ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 29 (1982), S. 205-221 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Diabasgänge im Ötztal-Stubaier Altkristallin durchschlagen diskordant die präalpidischen Strukturen. Die einzelnen Gänge zeigen untereinander einen stark schwankenden Chemismus basaltischer-andesitischer Zusammensetzung. Der primäre magmatische Mineralbestand ist durch eine von SE nach NW abnehmende alpidische Metamorphose vollständig umgewandelt. Die dabei gebildeten Minerale lassen sich in sechs verschiedene, kartierbare Paragenesen gliedern, die einer Temperaturzunhame von ca. 300° auf 530° entsprechen.
    Notes: Summary Diabase dikes which cut across the pre-Alpine metamorphic complex (“Altkristallin”) of the Stubai-Ötztal-Alps show a highly variable composition in the basalt-andesite field. The primary magmatic minerals were converted into metamorphic assemblages during Alpine regional metamorphism that increased in grade systematically from northwest to southeast. Six mappable mineral parageneses in the diabase dikes demonstrate temperature ranges from 300° in the northwesternmost outcrops to 530° in the southeastern Ötztal Alps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 79 (1990), S. 355-371 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The Sukumaland Greenstone Belt (new name), which is located in north-western Tanzania hosts a large number of gold deposits, prospects and occurrences. The Archean stratigraphy comprises an older basement of granitic gneisses (Dodoman System) overlain by mafic and ultramafic volcanics which are succeeded by felsic volcanic rocks and a banded iron formation (BIF), predominantly as oxide facies. The volcanics and BIF together make up the Nyanzian System. The uppermost part of the Archean stratigraphy (Kavirondian System) consists of conglomerates and quartzites which rest unconformably on the older units. The sequence has been intruded by both syn- and post-orogenic granitoids and by several generations of felsic and intermediate dykes and sills. Gold mineralisation is abundant in all stratigraphic units except for the granitic rocks. Six types of mineralisation can be distinguished. These are BIF-hosted, hear zone type, (quartz-) vein type, clastic sedimenthosted alluvial/eluvial, and massive sulphide type deposits. The last is represented by only one deposit in this area. The location of the BIF-hosted gold mineralisation is controlled by trachytic rocks of both dyke- and sill-like appearance and brecciated shear zones which follow the contacts between BIF and intercalations of tuff. The host rocks around these trachytes and shear zones have been pervasively mineralised with pyrite, auriferous pyrite and native gold, selectively replacing magnetite layers. The mineralisation grades from massively replaced layers at the trachyte/BIF- or tuff/BIF-contact into disseminated layers, rare specks of pyrite and eventually into barren BIF. Permeable features such as veins, fractures, breccia zones and shear zones may contain mineralisation even away from the main ore zones. Ore textures and fire assay results from Geita and Jubilee Reef indicate the introduction of ore fluids via epigenetic conduits into the adjacent wall rocks. Neither a depletion halo in the adjacent BIF (lateral secretion) nor a zone of footwall alteration or stringer ore, which might support a syngenetic/replacement concept for the mineralisation have been found. The main precipitating mechanism was probably a redox reaction of the ascending, reducing ore fluids with the magnetite of the BIF. This reaction resulted in the replacement of magnetite by pyrite, a rise in Eh, and the precipitation of gold together with the pyrite. The authors propose an epigenetic mineralisation process which produced ore-grade mineralisation of different styles in all stratigraphic units. The special physico-chemical trap of the magnetite layers led to the development of pyrite/gold mineralisation of generally stratabound appearance. The ore fluids originated probably from granitic intrusions and the underlying mafic volcanics are a possible gold source. For textural reasons the surrounding BIF is unlikely to have supplied a major portion of the gold.
