ALBERT

Description: We have fabricated bilayer films of tetragonal Heusler-like D 0 22 Mn 3 Ga and cubic Heusler Co 2 FeZ (Z = Si and Al) on (100) single-crystalline MgO substrates and investigated their structural and interfacial exchange coupling. The coupling in the Mn 3 Ga/Co 2 FeAl bilayer was either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic, depending on annealing temperature, whereas only antiferromagnetic exchange coupling was observed in the Mn 3 Ga/Co 2 FeSi bilayers. The effects of annealing on the structure and coupling strength in the bilayers are discussed.

Description: Dust particles from high latitudes have a potentially large local, regional, and global significance to climate and the environment as short-lived climate forcers, air pollutants, and nutrient sources. Identifying the locations of local dust sources and their emission, transport, and deposition processes is important for understanding the multiple impacts of high-latitude dust (HLD) on the Earth's systems. Here, we identify, describe, and quantify the source intensity (SI) values, which show the potential of soil surfaces for dust emission scaled to values 0 to 1 concerning globally best productive sources, using the Global Sand and Dust Storms Source Base Map (G-SDS-SBM). This includes 64 HLD sources in our collection for the northern (Alaska, Canada, Denmark, Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard, Sweden, and Russia) and southern (Antarctica and Patagonia) high latitudes. Activity from most of these HLD sources shows seasonal character. It is estimated that high-latitude land areas with higher (SI ≥0.5), very high (SI ≥0.7), and the highest potential (SI ≥0.9) for dust emission cover 〉1 670 000 km2, 〉560 000 km2, and 〉240 000 km2, respectively. In the Arctic HLD region (≥60∘ N), land area with SI ≥0.5 is 5.5 % (1 035 059 km2), area with SI ≥0.7 is 2.3 % (440 804 km2), and area with SI ≥0.9 is 1.1 % (208 701 km2). Minimum SI values in the northern HLD region are about 3 orders of magnitude smaller, indicating that the dust sources of this region greatly depend on weather conditions. Our spatial dust source distribution analysis modeling results showed evidence supporting a northern HLD belt, defined as the area north of 50∘ N, with a “transitional HLD-source area” extending at latitudes 50–58∘ N in Eurasia and 50–55∘ N in Canada and a “cold HLD-source area” including areas north of 60∘ N in Eurasia and north of 58∘ N in Canada, with currently “no dust source” area between the HLD and low-latitude dust (LLD) dust belt, except for British Columbia. Using the global atmospheric transport model SILAM, we estimated that 1.0 % of the global dust emission originated from the high-latitude regions. About 57 % of the dust deposition in snow- and ice-covered Arctic regions was from HLD sources. In the southern HLD region, soil surface conditions are favorable for dust emission during the whole year. Climate change can cause a decrease in the duration of snow cover, retreat of glaciers, and an increase in drought, heatwave intensity, and frequency, leading to the increasing frequency of topsoil conditions favorable for dust emission, which increases the probability of dust storms. Our study provides a step forward to improve the representation of HLD in models and to monitor, quantify, and assess the environmental and climate significance of HLD.

Description: Submicron particle detection is a challenging task, more so in flight. Calibration procedures of optical probes often include the use of polystyrene latex spheres (PSL) or atomized cloud droplets with Mie scattering approximation. However, these need to be corrected for “non-standard” particles such as dust. The National Research Council Canada (NRC) operates a Convair-580 aircraft. The NRC Convair-580 is a highly specialized and customizable research platform for in-situ and remote sensing atmospheric measurements. The aircraft is equipped with a variety of scientific instruments and sensors, including in-situ aerosol and cloud instruments and remote sensing systems. In June 2022, a field campaign titled the Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation, and Environment (ESCAPE) was conducted in the vicinity of Houston, Texas, USA. This experiment aimed to investigate the impact of aerosols and meteorological factors on the evolution of isolated convective cells. Here, we evaluate the performance of the airborne lidar, during dust events, using in-situ collected data of aerosol with an Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS). Furthermore, we investigate the sensitivity of Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP-2) and Fast Cloud Droplet Probe (FCDP) to desert dust and their added value in detection and sizing of dust aerosol. In addition, we use simulations of the NAAPS and HYSPLIT back-trajectory models to interpret the spatial distribution of the dust plume, near-ground and aloft, and characterize the respective particle size distributions.

