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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synaptic organization of visual interneurons in the lobula complex of flies (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 371-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lobula complex ; Visual interneurons ; Ultrastructure ; Cobalt-impregnations ; Electron microscopy ; Diptera (Calliphora erythrocephala)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The synaptic organization of three classes of cobalt-filled and silver-intensified visual interneurons in the lobula complex of the blowfly Calliphora (Col A cells, horizontal cells and vertical cells) was studied electron microscopically. The Col A cells are regularly spaced, columnar, small field neurons of the lobula, which constitute a plexus of arborizations at the posterior surface of the neuropil and the axons of which terminate in the ventrolateral protocerebrum. They show postsynaptic specializations in the distal layer of their lobula-arborizations and additional presynaptic sites in a more proximal layer; their axon terminals are presynaptic to large descending neurons projecting into the thoracic ganglion. The horizontal and vertical cells are giant tangential neurons, the arborizations of which cover the anterior and posterior surface of the lobula plate, respectively, and which terminate in the perioesophageal region of the protocerebrum. Both classes of these giant neurons were found to be postsynaptic in the lobula plate and pre- and postsynaptic at their axon terminals and axon collaterals. The significance of these findings with respect to the functional properties of the neurons investigated is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233871
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Golgi studies of the first optic ganglion of the ant, Cataglyphis bicolor (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect visual system ; Lamina ganglionaris ; Ant Cataglyphis bicolor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neurons of the first optic ganglion (the lamina) in the desert ant, Cataglyphis bicolor, have been studied with the light microscope after Golgi silver impregnation. The different types of retinal and laminai fibres and their configuration are compared with the results obtained in the bee. The first synaptic region in the visual system of the ant lies proximally to the fenestrated layer below the basement membrane and the layer containing the monopolar cell bodies. The synaptic region can be separated into three morphologically different zones: (1) The most distal layer where the short visual fibres end at two different levels. The short visual fibres and some laminai fibres (monopolar cell fibres) also show lateral elements in this region. (2) The second layer appears almost free of branches of retinal and laminal fibres. (3) The most proximal layer, which has a characteristically dense horizontal structure resulting from the lateral elements of long visual, centrifugal, monopolar and tangential fibres. Nine cell axons arising from each ommatidium leave the retina. Six of these are short visual fibres and end at two different levels in the lamina. Three different types of short visual fibres can be distinguished by their different terminal depths and lateral branching pattern. The remaining three fibres, the long visual fibres, terminate in the medulla. They can be distinguished from each other by their lateral elements in the lamina neuropile. The five morphologically different laminai fibre types (axons of the monopolar cells in the lamina) have different shapes and different arborizations at different levels. Tangential, centrifugal and incerta sedis-fibres, which originate either from cell bodies in the cell body layer at the periphery of the outer chiasma or more centrally, terminate in the synaptic region of the lamina. Consideration is given to the clearly demarkated arrangement and length of the branching pattern of retinal and laminai fibres at different levels of the synaptic region of the lamina. In addition, a hypothetical connectivity pattern is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220578
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurons in the first synaptic region of the bee, Apis mellifera (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 277-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect visual system ; Apis mellifera ; Retina-lamina projection ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The retina-lamina projection in the visual pathway of the bee was studied by the reduced silver and Golgi techniques. Two main types of visual cell axons (R-fibres) were found: (1) at least two forms of short visual fibres terminate at two levels in the lamina; (2) the long visual fibres cross the first optic chiasma and terminate at two different levels of higher order neurons in the medulla. Six short and three long visual fibres leave each retinula in the bee's eye. Whereas two types of short visual cells can be distinguished by the arborization patterns of Golgi-stained preparations, as well as by their fibre diameters, three different types of long visual fibres can be found. In each cartridge (“neuroommatidium”) the six short visual cells closely appose three monopolar cells (L-fibres, second order neurons). Thus each axon bundle crossing the first (or intermediate) chiasma contains at least six large argyrophilic fibres (three long visual cells and three monopolar cells), and these can be seen in cross-sections of reduced silver preparations. In addition, centrifugal fibres originating in the medulla and terminating in the lamina as well as amacrine (intrinsic) cells of the lamina have been resolved by Golgi impregnation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224588
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The organisation of the lamina ganglionaris of the crabs Scylla serrata and Leptograpsus variegatus (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 517-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Visual system ; Lamina ganglionaris ; Crab ; Structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The gross structure and neuronal elements of the first optic ganglion of two crabs, Scylla serrata and Leptograpsus variegatus, are described on the basis of Golgi (selective silver) and reduced silver preparations. Of the eight retinula cells of each ommatidium, seven end within the lamina, while the eighth cell sends a long fibre to the external medulla. Five types of monopolar neurons are described, three types of large tangential fibres, and one fibre which may be centrifugal. The marked stratification of the lamina is produced by several features. The main synaptic region, the plexiform layer, is divided by a band of tangential fibres; the short retinula fibres end at two levels in the plexiform layer; and two types of monopolar cells have arborisations confined to the distal or proximal parts of the plexiform layer. The information presently available concerning the retina-lamina projection in Crustacea is examined. Some of the implications of retina and lamina structure are discussed in conjunction with what is known about their electrophysiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219572
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