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  • 1
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    Genome expansion and gene loss in powdery mildew fungi reveal tradeoffs in extreme parasitism (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: Powdery mildews are phytopathogens whose growth and reproduction are entirely dependent on living plant cells. The molecular basis of this life-style, obligate biotrophy, remains unknown. We present the genome analysis of barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Blumeria), as well as a comparison with the analysis of two powdery mildews pathogenic on dicotyledonous plants. These genomes display massive retrotransposon proliferation, genome-size expansion, and gene losses. The missing genes encode enzymes of primary and secondary metabolism, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and transporters, probably reflecting their redundancy in an exclusively biotrophic life-style. Among the 248 candidate effectors of pathogenesis identified in the Blumeria genome, very few (less than 10) define a core set conserved in all three mildews, suggesting that most effectors represent species-specific adaptations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spanu, Pietro D -- Abbott, James C -- Amselem, Joelle -- Burgis, Timothy A -- Soanes, Darren M -- Stuber, Kurt -- Ver Loren van Themaat, Emiel -- Brown, James K M -- Butcher, Sarah A -- Gurr, Sarah J -- Lebrun, Marc-Henri -- Ridout, Christopher J -- Schulze-Lefert, Paul -- Talbot, Nicholas J -- Ahmadinejad, Nahal -- Ametz, Christian -- Barton, Geraint R -- Benjdia, Mariam -- Bidzinski, Przemyslaw -- Bindschedler, Laurence V -- Both, Maike -- Brewer, Marin T -- Cadle-Davidson, Lance -- Cadle-Davidson, Molly M -- Collemare, Jerome -- Cramer, Rainer -- Frenkel, Omer -- Godfrey, Dale -- Harriman, James -- Hoede, Claire -- King, Brian C -- Klages, Sven -- Kleemann, Jochen -- Knoll, Daniela -- Koti, Prasanna S -- Kreplak, Jonathan -- Lopez-Ruiz, Francisco J -- Lu, Xunli -- Maekawa, Takaki -- Mahanil, Siraprapa -- Micali, Cristina -- Milgroom, Michael G -- Montana, Giovanni -- Noir, Sandra -- O'Connell, Richard J -- Oberhaensli, Simone -- Parlange, Francis -- Pedersen, Carsten -- Quesneville, Hadi -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Rott, Matthias -- Sacristan, Soledad -- Schmidt, Sarah M -- Schon, Moritz -- Skamnioti, Pari -- Sommer, Hans -- Stephens, Amber -- Takahara, Hiroyuki -- Thordal-Christensen, Hans -- Vigouroux, Marielle -- Wessling, Ralf -- Wicker, Thomas -- Panstruga, Ralph -- BB/E0009831/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E002803/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/H001948/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1543-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1194573.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK. p.spanu@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Ascomycota/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Enzymes/genetics/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Deletion ; *Genes, Fungal ; *Genome, Fungal ; Hordeum/*microbiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Plant Diseases/*microbiology ; Retroelements ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    ADAM: automated data management for research datasets (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-21
    Description: Existing repositories for experimental datasets typically capture snapshots of data acquired using a single experimental technique and often require manual population and continual curation. We present a storage system for heterogeneous research data that performs dynamic automated indexing to provide powerful search, discovery and collaboration features without the restrictions of a structured repository. ADAM is able to index many commonly used file formats generated by laboratory assays and therefore offers specific advantages to the experimental biology community. However, it is not domain specific and can promote sharing and re-use of working data across scientific disciplines. Availability and implementation: ADAM is implemented using Java and supported on Linux. It is open source under the GNU General Public License v3.0. Installation instructions, binary code, a demo system and virtual machine image and are available at http://www.imperial.ac.uk/bioinfsupport/resources/software/adam . Contact: m.woodbridge@imperial.ac.uk
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Structural requirements for protein-catalyzed annealing of U4 and U6 RNAs during di-snRNP assembly (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-20
    Description: Base-pairing of U4 and U6 snRNAs during di-snRNP assembly requires large-scale remodeling of RNA structure that is chaperoned by the U6 snRNP protein Prp24. We investigated the mechanism of U4/U6 annealing in vitro using an assay that enables visualization of ribonucleoprotein complexes and faithfully recapitulates known in vivo determinants for the process. We find that annealing, but not U6 RNA binding, is highly dependent on the electropositive character of a 20 Å-wide groove on the surface of Prp24. During annealing, we observe the formation of a stable ternary complex between U4 and U6 RNAs and Prp24, indicating that displacement of Prp24 in vivo requires additional factors. Mutations that stabilize the U6 ‘telestem’ helix increase annealing rates by up to 15-fold, suggesting that telestem formation is rate-limiting for U4/U6 pairing. The Lsm2–8 complex, which binds adjacent to the telestem at the 3' end of U6, provides a comparable rate enhancement. Collectively, these data identify domains of the U6 snRNP that are critical for one of the first steps in assembly of the megaDalton U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP complex, and lead to a dynamic model for U4/U6 pairing that involves a striking degree of evolved cooperativity between protein and RNA.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Characterization of the kinetic and thermodynamic landscape of RNA folding using a novel application of isothermal titration calorimetry (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-14
    Description: A novel isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) method was applied to investigate RNA helical packing driven by the GAAA tetraloop–receptor interaction in magnesium and potassium solutions. Both the kinetics and thermodynamics were obtained in individual ITC experiments, and analysis of the kinetic data over a range of temperatures provided Arrhenius activation energies ( H ) and Eyring transition state entropies ( S ). The resulting rich dataset reveals strongly contrasting kinetic and thermodynamic profiles for this RNA folding system when stabilized by potassium versus magnesium. In potassium, association is highly exothermic ( H 25°C = –41.6 ± 1.2 kcal/mol in 150 mM KCl) and the transition state is enthalpically barrierless ( H = –0.6 ± 0.5). These parameters are sigificantly positively shifted in magnesium ( H 25°C = –20.5 ± 2.1 kcal/mol, H = 7.3 ± 2.2 kcal/mol in 0.5 mM MgCl 2 ). Mixed salt solutions approximating physiological conditions exhibit an intermediate thermodynamic character. The cation-dependent thermodynamic landscape may reflect either a salt-dependent unbound receptor conformation, or alternatively and more generally, it may reflect a small per-cation enthalpic penalty associated with folding-coupled magnesium uptake.
    Keywords: RNA characterisation and manipulation
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    RSV structure revealed by cryo-ET [Microbiology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: Human respiratory syncytial virus is a human pathogen that causes severe infection of the respiratory tract. Current information about the structure of the virus and its interaction with host cells is limited. We carried out an electron cryotomographic characterization of cell culture-grown human respiratory syncytial virus to determine the architecture...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    ADAM: automated data management for research datasets (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-29
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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