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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelations between Gibberellic Acid, Cytokinins and Abscisic Acid in Retarding Leaf Senescence (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 24 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The interrelation between the effects of abscisic acid (ABA) and the effects of cytokinins and gibberellic acid in retarding leaf senescence was investigated. Leaf discs from plants of Taraxacum megallorrhizon, Rumex pulcber and Tropaeolum majus were floated on solutions of cytokinin or GA to which given amounts of ABA were added. After five days, chlorophyll was extracted and the amount estimated spectrophoto-metrically. The interrelation between the effects of abscisic acid and cytokinins differed from that between the effects of ABA and gibberellic acid. Abscisic acid reduced the senescence retarding effect of GA more than that of cytokinins. A high concentration of cytokinins nullified the senescence enhancing effect of low concentrations of ABA. GA did not reverse the effects of ABA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1971.tb06720.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amelioration of Chilling Injuries in Cucumber Seedlings by Abscisic Acid (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 38 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Exposure of cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L.) to chilling temperature resulted in injuries such as increased leakage of cellular materials, loss of water and wilting. In addition, the development of the seedlings after the exposure to chilling was impaired. Abscisic acid applied to the seedlings prior to chilling significantly ameliorated these injuries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1976.tb04865.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloroplasts, Kinetin and Protein Synthesis (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 24 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of kinetin on protein synthesis of isolated chloroplasts was investigated by following the incorporation of 14C-leucine into isolated chloroplasts from Nicotiana tabacum. The incorporation activity varied greatly during the year, being largest in the winter and smallest in the summer. Conversely, the relative effect of kinetin on the incorporation of 14C-leucine, whether applied as a pretreatment to the leaves or directly in the incubation medium, was largest in the summer and smallest or absent altogether in the winter. Kinetin did not prolong the net incorporation period, which lasted about 40 min, but only enhanced the initial rate of the reaction. Chloroplasts extracted from leaves that had been detached for 24 or 48 h displayed very little of their original, pre-aged incorporation activity and treating the leaves with kinetin did not, essentially, prevent this loss. It was concluded that the major effect of kinetin upon chloroplasts may be related primarily to an effect upon hydration and permeability of the chloroplast and its membranes, and not to an effect directly upon its machinery for protein synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1971.tb03474.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abscisic acid and the after-effect of stress in tobacco plants (1976)
    Springer
    Planta 129 (1976), S. 217-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tobacco plants (Nicotiana rustica L.) were exposed to a period of stress of either mineral deprivation or salination of the root medium. Thereafter the plants were transferred back to the pre-stress growth medium, for study of the pattern of recovery. Abscisic acid (ABA) content and the extent of stomatal opening in leaves of tobacco plants were found to be inversely related. The results support the possibility that the phenomenon know as “after-effect of stress” may not be exclusive to recovery from water stress, but may be typical of the pattern of plant recovery from the effects of several growth restricting environments. It is suggested that the after-affect results from the delay in resumption of the pre-stress hormonal balance in the plant, particularly with regard to ABA, after termination of the stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398260
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-phycocyanin as a storage protein in the blue-green alga Spirulina platensis (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 125 (1980), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrogen starvation ; c-phycocyanin ; Blue-green alga ; Spirulina platensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The possibility that c-phycocyanin serves as a nitrogen source in Spirulina platensis during nitrogen starvation was studied. The following evidence was obtained in support of this idea. 1. Under favourable conditions for growth, c-phycocyanin existed in large excess in the algal cells. 2. When the supply of nitrogen was low, about 30–50% of the c-phycocyanin disappeared without any effect on the maximal growth rate. 3. A culture which was deprived of nitrogen continued to grow unaffectedly for a period, the duration of which depended on the c-phycocyanin content in the cell before nitrogen starvation was initiated. 4. c-phycocyanin was the only nitrogenous compound that was depleted during the course of nitrogen starvation when growth was yet unaffected. 5. When protein synthesis was inhibited either by nitrogen starvation or by methionine sulfoximine (MSO), phycocyanin content began to decline immediately and growth continued at normal rates as long as c-phycocyanin did not decline below 50%. 6. The decrease in c-phycocyanin content during nitrogen starvation was accompanied by an increase in proteolytic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403211
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of phycocyanins from the blue-green alga Spirulina platensis (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 120 (1979), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Biliproteins ; c-Phycocyanin ; Allophycocyanin ; Blue-green alga ; Spirulina platensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two main biliproteins c-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin were identified and characterized in the blue-green alga Spirulina platensis. The specific absorbance, fluorescence maxima, sub-unit make-up and amino acid composition of the biliproteins in Spirulina platensis resemble those reported for other blue-green algae. However, the minimum molecular weights (44,000 for c-phycocyanin and 38,000 for the allophycocyanin) and the specific extinction coefficients (73, and 58 for c-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin respectively) of these biliproteins were different from these values in other blue-green algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular polysaccharide production in outdoor mass cultures of Porphyridium sp. in flat plate glass reactors (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 12 (2000), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: areal productivity ; cell mass ; flat plate glass reactor ; light path ; polysaccharides ; Porphyridium ; red microalgae ; Rhodophyta ; viscosity ; volumetric productivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This work concerns an attempt to develop large scalecultivation of Porphyridium sp. outdoors. Theimpact on cell growth and production of solublesulphated polysaccharides of light-path length (LP)was studied in flat plate glass reactors outdoors. TheLP of the plate reactors ranged from 1.3–30 cm,corresponding to culture volumes of 3–72 L. The sidewalls of all reactors were covered, ensuring similarilluminated surfaces for all reactors. Maximal daytemperature was maintained at 26 ±1 °C.Growth conditions of pH (7.5), stirring (withcompressed air) and mineral nutrients, were optimal.Maximal volumetric concentration of the soluble sulfated polysaccharide (1.32 g L-1) was obtained in winter with the smallest light-pathreactor (1.3 cm ) at a cell density of 1.37 ×1011cells L-1. Under these conditions, theviscosity of the culture medium was also highest,being inversely proportional to the culture'slight-path. Highest areal concentration of solublepolysaccharides (60 g m-2) and areal cell density(3.01 × 1012m-2) was recorded in the 20 cmLP reactor, progressively lower values being obtainedas the light path became shorter. A similar patternwas obtained for the areal productivity ofpolysaccharides, the highest being 4.15 g m-2day-1 (considering the total illuminated reactorsurface), produced in the 20-cm LP reactor.The main sugar composition (i.e. xylose, galactose andglucose) of the sulfated polysaccharides was similarin all reactors. As viscosity increased with timeduring culture growth, there was a substantial declinein bacterial population. Cultivation throughout mostof the year provided good evidence that a light pathlength of 20 cm in flat plate reactors under theseconditions is optimal for maximal areal solublepolysaccharide production of Porphyridium sp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008177002226
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient utilization of high irradiance for production of photoautotropic cell mass: a survey (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 8 (1996), S. 381-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: photobioreactor ; photosynthetic-efficiency ; mass-production ; high irradiance ; optimal culture density ; light dark cycles ; mixing rates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract For mass production of microalgae outdoors to be justified as a significant commercial entity, solar energy should be utilized at a much higher efficiency, yielding greatly increased photosynthetic productivity than presently obtained. Development of photobioreactors to provide an answer for this challenge rests at the root and the very future of this biotechnology. Most available Photobioreactors yield increased volumetric outputs of cell mass, but the areal yield which relates to the photosynthetic efficiency is rather similar to that obtained in the basically inefficient open raceway, the most prevalent commercial reactor today. The key for efficient utilization of the super saturating solar irradiance existing outdoors rests in distributing it, in effect, to as large a number of cells per given volume in as high a frequency as possible. This unfolds the design principles underlying efficient utilization of high irradiance for photoautotrophic production of cell mass: Reactors should be maximally exposed to sun light, have a narrow light-path coupled with a safe mixing system designed to create fast, turbulent streaming for moving the algal cells in and out of the photic volume at maximal frequency. Reactors designed along these principles may support ultrahigh cell densities resulting in high volumetric as well as areal yields, hopefully expanding thereby the economic basis of microalgal biotechnology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02178581
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient utilisation of high photon irradiance for mass production of photoautotrophic micro-organisms (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 11 (1999), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: mass cultures ; light utilisation ; light regime ; optimalcell density ; light path ; mixing rates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Basic issues involved in effective use of a high photon irradiance for mass production of microalgae are elucidated: efficient utilisation of high irradiance requires cultures of high cell density grown in reactors with a narrow light path. The smaller the light-path, the higher the growth rate and the volume output rate (g L−1d−1) of cell mass. Areal productivity (g m−2d−1) may be inversely related to the length of light-path (e.g. Spirulina platensis) or directly related to it, as is the case with Nannochloropsis sp., in which the areal output rate increased with the increase in the light-path and the areal volume (L m−2). Inhibition of cell growth in Nannochloropsis became evident as cell concentration increased above a certain point. Response in cell growth to elevated irradiance was therefore possible only when the growth medium of ultrahigh cell density cultures was frequently changed. Inhibitory activity to culture growth may be directly involved in determining the optimal cell density (which results in the highest output of cell mass) and hence the optimal light-path. Under optimal growth conditions, cultures of high cell densities responded well to the rate of stirring, the relative beneficial effect of mixing increasing with the increase in cell density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008033906840
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new tubular reactor for mass production of microalgae outdoors (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 5 (1993), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Spirulina platensis ; Anabaena siamensis ; tubular reactor ; outdoor production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A novel reactor for outdoor production of microalgae is described. Air-lift is used for circulation of the culture in transparent tubes lying on the ground and interconnected by a manifold. Dissolved O2 is removed through a gas-separator placed 2.0 m above the tubes and water-spray is used for cooling. The manifold permits short-run durations between leaving the gas separator and re-entering it, preventing thereby damaging accumulation of dissolved oxygen. Day temperature control in summer is attained using water-spray. In winter, temperature in the tubes rises rapidly in the morning, as compared to an open raceway even if placed in a greenhouse. The number of hours along which optimal temperature prevails in the culture throughout the year increased significantly. Very high daily productivity computed on a volumetric basis (e.g. 550 mg dry wt l−1 culture) was obtained and preliminary observations indicate that a significantly higher output, e.g. 1500 mg dry wt l−1 d−1 is attainable. Much more research is required to assess the year-round, sustained productivity attainable in this reactor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186235
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