong regional atmospheric 14C signature of respired CO2 observed from a tall tower over the mid-western United States (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-11
    Description: Radiocarbon in CO 2 ( 14 CO 2 ) measurements can aid in discriminating between fast (〈1 year) and slower (〉5-10 years) cycling of C between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere due to the 14 C disequilibrium between atmospheric and terrestrial C. However, 14 CO 2 in the atmosphere is typically much more strongly impacted by fossil fuel emissions of CO 2 , and, thus, observations often provide little additional constraints on respiratory flux estimates at regional scales. Here, we describe a dataset of 14 CO 2 observations from a tall tower in northern Wisconsin (USA) where fossil fuel influence is far enough removed that, during the summer months, the biospheric component of the 14 CO 2 budget dominates. We find that the terrestrial biosphere is responsible for a significant contribution to 14 CO 2 that is 2-3 times higher than predicted by the CASA terrestrial ecosystem model for observations made in 2010. This likely includes a substantial contribution from the North American Boreal ecoregion, but transported biospheric emissions from outside the model domain cannot be ruled out. The 14 CO 2 enhancement also appears somewhat decreased in observations made over subsequent years, suggesting that 2010 may be anomalous. With these caveats acknowledged, we discuss the implications of the observation/model comparison in terms of possible systematic biases in the model vs short-term anomalies in the observations. Going forward, this isotopic signal could be exploited as an important indicator to better constrain both the long-term carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems and the short-term impact of disturbance-based loss of carbon to the atmosphere.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Ecological processes dominate the 13C land disequilibrium in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-14
    Description: Fossil fuel combustion has increased atmospheric CO 2 by ≈ 115 µmol mol -1 since 1750, and decreased its carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C) by 1.7-2 ‰ (the 13 C Suess effect). Because carbon is stored in the terrestrial biosphere for decades and longer, the δ 13 C of CO 2 released by terrestrial ecosystems is expected to differ from the δ 13 C of CO 2 assimilated by land plants during photosynthesis. This isotopic difference between land-atmosphere respiration (δ R ) and photosynthetic assimilation (δ A ) fluxes gives rise to the 13 C land disequilibrium (D). Contemporary understanding suggests that over annual and longer time scales, D is determined primarily by the Suess effect, and thus D is generally positive (δ R  〉 δ A ). A seven-year record of biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange was used to evaluate the seasonality of δ A and δ R , and the 13 C land disequilibrium, in a subalpine conifer forest. A novel isotopic mixing model was employed to determine the δ 13 C of net land-atmosphere exchange during day and night, and combined with tower-based flux observations to assess δ A and δ R . The disequilibrium varied seasonally, and when flux-weighted was opposite in sign than expected from the Suess effect (D = -0.75 ± 0.21 ‰ or -0.88 ± 0.10 ‰ depending on method). Seasonality in D appeared to be driven by photosynthetic discrimination (Δ canopy ) responding to environmental factors. Possible explanations for negative D include: 1) changes in Δ canopy over decades as CO 2 and temperature have risen, and/or 2) post-photosynthetic fractionation processes leading to sequestration of isotopically-enriched carbon in long-lived pools like wood and soil.
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Assessing fossil fuel CO 2 emissions in California using atmospheric observations and models (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-01
    Description: Analysis systems incorporating atmospheric observations could provide a powerful tool for validating fossil fuel CO 2 (ffCO 2 ) emissions reported for individual regions, provided that fossil fuel sources can be separated from other CO 2 sources or sinks and atmospheric transport can be accurately accounted for. We quantified ffCO 2 by measuring radiocarbon ( 14 C) in CO 2 , an accurate fossil-carbon tracer, at nine observation sites in California for three months in 2014–15. There is strong agreement between the measurements and ffCO 2 simulated using a high-resolution atmospheric model and a spatiotemporally-resolved fossil fuel flux estimate. Inverse estimates of total in-state ffCO 2 emissions are consistent with the California Air Resources Board’s reported ffCO 2 emissions, providing tentative validation of California’s reported ffCO 2 emissions in 2014–15. Continuing this prot...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 9
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    Role of Growth Factors in Regulation of Renal Growth (1993)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0066-4278
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-1585
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Annual Reviews
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