    Abstract: Résumé Le «Sukumaland Greenstone Belt» (nouveau nom), situé dans le nord-ouest de la Tanzanie, renferme un grand nombre de venues aurifères, d'importances économiques diverses. Au point de vue stratigraphique, l'Archéen comprend un socle ancien de gneiss granitiques (Système de Dodoman), surmonté de volcanites mafiques à ultramafiques auxquelles succèdent des volcanites felsitiques et une formation ferrugineuse rubanée (BIF = banded iron formation) de faciès essentiellement oxydé. L'ensemble des volcanites de la BIF constitue le Système Nyanzien. La partie supérieure de l'Archéen (Système Kavirondien) consiste en conglomérats et quartzites discordants sur les unités plus anciennes. Le tout a été intrudé par des granitoïdes syn- et post-orogéniques et par plusieurs générations de dykes et sills felsitiques et intermédiaires. La minéralisation en or est abondante dans toutes les unités stratigraphiques, à l'exception des roches granitiques. On peut distinguer six types de minéralisations: celles qui sont contenues dans la BIF, celles qui sont associées à des shear-zones, à des veines de quartz, des paléo-placers, des minéralisations alluviales et éluviales et un type à sulfures massifs, ce dernier représenté seulement par un seul exemplaire. L'emplacement des minéralisations contenues dans la BIF est en relation avec la présence de roches trachytiques en sills ou en dykes et avec des shear-zones bréchiées qui jalonnent le contact entre la BIF et des intercalations de tuf. Les rocheshôtes au voisinage de ces trachytes et de ces shear-zones ont été imprégnées de pyrite, de pyrite aurifère et d'or natif, qui ont remplacé sélectivement les lits de magnétite. Il existe tous les intermédiaires entre les lits remplacés massivement aux contacts trachyte/BIF ou tuf/BIF, les lits à pyrites éparses et les lits stériles. En dehors, et même assez loin de ces zones de contact favorables, des concentrations minéralisées se rencontrent en des endroits perméables, tels que veines, fractures, zones bréchiques et shear-zones. Les textures des minerais ainsi que les analyses (fire assay) du «Geita and Jubilee reef» montrent l'envahissement des roches adjacentes par des solutions minéralisantes circulant dans des conduits épigénétiques. On n'a observé ni halos appauvris dans les roches BIF adjacentes, ni zones d'altération dans les roches stratigraphiquement sous-jacentes, phénomènes susceptibles d'être invoqués à l'appui d'un modèle de remplacement syngénétique. Le mécanisme principal de la précipitation a probablement consisté en une réaction d'oxydo-réduction entre la magnétite de la BIF et les fluides minéralisés réducteurs ascendants. Cette réaction a entraîné le remplacement de la magnétite par la pyrite, une augmentation de Eh et la précipitation simultanée de l'or. Les auteurs proposent un processus de minéralisation épigénétique aboutissant à des dépôts de types divers dans chaque unité stratigraphique. Les pièges physico-chimiques que constituaient les niveaux à magnétite ont conduit à des corps minéralisés de pyrite aurifère d'allure généralement stratiforme. L'origine des fluides minéralisateurs aurifères doit probablement être trouvée dans les intrusions granitiques et les volcanites mafiques sous-jacentes. Des raisons structurales rendent peu probable qu'une fraction importante de l'or provienne de la BIF avoisinante.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Sukumaland Greenstone Belt (neuer Name) im Nordwesten Tanzanias beherbergt eine große Zahl von Goldvorkommen unterschiedlicher wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung. Die Archaische Stratigraphie umfaßt ein aus granitischem Gneiss bestehendes Grundgebirge (Dodoman-System), auf dem mafische und ultramafische Vulkanite ruhen, die wiederum von felsischen Vulkaniten und hauptsächlich oxydischer banded iron formation (BIF) überlagert werden. Diese Vulkanit- und BIF-Serien stellen die stratigraphische Einheit des Nyanzian-Systems dar. Der Top der Archaischen Stratigraphie wird von Konglomeraten und Quarziten des Kavirondian gebildet, welches diskordant auf den älteren Einheiten liegen. Synund postorogene Granitoide sowie mehrere Generationen von felsischen und intermediären Gängen sind in die Archaische Abfolge intrudiert. Goldindikationen und -vorkommen sind relativ häufig und