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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 26 (1988), S. 183-201 
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Experiments were conducted under growth-chamber conditions to determine if Pratylenchus penetrans systemically alters light use efficiency (LUE) of Russet Burbank potato infected by Verticillium dahliae. Pathogen separation was achieved by inoculating potato roots with the nematode prior to injecting fungal conidia into the stem vasculature. Treatments were P. penetrans alone, V. dahliae alone, nematode and fungus together, and a no-pathogen control. Gas exchange was repeatedly and nondestructively measured on the fifth-youngest leaf with a Li-Cor LI-6200 portable photosynthesis system. By 16 and 20 days after stem injection with the fungus, LUE was synergistically impaired in jointly infected plants. Transpiration in plants infected with both pathogens was significantly reduced. However, the combined effect of nematode and fungus was synergistic in one experiment and additive in the other. Stems were destructively harvested when LUE was synergistically impaired. Coinfected potato plants contained more colony-forming units (CFU) of V. dahliae in stem sap than those infected by the fungus alone in one experiment. Evidence is provided that infection of Russet Burbank roots by P. penetrans systemically affects disease physiology associated with stem vascular infection by V. dahliae. The findings indicate that the role of the nematode in the fungus/host interaction is more than simply to facilitate extravascular and/or vascular entry of the fungus into potato roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: disease resistance ; early dying disease ; Verticillium dahliae ; Solanum spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Verticillium dahliae causes potato (Solanum tuberosum) early dying disease. Interspecific hybrids containingS. tuberosum, S. berthaultii, S. bukasovii, S. chacoense, S. gourlayi, S. sparsipilum andS. tarijense were identified with resistance toV. dahliae. Clones were grown in replicated trials for three years in a plot containing approximately 50 colony forming units (cfu)V. dahliae per g soil. Clones were evaluated for vine maturity, early dying symptoms and stem colonization. Five resistant 2x clones were identified with early maturity and low levels of stem colonization. A single maturity score and one disease score, each obtained in mid-August, were sufficient to distinguish among clones. An effective threshold level for considering a stem to be infected was determined to be 25 cfu/100 μl sap. Early dying symptoms did not correlate strongly with stem colonization. Numerous stems must be sampled when making resistance assessments. The average cfu/100 μl sap correlated strongly with the number of infected stems.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Canopy enclosure ; stomatal conductance ; light response curve ; light use efficiency ; photosynthesis ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; transpiration ; water use efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Aardappelplanten (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv.Saturna werden onderworpen aan stress als gevolg vanVerticillium dahliae en droogte. In vroege stadia van de groei werden stomataire geleiding, transpiratie en netto fotosynthese bij lichtverzadiging (PAR〉300 W m−2) gemeten aan individuele bladeren en met een mobiel instrumentarium met behulp van gewaskappen. Er werden geen significante verschillen gevonden in de waarden van de stomataire geleiding en de gasuitwisslingskarakteristieken als gevolg vanV. dahliae-besmetting tot een maand na opkomst. Daarna leidde infectie metV. dahliae tot een afname van de stomataire geleiding, transpiratie en netto fotosynthese, speciaal bij oudere bladeren en bij planten die meer aan zonlicht waren blootgesteld. Soms vertoondeV. dahliae interactie met droogte en bleken beide effecten minder dan optelbaar. De hoge waarden van de variatiecoëfficiënten maakten een groot aantal metingen per behandeling noodzakelijk; dit was vooral het geval bij metV. dahliae geïnfecteerde planten hetgeen aantoont datV. dahliae vooral in het begin van de groei niet alle bladeren in gelijke mate aantast. Door de matigende invloed van de integratie van alle bladlagen en mogelijk doordat de bovenste bladeren werden gestimuleerd, werd de totale gewasfotosynthese in mindere mate beïnvloed doorV. dahliae dan de individuele bladfotosynthese. De bovenste niet geïnfecteerde bladeren bleken verantwoordelijk voor het grootste gedeelte van de gewas-fotosynthese. De resultaten tonen aan, dat volgend op een infectie metV. dahliae, de fotosynthese reeds in een vroeg stadium van de groei wordt verminderd als een gevolg van droogtestress in de bladeren.
    Notes: Abstract Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants cv.Saturna were subjected to infection withVerticillium dahliae and drought stress. At the early stages of growth, stomatal conductance, transpiration and net photosynthesis were measured at light saturation (PAR〉300 m−2) on individual leaves and with mobile field equipment with the aid of field enclosures. No significant changes in stomatal conductance and gas exchange characteristics occurred as a result ofV. dahliae instomatal conductance, transpiration and and photosynthetic rates, especially on older leaves and on plants exposed to direct sunlight for a longer period of time. In combination with drought,V. dahliae only occasionally showed interaction; their effects being less than additive. High values of coefficients of variatoon necessitated a high number of measurements per treatment; the more so in the inoculated plants which shows thatV. dahliae seems to affect certain leaves while not affecting others early in growth. Crop photosynthesis was less reduced byV. dahliae than individual leaf photosynthesis due to the levelling effect of integration over the whole canopy and possibly through a stimulation of the top leaves. The upper non-affected leaves are responsible for the bulk of photosynthetic crop activity. The results indicate that following an infection withV. dahliae photosynthesis is reduced early in growth as a result of drought stress in the leaves.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Solanum tuberosum L.) leaves infected by the fungus Verticillium dahliae (Kleb) and the nematode Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, Sher, Allen) have not been fully researched. Two growth chamber experiments were undertaken to determine the factors contributing to the decrease in CO2 exchange rates of young, fully expanded leaflets of potato (cv. Russet Burbank) plants grown in pots infested with P. Penetrans and/or V. dahliae. Treatments were P. penetrans-infested soil, V. dahliae-infested soil, soil infested with both the nematode and the fungus, and a noninfested control. Leaf CO2 response curves were measured at early (16 d after inoculation [DAI]) and late (42 DAI) stages of infection for all treatments at saturating light (1500 μmol m-2 s-1 of photosynthetically active radiation [PAR] using a portable photosynthesis system. Carbon dioxide exchange rates were also measured at 1000, 400, and 200 μmol m-2 s-1 PAR to determine leaf light response. At ambient CO2 concentration, concomitant infection by both pathogens significantly reduced C assimilation rate (A) and light use efficiency (μmoles CO2 fixed per μmol of light used), and increased the intercellular CO2 (Ci) of these young leaves at 42 DAI, but not at 16 DAI. Infection by either pathogen alone had little or no effect on the leaf gas exchange parameters. Analysis of the curve relating A and Ci showed that either treatment alone did not change the initial slope of the curve at 16 DAI. A significant reduction in both the initial slope of A vs. Ci curves and A at Ci = 500 μmol mol-1 in the jointly infected plants were noticeable at 42 DAI indicating that nonstomatal effects could explain the reduction in C assimilation rate at this late stage of disease infection. Leaf patchiness might also be a contributing factor to this phenomena in the leaves of the jointly infected plants.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1988-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0066-4286
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-2107
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Annual Reviews
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