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  • 1
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    The STAR /self-testing and repairing/ computer - An investigation of the theory and practice of fault-tolerant computer design. (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper presents the results obtained in a continuing investigation of fault-tolerant computing which is being conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Initial studies led to the decision to design and construct an experimental computer with dynamic (standby) redundancy, including replaceable subsystems and a program rollback provision to eliminate transient errors. This system, called the STAR computer, began operation in 1969. The following aspects of the STAR system are described: architecture, reliability analysis, software, automatic maintenance of peripheral systems, and adaptation to serve as the central computer of an outer-planet exploration spacecraft.
    Keywords: COMPUTERS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Computers; C-20; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Fault-tolerant computer study (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A set of building block circuits is described which can be used with commercially available microprocessors and memories to implement fault tolerant distributed computer systems. Each building block circuit is intended for VLSI implementation as a single chip. Several building blocks and associated processor and memory chips form a self checking computer module with self contained input output and interfaces to redundant communications buses. Fault tolerance is achieved by connecting self checking computer modules into a redundant network in which backup buses and computer modules are provided to circumvent failures. The requirements and design methodology which led to the definition of the building block circuits are discussed.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Type: NASA-CR-163986 , JPL-PUB-80-73
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    A Minimal Hardware Architecture for Using Commercial Microcontrollers in Space Applications (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Microcontrollers provide very dense functionality for embedded applications ranging from telephones to automobiles.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Architectures for fault-tolerant spacecraft computers (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This paper summarizes the results of a long-term research program in fault-tolerant computing for spacecraft on-board processing. In response to changing device technology this program has progressed from the design of a fault-tolerant uniprocessor to the development of fault-tolerant distributed computer systems. The unusual requirements of spacecraft computing are described along with the resulting real-time computer architectures. The following aspects of these designs are discussed: (1) architectural features to minimize complexity in the distributed computer system, (2) fault-detection and recovery, (3) techniques to enhance reliability and testability, and (4) design approaches for LSI implementation.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Type: IEEE; vol. 66
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Fault-tolerant building-block computer study (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Ultra-reliable core computers are required for improving the reliability of complex military systems. Such computers can provide reliable fault diagnosis, failure circumvention, and, in some cases serve as an automated repairman for their host systems. A small set of building-block circuits which can be implemented as single very large integration devices, and which can be used with off-the-shelf microprocessors and memories to build self checking computer modules (SCCM) is described. Each SCCM is a microcomputer which is capable of detecting its own faults during normal operation and is described to communicate with other identical modules over one or more Mil Standard 1553A buses. Several SCCMs can be connected into a network with backup spares to provide fault-tolerant operation, i.e. automated recovery from faults. Alternative fault-tolerant SCCM configurations are discussed along with the cost and reliability associated with their implementation.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Type: NASA-CR-157564 , JPL-PUB-78-67
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Reconfigurable modular computer networks for spacecraft on-board processing (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The core electronics subsystems on unmanned spacecraft, which have been sent over the last 20 years to investigate the moon, Mars, Venus, and Mercury, have progressed through an evolution from simple fixed controllers and analog computers in the 1960's to general-purpose digital computers in current designs. This evolution is now moving in the direction of distributed computer networks. Current Voyager spacecraft already use three on-board computers. One is used to store commands and provide overall spacecraft management. Another is used for instrument control and telemetry collection, and the third computer is used for attitude control and scientific instrument pointing. An examination of the control logic in the instruments shows that, for many, it is cost-effective to replace the sequencing logic with a microcomputer. The Unified Data System architecture considered consists of a set of standard microcomputers connected by several redundant buses. A typical self-checking computer module will contain 23 RAMs, two microprocessors, one memory interface, three bus interfaces, and one core building block.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Type: Computer; 11; July 197
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Fault-tolerant computer system (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: More reliable computers could be assembled by connecting four proposed VSLI "building block" circuits with built-in error detection to standard microprocessors and memory devices to form self checking computer module. Each building block detects its own malfunctions and single bit errors found in memory.
    Keywords: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
    Type: NPO-14562 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 4; 2; P. 186
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    An application of microprocessors to a Mars Roving Vehicle (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper presents an approach to a microprocessor based computing system for a Mars Roving Vehicle. This represents a practical example in that it combines a breadboard robot (the Rover) with a distributed microprocessor computing system, both of which are under development at JPL and are being considered for a 1984 Mars Rover Mission. A summary of the Rover functions is presented, along with an approach of applying distributed computers. The Rover is then partitioned into its main subsystems (executive, locomotion, manipulation, and vision) and subsystem and system interfaces established. Computing requirements are discussed and a system diagram developed.
    Keywords: GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES (SPACE)
    Type: Joint Automatic Control Conference; Jun 22, 1977 - Jun 24, 1977; San Francisco, CA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Fully automated urban traffic system (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The replacement of the driver with an automatic system which could perform the functions of guiding and routing a vehicle with a human's capability of responding to changing traffic demands was discussed. The problem was divided into four technological areas; guidance, routing, computing, and communications. It was determined that the latter three areas being developed independent of any need for fully automated urban traffic. A guidance system that would meet system requirements was not being developed but was technically feasible.
    Keywords: URBAN TECHNOLOGY AND TRANSPORTATION
    Type: NASA-CR-155947 , JPL-PUB-77-64 , DOT-TST-78-3
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Architectural concepts and redundancy techniques in fault-tolerant computers (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper presents a description of redundancy techniques employed in the design of fault-tolerant computers, and a discussion of the effects of functional requirements, technology constraints, and cost considerations which enter into the choice of these techniques. The STAR computer, developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for long-duration planetary spacecraft missions, is discussed along with several later fault-tolerant computer designs. The class of computers described in this paper employs dynamic redundancy, i.e., the machine is divided into a set of submodules, each with standby spares; a special hard core monitor unit detects and diagnoses faults, and effects automated recovery by replacing failed parts.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Type: Management and design of long-life systems; Symposium; Apr 24, 1973 - Apr 26, 1973; Denver, CO
    Format: text
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