treten in allen stratigraphischen Einheiten mit Ausnahme der Granitoide auf. Dabei lassen sich sechs Typen von Goldmineralisationen unterscheiden; diese sind: Gold in BIF, in Scherzonen, in Goldquarzgängen, in klastischen Archaischen Sedimenten, in Alluvionen und in massiven Sulfiden. Vom letztgenannten Typ ist bisher lediglich ein Vorkommen im Untersuchungsgebiet bekannt. Die Position der Goldmineralisation in den BIFs wird von trachitischen Dykes und Sills sowie von Scherzonen im Kontaktbereich zwischen BIF und Tuffeinschaltungen kontrolliert. Die Kontaktbereiche zu den brekziierten Scherzonen und trachytischen Gesteinen sind stark mineralisiert, wobei Pyrit, goldhaltiger Pyrit und Freigold selektiv Magnetitlagen verdrängt und sulfidisiert haben. Der Verdrängungsprozeß Magnetit/Pyrit hat im direkten Kontaktbereich zwischen Trachit bzw. Tuffzwischenlagen und BIF zur Bildung von massiven Pyrit-Lagen geführt. Lateral gehen diese massiv sulfidisierten Bereiche in Lagen von Magnetit mit disseminierter Pyritmineralisation über, weiter distal in vereinzelte Pyritkörner und schließlich in sulphidfreie Oxydfazies-BIF. Außerhalb dieser mineralisierten Kon taktzonen, teilweise in erheblichem Abstand zur Hauptmineralisation, enthalten auch Bereiche erhöhter (tektonischer) Permeabilität, wie z. B. kleine Trümer, Klüfte, Brekzien- und Scherzonen, stellenweise reiche Pyrit/Gold-Mineralisationen. Untersuchungen von Erzverteilung und -texturen sowie Goldanalysen (fire assay) von Geita und Jubilee Reef belegen eine Wanderung der Erzlösungen durch epigenetische Strukturen in die Magnetitlagen des umgebenden Gesteins. Es konnten weder Zeichen für Lateralsekretion — vom umliegenden Gestein in Erzzonen oder Goldquarzgänge — noch eine Alterationszone im stratigraphisch Liegenden festgestellt werden; beide Phänomene wären deutliche Argumente für ein syngenetisches Konzept (mit teilweiser späterer Umverteilung der Mineralisation). Die Verteilungsmuster der Goldgehalte sprechen gegen eine intraformationelle Herkunft des Goldes. Der Hauptausfällungsmechanismus dürfte eine Redoxreaktion der aufsteigenden reduzierten Erzlösungen mit den Magnetitlagen der BIF gewesen sein. Diese Redoxreaktion hatte die Verdrängung des Magnetit durch Pyrit (Sulfidisierung) sowie eine drastische Erhöhung des Eh-Wertes zur Folge und bedingte so die Ausfällung des Goldes zusammen mit dem Pyrit. Ein epigenetischer Mineralisationsprozeß führte zur Bildung reicher Goldvererzungen unterschiedlicher Typen in sämtlichen stratigraphischen Einheiten. Innerhalb der BIF bedingte die spezielle physiko-chemische Falle der Magnetitlagen die Bildung schichtgebundener Pyrit/Goldmineralisation epigenetischen Ursprungs. Die Erzlösungen stammten vermutlich von granitischen Intrusionen wobei die mafischen Vulkanite des tieferen Nyanzian als naheliegende Lieferanten des Goldes in Betracht kommen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 22 (1987), S. 190-197 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The chromitite occurrences in the Central Palawan ophiolite can be classified into four groups based on their chemistry and geological relationships. Group-I chromites from a deep tectonite level of the ophiolite complex show Cr/(Cr+Al) values of between 0.78 and 0.90, whereas group II from a shallower level gives values of 0.64–0.78, and group III from the immediate gabbro lower contact (dunite: cumulates and diapirs) show values of 0.5–0.64. Group-IV chromites from the gabbro zone have ratios around 0.38–0.5. Larger orebodies (type A), representing a first stage of partial melting of a primordial mantle, show Cr/Fe ratios between 2.5 and 4.5, whilst those of small chromitite bodies with a thin dunite envelope (type B) lie below 2.5. These small bodies belong to a second stage of magma generation. For both types the Cr/Fe ratio increases with the chromite/silicate ratio within individual occurrences. An additional method which may help to subdivide these chromitites involves their silicate and ore inclusions. The platinum-group minerals, for example, occur mainly in chromites of group II, type A. The intensive Tertiary tectonic activity to which the ophiolite was subjected during and after emplacement disturbs the regular pattern of the ophiolite stratigraphy and its chromitite occurrences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Publication Date: 2002-01-01
