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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mediterranean juvenile bluefin tuna: life history patterns (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: As there is a lack of information on the growth and migrations of bluefin tuna, information about them was gathered using the structural and chemical characteristics of their otoliths and mercury levels in body tissues as indicators of physiological and habitat characteristics. The otoliths of juvenile tuna caught in the Spanish Mediterranean littoral were studied. Otolith increments, assumed to be formed daily, were enumerated. Measurements by wavelength dispersive electron microprobe confirmed the presence of strontium in otolith tissue, and an inverse relationship between strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) concentration ratio and temperature is suggested. Electron microprobe analyses combined with daily increment analyses of otoliths provided life history profiles for individual fish. Additional Sr/Ca concentration ratio data on fish supported the idea that Sr/Ca ratios can provide information on the environmental history of individual fish. Body concentrations of mercury were related to otolith analyses to suggest age structure, critical life history periods, growth environment, stock structure, food web position, and migration history. The techniques applied present an innovative approach to management-related problems, and the combination of chemical analyses with structural analyses promises to expand our knowledge of the life history of migratory fishes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03000.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal and spatial variation in length of larval life and size at settlement of the Hawaiian amphidromous goby Lentipes concolor (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 59 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Larvae of the Hawaiian amphidromous goby Lentipes concolor settled after a mean length of larval life (LLL) of 86·2±8·5 days (n=236, range=63–106 days) at a mean size of 16·0±0·7 mm LT (n=154, range=14·1-17·9 mm). Mean LLL for L. concolor was about twice that typically reported for tropical marine gobiids. Variation in LLL (CV=10%) and size at settlement (CV=4%) were low, and comparable to that for marine gobiids. LLL and LT were weakly positively correlated (Pearson's correlation coefficient r=0·50, P〈0·0001). Larvae settled after shorter planktonic lives and at smaller sizes during months with warmer ocean temperatures. Inter-island variation in LLL did not support a dominant south-east to north-west larval drift, following the dominant south-east to north-west flow of prevailing currents in the Archipelago. Instead, recruits on Maui Island, centrally located in the archipelago, had shorter LLL than recruits to upstream Hawai'i and downstream Kaua'i islands. These findings have important implications for understanding the complex life history dynamics of amphidromous fishes as well as their management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00162.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhythmic structural and chemical patterns in otoliths of the Antarctic fish Notothenia larseni: Their application to age determination (1984)
    Springer
    Polar biology 3 (1984), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sagittal otoliths from Notothenia larseni contain microincremental growth rings which are distinctly visible in otolith sections using Scanning Electron Microscopy. These microincrements are similar to those deposited daily in the otoliths of fishes from temperate and tropical waters. Microincrements were easily enumerated and fish length was related to increment number by a logarithmic curve. Otolith microstructure analysis appears to provide a technique to accurately determine age and growth rates in these fish. Sr/Ca ratios in otolith aragonite were analyzed along a radius from the outside edge to the core of an otolith section using an electron microprobe. The strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) ratios varied with a cyclic periodicity apparently related to seasonal water temperature cycles and the number of cycles agreed closely with age estimated from “daily” microincrement counts. Sr/ca cycles can potentially be used to determine age, validate growth rates determined by other methods, and establish thermal conditions experienced during the life of a fish. Microstructural and chemical analyses of otoliths demonstrate great potential in helping to answer many questions about the growth processes and ecology of Antarctic fishes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292624
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating the age of Antarctic larval fish from otolith microstructure using light and electron microscopy (1995)
    Springer
    Polar biology 15 (1995), S. 587-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Larval fish of Antarctica have very narrow rings on their otoliths (〈1 μm) that may not be resolved with light microscopy. In this study, age data from the otoliths of larval Nototheniidae (Gobionotothen gibberifrons and Lepidonotothen larseni), determined using light and scanning electron microscopy, are compared. Rings 0.4 μm wide were observed on otoliths viewed under electron microscopy; however, light microscopy could only resolve rings ⩾ 0.5 μm wide. Scanning electron microscopy is more time consuming and costly than light microscopy but has greater resolving power and is recommended to validate ring counts made using light microscopy in otolith studies with Antarctic larval fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239651