Description: Updraft characteristics constrain convective mass flux, hydrometeor growth and precipitation efficiency and contribute to the spatial redistribution of energy, momentum, moisture, and aerosols in the troposphere. The impact of environmental parameters like instability, relative humidity, and vertical wind shear on convective updrafts characteristics, though important, remains poorly understood. Moreover, the relationships between updraft characteristics and cloud microphysical properties are a cause of uncertainty in cloud parameterizations for weather and climate models. The Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation and Environment (ESCAPE) campaign (2022) sampled isolated convective systems developing in different meteorological regimes in the vicinity of Houston. In this presentation the in-situ observations of cloud microphysics, vertical motion and airborne radars from the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) Convair-580 aircraft are used with ground-based radars to quantify the macrophysical and microphysical properties. During 13 research flights, the NRC Convair-580 sampled over 1100 individual updrafts, with at least 75 having strength 〉10 m s〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉 and a maximum strength of 29 m s〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉. The highest liquid water contents of 2 to 4 g m〈sup〉-3〈/sup〉 measured by bulk and scattering probes were frequently found to be coincident with the strongest updrafts. Further analysis of observed in-situ cloud microphysical properties as a function of updraft strength and environmental conditions, based on synoptic forcing, aerosol concentrations, soundings, surface observations and reanalysis data, will be presented.

Description: During last two decades 200 millions of kutum fingerlings were released into the Caspian Sea Rivers annually. Morpholine as retrieving agent were used by many researchers for homing of fishes. To understand the effects of morpholine on fisheries return of kutum fishes a project with use of tagging method was approved in2004 and its first phase started in 2005. Brooders were selected from Khoshkrud River and breeding were done in shahid ansari hatchery, Rasht. Totally 15930 fishes were subjected for this study. 5480 fingerlings (4-5g.) were used for determining the dose effects of morpholine (3 treatments 5x10*-2,5x10*-5 ,5x10*-7 mg/lit) in return rate and homing of fishes. Results revealed that there were significant differences between kutum return rate exposed with 5x10*-5 mg/lit (0.62 %) with other treatments i.e. : 5x10*-7 ، (0.15%) and 5x10*-2 (0.37%) during the experimented period(P〈0.001). To determine the critical period for imprinting of morpholine 10450 kutum fishes were exposed to 5x10*-5 mg/lit of morpholine in different growth stages(yolk sac fry ,active fry, 2-3-g. fingerlings , 4-5 g. fingerling ).Results showed significant difference between kutum return rate in active fry stage(1 %) compare to other stages i.e. , yolk sac fry (0.23%) , 2-3- g. fingerling(0.23%) , 4-5 g. fingerling (0.26%) and control(0.13) during the tree years of experiment(P〈0.001). There were significant difference in sex ratio [M(1.42): F(1)] in recaptured kutums in khoshkrud river( x2=6.4 α= 0.05 df= 1).Recapturing rate were 6.7 % compare to recapture rate during last 5 year(5%) revealed that morpholine can be use for return rate enhancing of kutum.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Anzali international wetland on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea has unique features and has a strategic role in maintaining the ecological balance of animals and birds.Anzali wetland is one of the most important ecosystem for fishes spawning and zooplankton groups are the first consumer in this ecosystem . he aim of this study was to investigate the changes in fish communities in March(1393) to May(1394 ). Profiles of chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, oxygen saturation and brightness levels were used to assess the degree of Eutrification wetland.Water analysis was conducted according to Standard Methods (APHA. 2005) . Physical and chemical sampling was used for the Ruthner. Data from this study showed that the annual average amount of total nitrogen was 0.519 ± 1.025 mg/l with minimum and maximum 3.187 and 0.279 mg/l respectively. The annual average total phosphorus was 0.137mg/l , with minimum and maximum 0.11 and 0.752mg /l respectively. The annual average total concentration was 47.4µg/l, with minimum and maximum 0.11 and 0.752 µg /l respectively. Mean water temperature was 19.2± 7.4 with minimum and maximum 9.5 and 32 ° C respectively. The annual average total pH wa 8.12 ± 0.6, with minimum and maximum 0.11 and 0.752mg /l respectively. The average annual amount of dissolved oxygen in all four regions of Anzali wetland was 2/6 ± 8/7 mg/l. According to the results, all areas except the western region of Anzali wetland (wetland Abkenar) are in the range of hypertrophy of trophic levels Based on these results and considering trophic index, chlorophyll and depth of transparency within the confines of hypertrophy in all areas of Anzali wetland. Generally all wetland areas are within the confines of Trophic Based on the concentrations of nitrogen and dissolved oxygen. Phytoplankton groups are very important producers in the anzali lagoon that have a significant role in the quality of water and the need to be constantly study their sequence and density.The surveywas conducted in six workstations March 1389-Feb 2012.Samples were taken for a liter of water with polica( P.V.C ) and fixed with formalin to 4% ratio. Five ml of the sample after becoming homogeneous, was sequestration for 24 hours in the laboratory and identified and counted by invert microscope. Based on the results of this reviews 67 genus (22, 26, 9, 5, 1, 2, 1, and 1 genus respectively of the Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta branches, Cryptophyta, Euglenophyta Chrysophyta, Pyrrophyta, the Xanthophyta) were identified. The results showed that the phytoplankton density was the most in Sorkhankol and Komeh Aghajani stations with annual average of 24387483±5643414 and 20381250 ± 5488084 per liter respectively.The Bacillariophyta ( particularly Cyclotella) was dominant in all of stations but high density of blue green algae (Cyanophyta) in Komeh aghajani station from July to mid-October have caused the annual average of these phylum is more than Bacillariophyta. In General, the average density of phytoplankton was the highest in summer than other seasons and was the lowest value in the fall. The number of the genus identified in this survay is less than previous studies. Compare this survey with the last studies reviews shows that diversity is reduced in the current situation in the anzali than previous studies. According to thestatistical analysis of the Kruskal Wallis, the density of phytoplankton had significant differences in the different months, stations and seasons (p 〉0.05). phytoplankton phylums have significant differences (p 〈 0.05) together. Zooplankton status was evaluated in 10 stations of different areas of the Anzali wet land during March 2014 to February2015. Sampling was done by tube (PVC) and passing through of 30 micron planktonic net. The samples were identified and counted by invert microscope. A total of 72 Genus (1, 8, 4, 35, 15, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3) of phylum Actinopoda, Rhizopoda, Ciliophora,, Rotatoria, Arthropoda, Gastrotricha, Mollusca, Tardigrada, Nematoda, Porifera, Annelida) were identified. The results showed that the maximum and Minimum annual average density of zooplankton was observed with 12383 ±9667 and 1539± 312 ind.lit-1 in Komeh Sheijan station and West Wetlands Center station Respectively.The population was more in the summer than in other season phylum of Rotatoria, Rhizopoda, Ciliophora and superclass Copepoda formed 59, 8,30 and 3 percent of the density respectively. According to the results the populationof zooplankton is ncreased compared to past studies. According to the statistical analysis Kruskal Wallis there were not significant differences between density of zooplankton in different stations, months and seasons (p 〉 0.05), but significant differences were found in between different phylum (p 〈 0.05). Benthic macro invertebrates were studied as a pert of a main project titled” Studying the variation of Aquatic communities in Anzali wetland”. 