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  • 1
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    Development of a tethered satellite force transducer (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The SEDS (Small Expendable Deployer System)/Delta II is a demonstration flight of a tethered satellite deployer system. The satellite or end mass payload, which is deployed and tethered to the Delta II rocket, is instrumented to determine its dynamics during deployment. A three-component force transducer or strain-gage balance was developed to measure tether tension on the end-mass side of the tether. The transducer was designed to measure tensions up to 20N in each direction and resolve tensions as low as 0.002N. In addition, the transducer was required to withstand the shock, vibration, and temperature excursions of the mission. The development of the transducer from design to testing and integration is discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: In: International Instrumentation Symposium, 39th, Albuquerque, NM, May 2-6, 1993, Proceedings (A93-54351 24-35); p. 287-297.
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  • 2
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    NASA LaRC Strain Gage Balance Design Concepts (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) has been designing strain-gage balances for more than fifty years. These balances have been utilized in Langley's wind tunnels, which span over a wide variety of aerodynamic test regimes, as well as other ground based test facilities and in space flight applications. As a result, the designs encompass a large array of sizes, loads, and environmental effects. Currently Langley has more than 300 balances available for its researchers. This paper will focus on the design concepts for internal sting mounted strain-gage balances. However, these techniques can be applied to all force measurement design applications. Strain-gage balance concepts that have been developed over the years including material selection, sting, model interfaces, measuring, sections, fabrication, strain-gaging and calibration will be discussed.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: First International Symposium on Strain Gauge Balances; Pt. 2; 525-541; NASA/CP-1999-209101/PT2
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  • 3
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    TIGER: Development of Thermal Gradient Compensation Algorithms and Techniques (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: In a wind tunnel facility, the direct measurement of forces and moments induced on the model are performed by a force measurement balance. The measurement balance is a precision-machined device that has strain gages at strategic locations to measure the strain (i.e., deformations) due to applied forces and moments. The strain gages convert the strain (and hence the applied force) to an electrical voltage that is measured by external instruments. To address the problem of thermal gradients on the force measurement balance NASA-LaRC has initiated a research program called TIGER - Thermally-Induced Gradients Effects Research. The ultimate goals of the TIGER program are to: (a) understand the physics of the thermally-induced strain and its subsequent impact on load measurements and (b) develop a robust thermal gradient compensation technique. This paper will discuss the impact of thermal gradients on force measurement balances, specific aspects of the TIGER program (the design of a special-purpose balance, data acquisition and data analysis challenges), and give an overall summary.
    Keywords: Numerical Analysis
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  • 4
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    A fatigue study of electrical discharge machine (EDM) strain-gage balance materials (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: A fatigue study was undertaken to determine how much electrical-discharge-machine (EDM) processing affected the fatigue life of balance materials: EDM and regular milling-machine (MM) samples were compared. Simulation of a typical balance stress configuration was devised for the fatigue testing in order to obtain results more closely related to balance situations. The fatigue testing of the EDM and MM specimens has indicated that the EDM technique does indeed reduce the fatigue life of 15-5PH steel, the first balance material tested. This conclusion was based on comparisons of the specimen fatigue lives with theoretical and manufacturer's data. Hence the EDM surface effects are detrimental to the fatigue life of this balance material.
    Keywords: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: ICIASF ''89; Sept. 18-21, 1989; Goettingen; Germany
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  • 5
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    Impact of Thermal Gradients on Wind Tunnel Force Measurements (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In a wind tunnel facility, the direct measurement of forces and moments induced on the model are performed by a force measurement balance. The measurement balance is a precision-machined device that has strain gages at strategic locations to measure the strain (i.e., deformations) due to applied forces and moments. The strain gages convert the strain (and hence the applied force) to an electrical voltage that is measured by external meters. Thermal gradients can complicate the process, however. Thermal gradients on the balance cause differential expansion (or contraction) of various parts of the balance that induce a strain that is detected by the strain gages and is indistinguishable from an external applied force. The thermal gradients can result when testing is done at elevated temperatures or at cryogenic temperatures such as at the National Transonic Facility (NTF) at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC).
