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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Misfit dislocation multiplication processes in Si1−xGex alloys for x〈0.15 (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 54-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The density of misfit dislocation sources in strained Si1−xGex layers grown on Si substrates is rarely sufficient to explain the observed extent of relaxation when layer thicknesses are in excess of the metastable critical thickness. This letter describes a process whereby a small, but finite number of misfit dislocation nucleation sources can lead to extensive strain relaxation across a complete wafer. Two novel mechanisms for misfit dislocation multiplication are presented and shown to be compatible with microscopic observations of chemically etched layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102645
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  • 2
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    European Industry Unimpaired After the War (1917)
    Saranac Lake, N.Y., etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Management Review. 4:[1] (1917:Jan.) 15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-1895
    Topics: Economics
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:7504-1917-004-01-000002
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Considerations on the use of video playbacks as visual stimuli: the Lisbon workshop consensus (2000)
    Springer
    Acta ethologica 3 (2000), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9546
    Keywords: Key words Visual communication ; Experimental design ; Vision ; Motion ; Color
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  This paper is the consensus of a workshop that critically evaluated the utility and problems of video playbacks as stimuli in studies of visual behavior. We suggest that video playback is probably suitable for studying motion, shape, texture, size, and brightness. Studying color is problematic because video systems are specifically designed for humans. Any difference in color perception must lead to a different color sensation in most animals. Another potentially problematic limitation of video images is that they lack depth cues derived from stereopsis, accommodation, and motion parallax. Nonetheless, when used appropriately, video playback allows an unprecedented range of questions in visual communication to be addressed. It is important to note that most of the potential limitations of video playback are not unique to this technique but are relevant to all studies of visual signaling in animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s102110000019
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of action of transcription activation and repression domains (2000)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 57 (2000), S. 1149-1160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Transcription; preinitiation complex; promoter; RNA polymerase II.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Transcriptional regulators contain domains that either activate or repress transcription. Indeed, many cellular transcriptional regulators contain both activation and repression domains. Transcriptional regulators act at several stages in the transcription process, including assembly of the transcription complex, initiation and elongation. In order to influence these processes, the regulatory domains must interact with components of the transcription apparatus. This review will focus on our current understanding of the nature of transcriptional regulatory domains and their targets in the transcription machinery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00000755
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Doping effects on indentation plasticity and fracture in germanium (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 20 (1985), S. 1739-1747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Vickers micro-indentation tests have been performed in the temperature range 20 to 420° C on the {0 0 1} surfaces of germanium crystals of three different dopings: “intrinsic”, heavily doped p-type and heavily doped n-type. Indentation sizes, dislocation rosette sizes and median/radial crack lengths were measured. Rosette sizes were found to depend strongly on doping, being respectively larger and smaller than in intrinsic material for n-type and p-type specimens, over the temperature range 20 to 420° C. This result correlates well with dislocation velocity measurements in germanium. Indentation size (hardness) was found to vary with doping above ~ 300° C, hardness increasing from n-type through intrinsic to p-type material. Crack lengths, as a function of temperature, showed a sharp transition (to much shorter crack lengths) at a well-defined temperature; this ductile/brittle transition temperature was found to depend on doping, being lowest for n-type (~ 290° C) and highest for p-type (~ 400° C). This is the first observation of a relation between a fracture parameter and bulk electronic doping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555279
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of N 2 + and B+ ion implantation on the hardness behaviour and near-surface structure of SiC (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 457-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of ion implantation on the near-surface deformation behaviour and structure of both single crystal (6H) silicon carbide and a reaction-bonded SiC composite (REFEL) have been studied using 80 keV N 2 + and 40 keV B+ ions in the dose range 1 to 1 × 1017 ions cm−2. The ion species were chosen to have different effects on the polytype stability of SiC but produce similar distributions of damage. Subsequent room temperature, load-variant, indentation hardness tests showed that N 2 + implantations produced a marked near-surface softening above a critical dose of ∼ 4 × 1017 ions cm−2 . The effect, which appeared specific to N 2 + implanation is possibly attributable to the rapid thickening of the surface amorphized damage layer by nitrogen ges bubble formation. Implantation with both species suppressed the breakout of the lateral cracks produced by indentation fracture and this is presumed due to the production of a compressive surface stress. Scratch tests established that aven the lowest doses of both species suppressed chipping to the extent that scratch tracks appeared plastically deformed only Subsequent TEM examination showed that the microcrystalline or amorphous material produced by implantation with either species had transformed during deformation to the low-temperature-stable cubic (3C) polytype despite the differing expected influences of boron and nitrogen on polytype stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01145509
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microhardness response of nitrogen-implanted and X-irradiated lithium fluoride (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 4385-4390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The microhardness behaviour of {001} faces of LiF has been investigated before and after both nitrogen-ion implantation and implantation followed by X-irradiation. Implantation alone produced no changes in either hardness or dislocation etch-pit rosette sizes on the surface, though radial indentation fracture was promoted. Implantation followed by X-irradiation produced high densities of colour centres deep into the crystal, much deeper than the implantation damage depth (∼0.2μm). Hardness and rosette sizes were affected to depths of ∼150μm, which was less than the colouration depth. Thus the “colour centres” producing the colour are probably different from those impeding dislocation motion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01106560
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain boundary influence on the mechanical behaviour of oriented bicrystals (1997)
    Springer
    Interface science 4 (1997), S. 339-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2746
    Keywords: grain boundaries ; dislocations ; transmission ; fracture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown through several experiments centred on dislocation transmission through a GB that relating macroscopic mechanical properties of a bicrystalline specimen to the atomic structure of the GB or to local dislocation reactions is not straightforward. Not only the long and short range stresses and the plastic properties of the two grains must be taken into consideration, but also the kinetics of events has to be taken into account to explain the final result.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240252
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  • 9
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    Numerical simulation of multi-phase fluid flow in structurally complex reservoirs (2008)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 292: 405-429.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-02
    Description: Realistic simulation of structurally complex reservoirs (SCR) is challenging in at least three ways: (1) geological structures must be represented and discretized accurately on vastly different length scales; (2) extreme ranges and discontinuous variations of material properties have to be associated with the discretized structures and accounted for in the computations; and (3) episodic, highly transient and often localized events such as well shut-in have to be resolved adequately within the overall production history, necessitating a highly adaptive resolution of time. To facilitate numerical experiments that elucidate the emergent properties, typical states and state transitions of SCRs, an application programmer interface (API) called complex systems modelling platform (CSMP++) has been engineered in ANSI/ISO C++. It implements a geometry and process-based SCR decomposition in space and time, and uses an algebraic multigrid solver (SAMG) for the spatio-temporal integration of the governing partial differential equations. This paper describes a new SCR simulation workflow including a two-phase fluid flow model that is compared with ECLIPSE in a single-fracture flow simulation. Geologically realistic application examples are presented for incompressible 2-phase flow, compressible 3-phase flow, and pressure-diffusion in a sector-scale model of a structurally complex reservoir.
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    PAPER
  • 10
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    TFIIB dephosphorylation links transcription inhibition with the p53-dependent DNA damage response (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-30
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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