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  • 1
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    Oxygen isotope measurements of seawater ( H218O/ H216O): A comparison of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: Laser-based spectroscopic techniques, such as cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), provide a new, cost effective and more widely available approach to measure the oxygen isotope ratio in water molecules, 18 O/ 16 O (δ 18 O), and are used increasingly to measure δ 18 O in the world's oceans. Here, we present results from an interlaboratory comparison designed to evaluate the quality of CRDS-derived measurements, and their consistency with values measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). We also discuss the influence of salt on instrument performance and sample throughput for the analysis of seawater samples. This study compared measurements of δ 18 O from natural samples with a wide range of salinities (0, 29.4, and 34.6) performed by four independent labs: two using CRDS and two using IRMS. We also compared δ 18 O measurements of Northeast Atlantic Deep Water collected in 2013, 2012, 2009, and 1995 from the AR7W repeat hydrography transect across the Labrador Sea. The within-lab precision of ocean-based CRDS measurements is seen to approach 0.03‰, which is better than the manufacturer's typically stated analytical precision (around +/− 0.05‰), and comparable to that achievable with IRMS. The interlaboratory differences of measurements (highest-lowest) reported by the four labs is taken as an indicator of overall accuracy, and is estimated conservatively as being 〈 0.1‰, with the potential to approach 0.05‰. Overall, these results show that CRDS based 18 O measurements of seawater can be equivalent to high-quality measurements by IRMS.
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-5856
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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  • 2
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    The effect of pressure on thermal diffusivity in pyroxenes (2011)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-10
    Description: The thermal diffusivity of diopside, jadeite and enstatite were measured at simultaneous pressures and temperatures of up to 7 GPa and 1200 K using the X-radiographic Angstrom method. The measurements herein show that the pressure dependency of thermal diffusivity in pyroxenes is significantly greater than in olivine or garnet and that in the MORB-layer of a subducting slab the thermal diffusivity of pyroxenes are a factor of 1.5 greater than that of olivine. The temperature dependence of all the data sets is well described by a low-order polynomial fit to 1/{kappa} and the pressure dependence is exponential in 1/{kappa}, formulations which are consistent with the damped harmonic oscillator model for thermal properties.
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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  • 3
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    Linear structures in the core of the Coma cluster of galaxies (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-21
    Description: The hot x-ray-emitting plasma in galaxy clusters is predicted to have turbulent motion, which can contribute around 10% of the cluster's central energy density. We report deep Chandra X-ray Observatory observations of the Coma cluster core, showing the presence of quasi-linear high-density arms spanning 150 kiloparsecs, consisting of low-entropy material that was probably stripped from merging subclusters. Two appear to be connected with a subgroup of galaxies at a 650-kiloparsec radius that is merging into the cluster, implying coherence over several hundred million years. Such a long lifetime implies that strong isotropic turbulence and conduction are suppressed in the core, despite the unrelaxed state of the cluster. Magnetic fields are presumably responsible. The structures seen in Coma present insight into the past billion years of subcluster merger activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanders, J S -- Fabian, A C -- Churazov, E -- Schekochihin, A A -- Simionescu, A -- Walker, S A -- Werner, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1365-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1238334.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. jsanders@mpe.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24052301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Cooperative organization of inorganic-surfactant and biomimetic assemblies (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-24
    Description: A model that makes use of the cooperative organization of inorganic and organic molecular species into three dimensionally structured arrays is generalized for the synthesis of nanocomposite materials. In this model, the properties and structure of a system are determined by dynamic interplay among ion-pair inorganic and organic species, so that different phases can be readily obtained through small variations of controllable synthesis parameters, including mixture composition and temperature. Nucleation, growth, and phase transitions may be directed by the charge density, coordination, and steric requirements of the inorganic and organic species at the interface and not necessarily by a preformed structure. A specific example is presented in which organic molecules in the presence of multiply charged silicate oligomers self-assemble into silicatropic liquid crystals. The organization of these silicate-surfactant mesophases is investigated with and without interfacial silicate condensation to separate the effects of self-assembly from the kinetics of silicate polymerization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Firouzi, A -- Kumar, D -- Bull, L M -- Besier, T -- Sieger, P -- Huo, Q -- Walker, S A -- Zasadzinski, J A -- Glinka, C -- Nicol, J -- GM 47334/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 24;267(5201):1138-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7855591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Benzene Derivatives/chemistry ; Cetrimonium Compounds/*chemistry ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Freeze Fracturing ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Methylamines/chemistry ; Micelles ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Structure ; Silicates/*chemistry ; Surface-Active Agents/*chemistry ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    The X-ray coronae of the two brightest galaxies in the Coma cluster (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-01