    Description: We have analysed two Late Holocene records, each about 5 ka long, consisting of varved sediments deposited in the oxygen minimum zone off Pakistan (upper continental slope off Ormara and west of Karachi). Varve counting was checked by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating. Detailed lithofacies analysis, ultra-high-resolution X-ray fluorescence scanning, flux rates from sediment traps and the lamina-by-lamina-analysis of a 5 year record (1993-1998) support our interpretation of the annual character of the laminae. Although the pelagic material is deposited throughout the year, most of it is apparently laid down during the high-productivity period of the late summer monsoon. During the winter (mainly mid-December to February-March) mainly light-coloured detrital material (siliciclastic material and reworked carbonate flour) is deposited, probably by river flood events. Event deposits include turbid-plume or suspensate deposits (light grey homogeneous to graded silty clay layers), which are being laid down at decadal or shorter intervals; they are explained by episodically strong river floods after heavy rains transporting mud-charged waters to the narrow shelf and onto the steep continental slope. Medium grey or reddish grey, graded and laminated silt turbidites originated from less frequent, unchannelized, low-density turbidity currents. In general, periods with thin varves (generally correlated with rare turbidites) are correlated with minima of detrital element ratios (TiO2/Al2O3, Zr/Al2O3, K2O/Al2O3), especially in Period I (c. 5600-4700 a bp), suggesting a climate with reduced precipitation and river runoff (possibly winter monsoon dominated). Period II (4700-2600 a bp) is characterized by comparatively thick varves documenting a generally wet period (with possibly summer monsoon domination). During Period III (2600-1000 a bp) a gradual thinning of varves and a decrease of turbidite abundance (thickness) per century is interpreted as a gradual decline of precipitation and river runoff leading finally to dry conditions from 1600 to 1000 a bp. The sequence of cycles detected by autocorrelation and standard Fourier analysis seems to contain a large proportion of multiples of the lunar perigee cycle (4.425 a, 8.85 a) and the lunar (half) nodal cycle (9.3 a, 18.6 a). Our test for cyclicity in the series of varve thickness (varve cycles) and of abundance of turbidites (turbidite cycles) detected prominent high-frequency cycles. Some cycles of varve thickness match the cyclicity of turbidite frequency. We also detected the presence of a 1470 a cycle, previously reported from the glacial-age Greenland ice record.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Publication Date: 1994-09-01
    Description: Based on petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical data, two groups of rodingites have been documented from the polymetamorphic Vumba Schist Belt of Botswana. Group I rodingites contain relict chromite grains with zoned uvarovite-grossular + clinopyroxene + epidote/zoisite ± quartz, whereas group II rodingites contain no chromite and uvarovite. Although the presence of chromite with Cr/(Cr + Al + Fe3+) ratio 〉 90, similar to chromites found in komatiites, suggests a possible komatiitic origin of group I rodingites, the major and trace element chemical data of most analysed basic rocks from this belt indicate that the protoliths of both groups of rodingites are related to basalt/gabbro of komatiitic affinity. The rodingites formed during the M3 phase of metamorphism.
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Publication Date: 2002-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Publication Date: 1987-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0026-4598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1866
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Publication Date: 1990-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7835
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1149
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Publication Date: 1982-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0041-3763
    Electronic ISSN: 1438-1168
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...