10 sampling site were determined and 3 replicate of sediments were monthly collected using a 400cm2 Van veen grab during years 1393-4. One additional sediment sample were gathered to determine TOM% and Grain Size. 14 macroinvertebrates taxa were identified as Chironomidae (Insecta,Diptera) and Tubificidae(Annelida, Oligochaeta) were dominant.Maximum and minimum densities of macroinvertebrateswere observed respectively in station 5 with 609±1119 n/m2 and station 1 with 93.32±27.92 n/m2 . Silt and clay constitute more than 85 percent of wetland bottom sediments with maximum of 93.2±27.92 percent in station 2 and minimum 72.21±27.92 in station 5. CCA analyse revealed no accordance of TOM% andsilt&clay% vectors with Tubificidae and total benthic fraquencies while Chironomidae frequency is in accordance. Intensifying eutrification process in Anzali wetland has effected its biota as the benthic fauna are almost limited in to most tolerant taxa which reflect the day after day increasing pollution Anzali lagoon. Anzali lagoon was important as a rich source of fish some 50–60 years ago when the catch was dominated by diadromous fish, mostly Rutilus frisii kutum.Endemic and exotic fish ecosystems are valuable fishes and veryimportant for biodiversity, water indicators and source of protein in the human food supply. Fish identification and stock assessment are very important for determination of age composition, diversity, abundance, distribution andintroduce of commercial fishes and exploitation. Sampling of this research was performed monthlyin 14 stations during 2013-2014. Catching fish, random sampling, species counted, fixation, biometric, sex determination, sex maturation stages, age composition were done according standard method . All data were recorded and analyzed in EXCEL and SPSS software. During one year, 6764 number of fishes was caught. Then, they were counted and weighed. Fish number for biometric and identification was 2775. The freshwater fishes of Anzali Lagoon comprise 25 species in 7 families and 23 genus . the most diverse family being the Cyprinidae with 19 species 15 genus.The maximum length was recorded 590 to 655 mm. Three species from exotic fishes similar to Carassius gibelio, Gambusia holbrooki and Hemiculter leucisculus were constitutedthe highest density with 63/59 percent in Anzali lagoon. The fish have been distributed at all sampling stations. Three species of big fishes similar to grass carp, Commoncarp and pike were constituted 2.4 percent of the total catches. Commercial fishes were constituted 59 percent of the caught fishes. Maximum number belonged to Carassius gibelio (1718 pieces) and Hemiculter leucisculus (1471 pieces). Sex ratio was done on 344 specimens with 93 male and 251 female.Sex ratio of Carassius gibelio (gold fish) was determined 12 (male) to 133 (female). Age composition was measured between 1 to 13 years. Maximum age of Carassius gibelio 5 years. Theoldest fish(13 years) was allocated to Cyprinus caprio species. Statistical analysis between average total length, fork length and total weight in five districts of wetland area of statistical significance between groups and within the group show at 5% level (p〈0.05).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: During last two decades 200 million of kutum fingerlings were released into the Caspian Sea Rivers annually. Morpholine as retrieving agent were used by many researchers for homing of fishes. To understand the effects of morpholine on fisheries return of kutum fishes a project with use of tagging method was approved in2004 and its first phase started in 2005. Brooders were selected from Khoshkrud River and breeding were done in shahid ansari hatchery, Rasht. Totally 15930 fishes were subjected for this study. 5480 fingerlings (4-5g.) were used for determining the dose effects of morpholine (3 treatments 5x10^*-2, 5x10^*-5 , 5x10^*-7 mg/lit) in return rate and homing of fishes. Results revealed that there were significant differences between kutum return rate exposed with 5x10^*-5 mg/lit (0.62 %) with other treatments i.e. : 5x10^*-7 ، (0.15%) and 5x10^*-2 (0.37%) during the experimented period(P〈0.001). To determine the critical period for imprinting of morpholine 10450 kutum fishes were exposed to 5x10^*-5 mg/lit of morpholine in different growth stages(yolk sac fry ,active fry, 2-3-g. fingerlings , 4-5 g. fingerling ).Results showed significant difference between kutum return rate in active fry stage(1 %) compare to other stages i.e. , yolk sac fry (0.23%) , 2-3- g. fingerling(0.23%) , 4-5 g. fingerling (0.26%) and control(0.13) during the tree years of experiment(P〈0.001). There were significant difference in sex ratio [M(1.42): F(1)] in recaptured kutums in khoshkrud river (x_2=6.4 α= 0.05 df= 1).Recapturing rate were 6.7 % compare to recapture rate during last 5 year(5%) revealed that morpholine can be used for return rate enhancing of kutum.