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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Starch determination by perchloric acid vs enzymes: evaluating the accuracy and precision of six colorimetric methods (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 39 (1991), S. 2-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00001a001
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root volume as a grading criterion to improve field performance of Douglas-fir seedlings (1991)
    Springer
    New forests 5 (1991), S. 195-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: seedling morphology ; target seedling ; root fibrosity ; planting ; nursery practice ; seedling quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three seed sources of 2+0 Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] seedlings were graded into three root-volume categories (〈9, 9–13, and 〉13 cm3) and outplanted to determine (i) differences in survival and growth after one and two growing seasons in the field, (ii) relationship(s) of seedling height after one and two seasons to preplanting nursery root volume, total fresh weight, root-collar diameter, and height, and (iii) differences in field performance due to fertilization at planting. Field survival was 〉90% among all root-volume categories. Seedlings in the largest category grew significantly better than those in the smaller two categories over two seasons. Apparently, a population of seedlings having a large proportion of high root volumes will outperform a population having a large proportion of low root volumes in the field. Fertilization at the time of planting had no effect on survival or growth because of shallow placement of the fertilizer pellet. The results suggest that targeting root volume, as well as height and diameter, is worthwhile where morphological quality must be maximized to improve field performance. Thus, root volume has potential for use as a criterion for grading seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028111
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil water stress: Its effects on phenology, physiology, and morphology of containerized Douglas-fir seedlings (1996)
    Springer
    New forests 12 (1996), S. 19-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: vector analysis ; nursery irrigation ; seedling quality ; bud development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Containerized Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) seedlings were subjected to six moisture-stress treatments (ranging from 7 to 65% soil water content by volume) for 12 weeks. At the end of this period, there were significant differences in phenological, physiological, and morphological responses among the seedlings in the various moisture-stress treatments. In general, seedlings grown under very high or very low soil moisture conditions were adversely affected, while those grown under moderate conditions (29 to 53% soil water content) exhibited optimum growth, bud development, and nutrient and starch reserves. The use of vector analysis was found to be helpful in data interpretation. The results indicate the importance of closely monitoring nursery moisture regimes in order to achieve the best seedling quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029980
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of soil water content and initial root volume on the nutrient status of 2+0 Douglas-fir seedlings (1994)
    Springer
    New forests 8 (1994), S. 265-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: moisture stress ; nursery grading ; transplant shock ; Pseudotsuga menziesii ; seedling morphology ; seedling quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two-year-old bareroot Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco.) seedlings were graded on the basis of four root-volume categories and transplanted to four moisture-stress treatments (6, 12, 18, and 24% soil water content) in pots. Macronutrient concentrations and contents of both old and new foliar tissue were determined. Decreasing soil water content resulted in higher concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, and particularly nitrogen in both old and new foliar tissue. This can be attributed to reduced growth, translocation, metabolic activity, and nutrient requirement in response to moisture stress. Seedlings with relatively higher root volumes exhibited higher nutrient concentrations and contents, as well as increased growth. Thus, increased total root biomass per unit of soil area with increasing seedling root volume may have resulted in greater nutrient use, supply, uptake, and storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025372
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of shade on morphology, chlorophyll concentration, and chlorophyll fluorescence of four Pacific Northwest conifer species (2000)
    Springer
    New forests 19 (2000), S. 171-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: Douglas-fir ; ponderosa pine ; western hemlock ; western redcedar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Four species of Pacific Northwestconifer seedlings (ponderosa pine [Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.], Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco], westernredcedar [Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Donn], andwestern hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.)Sarg.]) were planted in individual pots and grownunder shade-cloth shelters that provided four levelsof shade (0% [full sunlight], 35%, 55%, and 75%)for approximately 30 weeks. Height growth wasrecorded every 2 weeks. Initial and final seedlingmorphology and chlorophyll concentrations weremeasured. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measuredmonthly. All species responded similarly to shade. Although height growth was greatest under 75% shadeand least in 0% shade, total biomass production wassignificantly lower and shoot:root ratio significantlyhigher in 75% shade than in 0% shade. As thetreatment shade level increased from 0% to 75%,Fv/Fm was significantly lower whilechlorophyll concentrations were significantly higher. These results indicate that photochemical efficiencyof all four species was lower under higher shade. Morphological and physiological responses differedgreatly among species and corresponded with theirdegree of shade tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006645632023
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness of freezer storage in fulfilling the chilling requirement of fall-lifted ponderosa pine seedlings (1991)
    Springer
