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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HOW DID THE WEALTHIEST AUSTRALIANS GET SO RICH? (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 40 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Two hundred sixty-three of the largest Australian fortunes are classified by date and industry of origination. More began in property development, sheep ranching and clothing manufacturing than in other industries. First generation immigrants own more than twice the number of fortunes as would be expected on the basis of their proportion of the population. A panel of experts judged that three-quarters of the fortunes originated in competitive industries. One explanation for large fortunes accumulating in competitive industries is extraordinary returns to disequilibrium (innovation and product differentiation). Other explanations include the assumption of risk and the return to scarce entrepreneurial and managerial skills. Progress in communication and transport technology have made it possible to leverage modest Ricardian rents into large profits via chain operations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1994.tb00058.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Globalisation and Consumer Protection in East Asia: is it a zero sum game? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Asian Pacific economic literature 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8411
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The provision of comprehensive consumer protection legislation is not high on the policy agenda in most developing economies, given what are seen to be more urgent economic and social goals such as encouraging economic growth and the eradication of poverty and illiteracy. Yet large welfare losses can occur as a result of market failure due to the significant information asymmetries that usually exist in developing economies, with buyers being at the mercy of much better informed sellers. It is time to overcome this problem through education, legislation and the creation of appropriate bureaucratic institutions. However, through globalisation the market itself may be able to achieve a greater degree of consumer protection, certainly in the short term, than would otherwise be achieved in the absence of such forces. While globalisation may create problems, it provides an opportunity to solve some consumer protection problems—a benefit from globalisation not previously highlighted. This article suggests that the nations of East Asia seek a regional consensus on developing a culture for consumer protection and on the implementation of consumer protection laws and enforcement procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-8411.2003.00130.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breach of Contract and the New Remedy of Account of Profits (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Abacus 38 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6281
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper outlines the general loss–based damages rule when a breach of contract is established, in light of the competing policy objectives of enhancing contract rights v efficient breach. The economic premises behind the theory of efficient breach are briefly discussed. The paper then summarizes the legal background to the House of Lords decision Attorney–General v Blake and Another[2000] 3 WLR 625 where it was ruled that in exceptional cases the plaintiff who has suffered no loss as a result of the breach may recover the resultant profits that the defendant has gained. The court was reluctant to specify fixed rules as to when the discretion should be exercised. The article concludes that the remedy was specifically devised for Blake’s case and will have extremely limited application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6281.00115
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magazine Subscription Discounts in Australia (1997)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 12 (1997), S. 555-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The Australian magazine publishing industry is an extremely rivalrous oligopoly, with publishers competing through the constant introduction of new titles, give-aways, editorial content, paper quality, and the use of color, although price competition in the form of direct cutting of cover prices is rare. Magazine cover prices are well-known internationally for their “stickiness”, but subscription sales frequently offer readers a substantial saving over the cover price. This paper investigates the influences of several supply and demand factors on subscription rates, and concludes that there appear to be several systematic influences on subscription savings, including issue frequency, cover price, circulation and size of the publisher.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007789424342
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1990)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 5 (1990), S. 159-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02284681
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of government purchases on market performance in Australia (1984)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 1 (1984), S. 94-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the role which federal, state and local governments can play as large buyers in influencing the behavior of sellers in markets. While the available data make it impossible to draw unambiguous conclusions, the evidence is consistent with the possibility that theAustralian Commonwealth (federal) Government has used its market position as a large buyer to encourage competitive behavior, especially in highly concentrated industries. The local preference buying policies of state and local governments, however, may have augmented the effects of market power. The results suggest strongly that omission of variables representing the buying side of markets will lead to misspecification of structure-performance models, and indicate that government purchases could at appropriate times be used in addition to antitrust action, in order to improve market performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02354346
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Horizontal price agreements in Australian antitrust: Combatting anti-competitive corporate conspiracies of complicity and connivance (1994)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 9 (1994), S. 569-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Collusion ; price-fixing ; authorization ; exemptions ; principles ; penalties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract When the Trade Practices Act came into operation in 1974, Australian executives, for whom price-fixing had previously been commonplace, faced the prospect of having to abandon their usual methods of doing business. However, with no criminal penalties and a maximum monetary penalty of $250,000 (changed to $10m only in 1993), and with little social antagonism towards cartels, there were no significant incentives for firms to act independently. Yet while relatively few major price-fixing cases have been instituted, and no defendant has paid a major monetary penalty, there nevertheless has been a change in business attitudes towards price-fixing. It is not easy to provide a systematic characterization of either the products, firms, markets or justifications which have featured in these cases. To avoid being found guilty in the absence of “smoking gun” evidence, the courts have established that firms need only show that their behavior was consistent with ordinary commercial conduct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029978
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Australian merger guidelines: A comparison with the U.S. merger guidelines (1993)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 8 (1993), S. 211-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Mergers ; merger guidelines ; market definition ; demand substitution ; geographic boundaries ; potential suppliers ; barriers to entry ; market share ; Herfindahl Hirschman Index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Modern Australian antitrust had not begun when the first U.S. merger guidelines appeared in 1968. Even now, twenty five years later, no similarly detailed, formal administrative guidelines have been developed in Australia. This paper reviews the way in which the AustralianTrade Practices Act 1974 handles mergers and market definition, and considers how the Courts and the Trade Practices Commission, Australia's sole antitrust enforcement agency, have handled market definition and evaluated mergers. The key role played by the Trade Practices Tribunal, a quasi-judicial body, in influencing the Australian approach to mergers and market definition is highlighted. Contrasts are made with the 1992 American guidelines, and reasons for the different approaches are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01034179
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty years of modern antitrust in Australia: She'll be right, mate (1994)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 9 (1994), S. 459-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Australian antitrust ; antitrust history ; Hilmer report ; enforcement ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029973
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of domestic and foreign competition on performance in Australian manufacturing industries (1980)
    Springer
    Atlantic economic journal 8 (1980), S. 62-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9678
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary and Conclusions This study investigated the role of both domestic structural factors and tariff protection in explaining inter-industry differences in profitability in Australian manufacturing industries. At no stage did concentration have a significant effect on profitability at the four-digit level of analysis, in comparison to its observed significant positive effect at the three-digit level. Other structural factors appear to be more important in explaining inter-industry variations in profitability in Australia. The effective tariff rate was negatively associated with profitability, the relationship notably being more highly significant in those industries enjoying higher than average tariff protection. It is suggested that this negative relationship for Australia may be due to a similar phenomenon noted in relation to Canadian manufacturing, namely that tariff protection has led to the permanent creation of too many sub-optimal production units, resulting in lower efficiency and decreased profits. A reduction in the effective rate of tariff protection given to high cost Australian manufacturing industries may therefore yield greater efficiency, as well as at the same time permitting the possibility of increased potential and actual foreign competition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02300515
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