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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pH-dependent adsorption of m-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid on a thermally prepared Ti/TiO"2 electrode
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 369 (1994), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0728
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-0728(94)87101-9
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative evaluation of electroreduction of nitrobenzene and m-dinitrobenzene on Ti/TiO2 electrodes in H2SO4 (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 24 (1994), S. 1256-1261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cyclic voltammetric studies of nitrobenzene and m-dinitrobenzene in 1M H2SO4 on thermally coated Ti/TiO2 electrodes indicate heterogeneous redox catalysis for both these compounds. Significant adsorption and blocking effect of these compounds are noticed at higher concentrations. m-Dinitrobenzene (MDNB) exhibits greater inhibitive adsorption when compared to nitrobenzene. These effects, however, do not significantly influence the yield and current efficiency of the reduction of these two nitro compounds to their corresponding amines. Under optimum experimental conditions yields of over 87% nitrobenzene reduction and over 83% m-dinitrobenzene reduction could be achieved. The electrolyte could also be reused by recovering the amines as their sulphates at lower temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249890
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electrochemical technique for the reduction of aromatic nitrocompounds in H2SO4 medium on thermally coated Ti/TiO2 electrodes (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 25 (1995), S. 690-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract An outline of the recently developed preparative method for the electroreduction of aromatic nitro-compounds using thermally coated Ti/TiO2 electrodes in H2SO4 medium is presented. The method of preparation of stable and electrochemically active Ti/TiO2 electrode is described. Cyclic voltammetry indicates wide variations in the heterogeneous redox catalysis of different aromatic nitro-compounds. Weak adsorption blocking due to insoluble film formation, catalytic hydrogen evolution and strong pH sensitive reactant adsorption effects are illustrated. Optimum conditions for the preparative scale electroreduction of these nitrocompounds are presented. The yields and current efficiencies were uniformly high for all the nitrocompounds involved. In addition to heterogeneous redox catalysis active hydrogen generated at the electrode surface also probably acts as efficient reducing agent on the preparative time scale. Reuse of electrolyte and stability of electrodes during prolonged electrolysis are also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241932
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrocatalytic reduction ofo andm-nitroanilines at a Ti/ceramic TiO2 cathode (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 22 (1992), S. 1192-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Galvanostatic reduction ofo andm-nitroanilines to the corresponding phenylenediamines has been carried out in aqueous H2SO4 medium at a Ti/ceramic TiO2 cathode under varying conditions of acid strength, current density and temperature. The best conditions for obtaining maximum yields of the corresponding diamines have been established. Results show higher current efficiency for diamine formation at a Ti/ceramic TiO2 cathode in comparison with those obtained at a copper cathode under identical conditions, thus indicating the electrocatalytic nature of the former. Experiments on the re-use of the electrolyte have also been carried out, the results of which show that the yields of the corresponding diamines are not affected up to the fourth re-use of the electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetric studies on the reduction of these compounds confirm that the reduction of the nitro group is catalysed by Ti4+/Ti3+ redox species at the electrode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297423
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indirect reduction of p-nitroaniline to p-phenylenediamine at a Ti/TiO2 electrode (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 22 (1992), S. 179-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01023821
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of chloroanilines at a Ti/ceramic TiO2-cathode (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 22 (1992), S. 1087-1090 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electroreduction of 2-, 3- and 4-chloronitrobenzenes (2-CNB, 3-CNB and 4-CNB) to the corresponding chloroanilines has been carried out under galvanostatic conditions in aqueous H2SO4 at a Ti/ceramic TiO2-cathode. A comparison of the yield and current efficiency (CE) for the amine formation at a Ti/ceramic TiO2-cathode with that at a copper cathode indicates the electrocatalytic nature of the former electrode. The results on the cyclic voltammetric behaviour of 2-CNB, 3-CNB and 4-CNB at a Ti/ceramic TiO2-cathode are also reported, and indicate a mechanism involving heterogeneous redox catalysis by Ti4+/Ti3+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029590
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrosynthesis of toluidines using thermally coated Ti/TiO2 electrodes (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 24 (1994), S. 965-969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cyclic voltammetric and preparative scale investigations on the electroreduction of (o-nitrotoluene (ONT), m-nitrotoluene (MNT), p-nitrotoluene (PNT) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) to their corresponding toluidines in 1 m H2SO4 using thermally coated Ti/TiO2 electrode are reported. In the cyclic voltammetric time scales inhibitive adsorption which decreased in the order i p ONT 〉 i p MNT 〉 i p PNT 〉 i p DNT was noticed. The heterogeneous redox catalytic currents were also found to decrease in the same order. In preparative electrolysis, these inhibitive effects became unimportant. Yields around 90% were achieved for all four nitro compounds. The thermally coated Ti/TiO2 electrode could be reused at least five times without any loss in yield and current efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241185
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indirect electroreduction of o-nitrophenol to o-aminophenol on titanium dioxide coated titanium electrodes (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 21 (1991), S. 60-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The heterogeneous catalytic redox behaviour of a titanium dioxide coated titanium electrode surface was investigated with and without o-nitrophenol using cyclic voltammetry. A comparison of the cyclic voltammograms recorded in the absence and in the presence of o-nitrophenol confirmed the catalytic reduction of o-nitrophenol by the surface Ti4+/Ti3+ redox system present on the electrode surface. Preparative scale experiments were also carried out using a Ti/TiO2 electrode of large surface area and the redox behaviour of the electrode was confirmed by the isolation of o-aminophenol with high current efficiency and yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103831
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pH-dependence of thermally-coated Ti/TiO2 electrodes in the absence and presence of nitrobenzene (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 26 (1996), S. 195-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cyclic voltammetric measurements on thermally coated Ti/TiO2 electrodes in 0.05–3.0 m H2SO4, Na2SO4 and NaOH media were carried out to evaluate the cause of pH sensitivity of these electrodes. The electrode activity decreased in the order H2SO4 〉 NaOH 〉 Na2SO4. Ionic strength had a significant influence on the electrode activity. In the redox catalysis of nitrobenzene reduction the pH dependence increased significantly. The electrode activity again decreased in the same order. In acid media the TiO2 surface is protonated. In alkaline media OH- ions are specifically adsorbed on the TiO2 surface. The concentration of these charged species, as well as the ease of counter ion transport through the charged layers during surface redox reactions in the oxide layer, is identified as the cause of the pH sensitivity of the electrodes. In acid media proton transport in the film occurs through a ‘surface Grothus’-like mechanism. In alkaline medium proton abstraction by OH− ions from the trapped H2O molecules may facilitate proton transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364070
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroreduction of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol at a TiO2/Ti electrode (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 19 (1989), S. 465-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015255
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