    New forests 5 (1991), S. 307-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: nursery ; budbreak ; chilling hour ; cold hardiness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The degree to which freezer storage fulfilled the chilling requirement of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings of two sources was determined by monitoring their development after potting or planting. The seedlings were lifted in September, October, November, or March and subjected to storage before outplanting. The fulfillment of chilling was assessed by measuring days to budbreak, cumulative percentage of seedlings flushing, foliated shoot length, and rate of bud abortion. The effect of freezer storage depended on stage of seedling development at lifting, length of storage, and seed source. Storage did not totally replace winter conditions, especially for seedlings lifted in September and October. Those from a high-elevation seed source flushed sooner than those from a low-elevation source. Delayed budbreak after planting of early lifted seedlings from the high-elevation source disappeared in the second year, but those from the low-elevation source continued to show effects. Seedlings lifted and stored in November had patterns of budbreak that were similar to those of seedlings that had overwintered in beds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00118859
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  • 7
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    Twelfth-year response of Douglas-fir to area of weed control and herbaceous versus woody weed control treatments (2006)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-01
    Description: Coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) response to eight weed control treatments was measured 12 years after planting at two Oregon sites. Treatments included four areas of weed control around individual trees (0.375, 1.49, 3.35, and 5.95 m2), no weed control (check), total vegetation control, control of herbaceous competition only, or control of woody competition only. Douglas-fir growth and woody-species invasion differed between the Coast Range site (Summit) and the Cascade Range foothills site (Marcola). Woody species reinvasion was more intense at Summit, with Douglas-fir cumulative mortality in the check treatment reaching 23% in year 12. Woody-only control improved Douglas-fir growth at Summit but had no significant effect on growth at Marcola. Total vegetation control had a profound effect on stem volume growth 12 years after planting. At Summit, total vegetation control resulted in a 355% increase in volume per hectare relative to the check. At Marcola the increase was only 63%. At Summit, growth increased with each increase in area of weed control, whereas at Marcola growth increased with increasing area of weed control up to 3.35 m2 of control. Results suggest that much of the gain in volume growth attributable to weed control may be lost if weed-control treatments are not highly efficacious. The differential response to woody control indicates that its benefit at a given site is strongly related to the abundance of competitive hardwood species, which may be predicted from the preharvest stand structure and vegetation community.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Response of coastal Douglas-fir and competing vegetation to repeated and delayed weed control treatments during early plantation development (2009)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-01
    Description: A key silvicultural decision in managing young conifer plantations is determining the number and timing of release treatments to control competing vegetation. Three coastal Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations were treated under eight alternative herbicide regimes during the first 5 years after planting to test treatment effects on vegetation dynamics and seedling growth. After termination of herbicide treatments, competing vegetation developed at a rate similar to that of check plots, reaching 40%–60% cover in the first growing season and approaching 100% by the third. Recovery of competing vegetation was slightly more rapid with greater number of previous releases. Annual volume growth of seedlings was negatively correlated with current cover of competing vegetation, but competitive effects from previous years were fully accounted for by initial tree size. Under 4 years of release, delaying treatment by 1 year reduced volume attained at the end of 5 years by about 15%. Plots receiving 5 consecutive years of weed control reached the 5 year volume of check plots in only 3.9 years, implying an age shift of 1.1 years. Increasing the number of operational release treatments significantly improved seedling growth in the short term, but long-term growth effects must be monitored to determine the economically optimal regime.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    Synergistic stem volume response to combinations of vegetation control and seedling size in conifer plantations in Oregon (2006)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-01
    Description: There are few published studies examining the effects of the interaction of seedling size and vegetation control on the growth of Pacific Northwest conifer species. Data from two vegetation management studies encompassing five planting sites, four conifer species, and two stock types were analyzed to determine the relative effects of seedling size at planting and intensity of vegetation control on subsequent seedling growth. Study 1 tested eight combinations of annual broadcast weed control or no weed control applied over the course of 5 years. Study 2 tested spot herbicide applications of differing area, as well as herbaceous-only and woody-only control treatments. The effect of seedling size was determined by analysis of covariance, with basal diameter as the covariate. Both seedling size and weed control increased growth of all conifer species through 4, 5, or 12 years, but responses varied by species and site. Diameter and height responses to weed control and seedling size were additive, whereas volume differences between treatments increased with increasing seedling size. The implication for management is that the volume return from increased weed control is maximized by planting the largest possible seedlings; conversely, the volume from increased seedling size is maximized at the highest weed control intensities.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    Starch determination by perchloric acid vs enzymes: evaluating the accuracy and precision of six colorimetric methods (1991)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8561
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5118
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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