    Description: We use deep Chandra X-ray Observatory observations to examine the coronae of the two brightest cluster galaxies in the Coma cluster of galaxies, NGC 4874 and NGC 4889. We find that NGC 4889 hosts a central depression in X-ray surface brightness consistent with a cavity or pair of cavities of radius 0.6 kpc. If the central cavity is associated with an active galactic nuclei (AGN) outburst and contains relativistic material, its enthalpy should be around 5 10 55 erg. The implied heating power of this cavity would be around an order of magnitude larger than the energy lost by X-ray emission. It would be the smallest and youngest known cavity in a brightest cluster galaxy and the lack of over pressuring implies heating is still gentle. In contrast, NGC 4874 does not show any evidence for cavities, although it hosts a well-known wide-angle-tail radio source which is visible outside the region occupied by the X-ray corona. These two galaxies show that AGN feedback can behave in varied ways in the same cluster environment.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applied studies on immobilized titanium dioxide films ascatalysts for the photoelectrochemical detoxification of water (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 27 (1997), S. 385-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Preliminary results are presented on the photochemical and photoelectrochemical degradation of aqueous organic solutions by anodic, thermal and sol–gel TiO2 films. The films were tested in a photochemical falling film reactor, and a photochemical/photoelectrochemical vortex reactor, and preliminary results are presented on the degradation of a range of model organics using these reactors. The former showed the best mass transport characteristics and most efficient light usage, whilst the latter reactor clearly showed the efficacy of the electric field enhancement effect. The results on the vortex reactor effectively represent a proof-of-concept of the electric field enhancement approach in large scale photoelectrochemical reactors. From time to time it is necessary to recoat the substrates, and the importance of the procedure adopted to remove ’old‘ TiO2 films prior to the fabrication of ‘new’ films is highlighted, as well as the mode of operation of the sol–gel films, and problems encountered in reactor design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018453402332
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of thiocyanate on nitrosation of amines (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 248 (1974), S. 601-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FIG. 1 Initial rate of reaction of N-methylaniline (0.1 mM) and sodium nitrite (0.1 mM) with various concentrations of sodium thiocyanate against pH at 25 C. a, thiocyanate absent; b, 0.025 mM thiocyanate; c, 0.1 mM thiocyanate; d, 0.25 mM thiocyanate; e, 1.0 mM thiocyanate. The volume of saliva ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/248601a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic mapping and functional analysis of a nodulation-defective mutant (sym19) of pea (Pisum sativum L.) (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 262 (1999), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Root nodule ; ENOD12 ; Rhizobium ; Sym19 ; Symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pea mutant line P55 is defective in root nodule formation, and this phenotype is controlled by a single recessive gene. Complementation analysis revealed that the mutation in P55 is allelic to sym19, which has previously been mapped to linkage group I. Detailed mapping revealed that the sym19 and ENOD40 loci are separated by 2.7 cM. We identified four recombination events, demonstrating that the nodulation defect caused by mutation of the sym19 locus cannot be due to mutation of ENOD40. RT-PCR experiments showed that P55 expresses ENOD12A, but there was little or no increase in the level of its transcript in response to Nod factor or infection with Rhizobium. To investigate this expression pattern further, transgenic peas carrying a pENOD12A-GUS reporter construct were made. One transgenic line was crossed with line P55, to generate F2 progeny homozygous for sym19 and carrying pENOD12A-GUS. In both WT and sym19 mutant lines, ENOD12A-GUS expression was induced at sites of lateral root emergence in uninoculated plants. In Nod+ plants pENOD12A-GUS was induced in response to Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, but no such induction was seen in the Nod− (sym19) mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051053
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anionic syntheses of terminally functionalized ethylene oligomers (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 4205-4226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthetic procedures for preparation of terminally functionalized linear ethylene oligomers are described. The preferred synthetic method is anionic oligomerization of ethylene with n-butyllithium-tetramethylethylenediamine and electrophilic substitution of the living oligomer so-formed. Conditions and procedures for subsequent chemistry to elaborate the end groups of these oligomers are described. These procedures afford strictly linear ethylene oligomers which contain a wide variety of end groups and which range in molecular weight from 1000 to 4500 (Mn). The product oligomers were characterized spectroscopically as toluene-d8 solutions at 110°C using multinuclear NMR, FT-IR, fluorescence, and UV-visible spectroscopies as appropriate. Alternative stepwise approaches to such oligomers are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080271226
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  • 10
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    The frequencies of calcium oscillations are optimized for efficient calcium-mediated activation of Ras and the ERK/MAPK cascade (2005)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-12
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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