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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The progress of Indian peanut clump virus (Hyderabad isolate; IPCV-H) and its vector Polymyxa graminis in various monocotyledonous crops and groundnut was studied during the 1994, 1995 and 1996 rainy seasons in a naturally infested field in India. The roles of rainfall and temperature in the dynamics of infection by both the virus and its vector were analysed by exposing young seedlings for short periods in the field. Of the host crops studied, wheat, followed by barley, showed the highest virus incidence, although P. graminis was rarely observed in roots of wheat and was not detected in those of barley. The roots of maize, pearl millet and sorghum plants infected by P. graminis showed intense colonization by sporosori. IPCV accumulated in systemically infected maize plants; the sorghum and pearl millet cultivars studied showed a transient presence of IPCV-H. Rice was seldom infected by the virus and P. graminis was not detected in its roots. Groundnut was a systemic host for the virus, although during these experiments no P. graminis was found in its roots. Groundnut appeared to be susceptible to infection, mostly in the early stages of crop development, and the rate of IPCV-H transmission in groundnut seeds was highest (13%) for plants infected when young. The seed-transmission rate quickly decreased in plants showing symptoms 1 month after sowing. Time of infection had little influence on groundnut pod yield, which was always reduced by 〉60% in infected plants. There was some evidence that the quantity and distribution of rainfall influenced the incidences of IPCV-H and P. graminis: high rainfall resulted in high incidences of the virus and P. graminis, and a weekly rainfall of 14 mm was sufficient for P. graminis to initiate infection. Temperatures prevailing during the rainy season ranged from 23 to 30°C and were found to be conducive to natural virus transmission. These results suggest measures to be explored for controlling peanut clump disease.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A potyvirus that induced stunting and a characteristic bushy appearance at the apical region, due to proliferation of terminal branches with narrowed, reduced and deformed leaflets, was isolated from chickpea in India. The virus was sap-transmissible to 14 species of Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae, Solanaceae and Malvaceae; Chenopodium amaranticolor was a good local lesion host. Virus particles, trapped by immunosorbent electron microscopy and stained with uranyl acetate, were 710 ×10 nm long. Purified virus preparations contained a single polypeptide species of 32,500 Da and one nucleic acid species of 3.1 · 106 Da. The virus was serologically related to soybean mosaic, azuki bean mosaic and peanut mottle viruses but not to clover yellow vein, pea seed-borne mosaic and bean yellow mosaic viruses.On the basis of these properties, the virus was identified as a previously undescribed potyvirus in chickpea, for which the name chickpea bushy dwarf virus is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 38 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A disease of peanut characterized by stunting of plants, veinal chlorosis, outward bending of leaflets, and proliferation of axillary buds has been observed in several parts of Peninsular India since 1977. The disease was restricted to peanut crops raised during the post-rainy season. A rhabdovirus was associated with this disease. This appears to be the first record of natural occurrence of a rhabdovirus in peanut.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 32 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A procedure developed for the purification of peanut mottle virus (PMV) isolated from peanuts in India yielded 30–40 mg of virus/kg of plant tissue. Purified virus sedimented as a single component of 151 S. The virus coat protein migrated as a single component in each of two polyacrylamide gel concentrations and had an estimated molecular weight of 34 000 daltons. The molecular weight of the nucleic acid was 3.10 × 106 daltons. In the precipitin ring interface test (PRIT) PMV showed a serological relationship with soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Using the double antibody sandwich form of ELISA, PMV was shown to be distantly related to adzuki bean mosaic (ABMV), amaranthus leaf mottle (ALMV), clover yellow vein (CYVV) viruses and SMV. Immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) showed PMV to be closely related to ABMV, ALMV, CYVV and SMV. In PRIT, ELISA and ISEM tests no specific serological reaction was noted between PMV and antisera to groundnut eye spot, peanut green mosaic, pepper veinal mottle, potato virus Y, sugarcane mosaic and turnip mosaic viruses.