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: AIAA Paper 99-0309 , 37th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit; Jan 11, 1999 - Jan 14, 1999; Reno, NV; United States
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  • 6
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    High-Reynolds Number Active Blowing Semi-Span Force Measurement System Development (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Recent wind-tunnel tests at the NASA Langley Research Center National Transonic Facility utilized high-pressure bellows to route air to the model for evaluating aircraft circulation control. The introduction of these bellows within the Sidewall Model Support System significantly impacted the performance of the external sidewall mounted semi-span balance. As a result of this impact on the semi-span balance measurement performance, it became apparent that a new capability needed to be built into the National Transonic Facility s infrastructure to allow for performing pressure tare calibrations on the balance in order to properly characterize its performance under the influence of static bellows pressure tare loads and bellows thermal effects. The objective of this study was to design both mechanical calibration hardware and an experimental calibration design that can be employed at the facility in order to efficiently and precisely perform the necessary loadings in order to characterize the semi-span balance under the influence of multiple calibration factors (balance forces/moments and bellows pressure/temperature). Using statistical design of experiments, an experimental design was developed allowing for strategically characterizing the behavior of the semi-span balance for use in circulation control and propulsion-type flow control testing at the National Transonic Facility.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NF1676L-14440 , NF1676L-13863 , 28th Aerodynamic Meaurement Technology, Ground Testing and Flight Testing Conference; Jun 25, 2012 - Jun 28, 2012; New Orleans, LA; United States|8th International Symposium on Strain-Gauge Balances; May 07, 2012 - May 10, 2012; Lucerne; Switzerland
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  • 7
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    Wind Tunnel Force Balance Calibration Study - Interim Results (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Wind tunnel force balance calibration is preformed utilizing a variety of different methods and does not have a direct traceable standard such as standards used for most calibration practices (weights, and voltmeters). These different calibration methods and practices include, but are not limited to, the loading schedule, the load application hardware, manual and automatic systems, re-leveling and non-re-leveling. A study of the balance calibration techniques used by NASA was undertaken to develop metrics for reviewing and comparing results using sample calibrations. The study also includes balances of different designs, single and multi-piece. The calibration systems include, the manual, and the automatic that are provided by NASA and its vendors. The results to date will be presented along with the techniques for comparing the results. In addition, future planned calibrations and investigations based on the results will be provided.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: NF1676L-13928 , 8th International Symposium on Strain-Gauge Balances; May 07, 2012 - May 10, 2012; Lucerne; Switzerland
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  • 8
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    Development of a High Accuracy Angular Measurement System for Langley Research Center Hypersonic Wind Tunnel Facilities (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Modern experimental and test activities demand innovative and adaptable procedures to maximize data content and quality while working within severely constrained budgetary and facility resource environments. This report describes development of a high accuracy angular measurement capability for NASA Langley Research Center hypersonic wind tunnel facilities to overcome these deficiencies. Specifically, utilization of micro-electro-mechanical sensors including accelerometers and gyros, coupled with software driven data acquisition hardware, integrated within a prototype measurement system, is considered. Development methodology addresses basic design requirements formulated from wind tunnel facility constraints and current operating procedures, as well as engineering and scientific test objectives. Description of the analytical framework governing relationships between time dependent multi-axis acceleration and angular rate sensor data and the desired three dimensional Eulerian angular state of the test model is given. Calibration procedures for identifying and estimating critical parameters in the sensor hardware is also addressed.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: NASA/CR-2003-212401 , L-14635 , NAS 1.26:212401
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  • 9
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    Method of Calibrating a Force Balance (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A calibration system and method utilizes acceleration of a mass to generate a force on the mass. An expected value of the force is calculated based on the magnitude and acceleration of the mass. A fixture is utilized to mount the mass to a force balance, and the force balance is calibrated to provide a reading consistent with the expected force determined for a given acceleration. The acceleration can be varied to provide different expected forces, and the force balance can be calibrated for different applied forces. The acceleration may result from linear acceleration of the mass or rotational movement of the mass.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography; Aerodynamics
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  • 10
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    An Innovative Concept for Spacebased Lidar Measurement of Ocean Carbon Biomass (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Beam attenuation coefficient, c, provides an important optical index of plankton standing stocks, such as phytoplankton biomass and total particulate carbon concentration. Unfortunately, c has proven difficult to quantify through remote sensing. Here, we introduce an innovative approach for estimating c using lidar depolarization measurements and diffuse attenuation coefficients from ocean color products or lidar measurements of Brillouin scattering. The new approach is based on a theoretical formula established from Monte Carlo simulations that links the depolarization ratio of sea water to the ratio of diffuse attenuation Kd and beam attenuation C (i.e., a multiple scattering factor). On July 17, 2014, the CALIPSO satellite was tilted 30deg off-nadir for one nighttime orbit in order to minimize ocean surface backscatter and demonstrate the lidar ocean subsurface measurement concept from space. Depolarization ratios of ocean subsurface backscatter are measured accurately. Beam attenuation coefficients computed from the depolarization ratio measurements compare well with empirical estimates from ocean color measurements. We further verify the beam attenuation coefficient retrievals using aircraft-based high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) data that are collocated with in-water optical measurements.
    Keywords: Oceanography
    Type: NF1676L-21414 , International Laser Radar Conference; Jul 05, 2015 - Jul 10, 2015; New York, NY; United States
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