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 35 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: For meeting the growing demand on ground water in hard rock areas of India, man-made percolation tanks have become important structures for augmenting ground-water recharge. Keeping in view their increasing number and cost involved in their construction and their temporal variation in percolation due to silting or desilting operations if undertaken, it is vital to develop proper methodology to evaluate the performance of these structures. A method employing the mass balance of environmental chloride in the tank has been developed for this purpose. The results obtained using this method at one experimental site indicate that an average of 30–35% of impounded water is recharged through this structure situated in granitic gneissic terrain of a semiarid region of India. The remainder is lost through evaporation. The method developed is simple, inexpensive, and sensitive enough to observe the temporal variation in the recharge rate through such tanks.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 95 (1989), S. 123-127 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; peanut mottle virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Tijdens een inspectie in 1986 en 1987 in Zuid Sulawesi, West en Oost Java en West Sumatra werd in aardnoot (Arachis hypogaea) veelvuldig een ziekte aangetroffen, die opviel door donkergroene vlekkerigheid. De vlekken waren onregelmatig over de bladeren verspreid of kwamen voornamelijk voor rond de nerven. Soms waren de vlekken omgeven door een lichtgroene ring. Op grond van symptomen op toetsplanten, serologische verwantschap en elektronenmicroscopische eigenschappen werd geconcludeerd, dat deze ziekte veroorzaakt wordt door het ‘peanut stripe virus’. Dit virus is voor het eerst beschreven in 1984 in Amerika. Dit is de eerste officiële melding van het virus in Indonesië. Enkele eerder beschreven potyvirussen van aardnoot in Indonesië, ‘groundnut mottle-y’ en ‘peanut mottle virus’ (PMV) zijn waarschijnlijk ook PStV. De gelijkenis van de door PStV and ‘peanut mottle virus’ veroorzaakte symptomen heeft ervoor gezorgd dat de vlekkerigheid op aardnoot in Indonesië jarenlang aan PMV werd toegeschreven. Aangezien PStV veel schade veroorzaakt, wordt verder onderzoek gedaan aan de epidemiologie van dit virus, aan het oogstverlies en aan het toetsen van aardnootlijnen op resistentie.
    Notes: Abstract During a survey of groundnut in 1986 and 1987 in South Sulawesi, West and East Java and West Sumatra a disease was frequently observed which is characterized by the presence of green blotches. These blotches were either randomly distributed over the entire leaflets or concentrated along the veins; sometimes they were surrounded by light green rings. On the basis of test plant studies, serology and electron microscopy it was concluded that the causal agent of the disease is peanut stripe virus (PStV). This virus has been described for the first time in the USA in 1984. Some potyviruses described earlier in Indonesia, viz. groundnut mottle-y and peanut mottle virus (PMV) probably are also PStV. The similarity of symptoms caused by PStV and peanut mottle virus was the reason why blotching on groundnut in Indonesia was ascribed for many years to PMV. As PStV causes severe yield losses, further research is being done on the epidemiology of the virus, on yield loss assesment and on testing breeding lines of groundnut for resistance.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 101 (1995), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: chickpea stunt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Yield losses caused by chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus in chickpea were estimated by comparing uninfected and infected plants in the field at two locations in India. When infection was before flowering, yield losses of individual plants amounted to nearly 100% in the three cultivars studies. Plants that became infected during flowering had yield losses of 75–90%. Percentage of crop loss is likely to equal percentage of disease incidence, since plant densities in farmers' fields are probably too low to allow uninfected plants around infected ones to compensate the yield losses of infected plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Flow, turbulence and combustion 31 (1975), S. 67-80 
    ISSN: 1573-1987
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Simplified nonlinear governing differential equations proposed by Berger for static cases and extended by Nash and Modeer for dynamic cases are used to analyse the title problem. Steady-state harmonic oscillations are assumed and the time variable is eliminated by a Kantorovich averaging method. The enclosure or comparison theorem of Collatz is then applied to the reduced equations to obtain the upper and lower bounds for the fundamental nonlinear frequency of simply-supported rectangular plates with linearly varying thickness. The fundamental eigenvalues are given for several taper and aspect ratios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 5 (1965), S. 120-125 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An experimental investigation of the elastoplastic behavior of certain torsionless grid frameworks is presented. The purpose of the test program was to determine the significance of the stiffness criterion in the evaluation of collapse loads of interconnected beam systems. The load-deflection relationships in the various members, the sequence of hinges and moment redistribution are studied. The test values are used to verify the theoretical values obtained by the application of the simple plastic theory.
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