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproduction of the Antarctic fish Nototheniops nudifrons (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 100 (1989), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The reproductive biology of the Antarctic fish Nototheniops nudifrons (Lönnberg, 1905) was analyzed by examination of the gonads of fish collected in March and April 1985 in trawls near Low Island, Antarctic Peninsula, and compared to direct observations of reproduction and early larval development in the laboratory from March to October of the same year. Males and females reached sexual maturity at an age of 4 to 5 yr. Mature males differed in coloration from females and immature males. Ovaries of sexually mature females contained two distinct size modes of vitellogenic oocytes, representing two separate clutches of developing eggs. Females spawned 100 to ∼ 3 500 demersal eggs, which were laid in a nest in crevices or under rocks, and guarded by the male for about 4 mo. Females did not assist in nest defense or egg care. Most spawning in the field and in the laboratory occurred in late fall and early winter (May to June). A second clutch may be spawned in spring (November and December). Eggs hatched after 124 d, and larvae were raised for 38 d. Otoliths of larvae contain internal microincrements, which are deposited in a daily fashion, and are visible by light microscopy. The otoliths of 32 adult fish were examined by scanning electron microscope, and counts of microincrements in these otoliths allowed the backcalculation of hatching dates. Estimated hatching dates were between September and May.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391969
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental information stored in otoliths: insights from stable isotopes (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 127 (1996), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The present study compares the stable oxygen-and carbon-isotope ratios (180:16O;13C:12C) in the otoliths of Atlantic cod,Gadus morhua, with those expected at equilibrium with seawater. Otoliths from juveniles reared for a 3 mo period under controlled conditions indicate that otoliths are formed in isotopic disequilibrium with seawater. This is probably due to positive metabolic fractionating of the heavier isotopes. This “vital effect” remains constant over the temperature range studied here (9 to 16°C) but may differ among other species. Our data indicate that the concentration of18O in calcium carbonate is inversely related to temperature and is described as ∂18Oa − ∂w − 3.79 − 0.200(T°C). The13C:12C ratios of otoliths and body tissues are related to the carbon ratio in the food source, although we found that the13C concentration is considerably higher in the otoliths relative te, the body tissues and the diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993656
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microprobe analyses of anadromous Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, otoliths to infer life history migration events (1997)
    Springer
    Polar biology 19 (1997), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Otoliths of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, from north Labrador were examined to gather life history information pertinent to anadromous migrations. Wavelength dispersive electron microprobe measurements confirm the presence of strontium in otolith tissue. Trace element analyses of charr otoliths imply that otolith strontium/calcium concentration ratios are related to external environmental factors with salinity having a great influence. Otoliths clearly record habitat shifts consistent with migration across major salinity boundaries. Most charr first migrate to sea following at least 2 years in freshwater. Generally, when anadromy begins, it continues annually. Robust relationships in otolith chemistry, combined with macrostructure patterns in field-captured specimens, provide time-series data describing individual migrational histories. Validation studies are still required in order to couple information contained within daily increments with chemical analyses to infer additional temporal events in diadromous migrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050209
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding, conversion efficiencies, and growth of larval mummichogs, Fundulus heteroclitus (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 55 (1979), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Feeding rates, conversion efficiencies and growth of larvae of the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, an extremely abundant estuarine fish, were measured at temperatures ranging from 18° to 30°C. The food used was Artemia salina nauplii. At the time of total yolk sac absorption (5 to 7 days after hatching), the feeding rate decreased for a short time, an indication of a shift in metabolism. Higher feeding rates and growth occurred at higher rearing temperatures. The highest conversion efficiency (gross growth efficiency) was 1.1%, at 22°C. Mummichog larvae may be energetically inefficient compared with other fish species, but efficiency might not be critical for this fish, which is an opportunistic omnivore in an energy-rich environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396823
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical and structural characteristics of statoliths from the short-finned squid Illex illecebrosus (1983)
    Springer
    Marine biology 76 (1983), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Statoliths of the short-finned squid Illex illecebrosus were chemically analyzed to define their chemical composition and surveyed by scanning electron microscope to differentiate internal structural patterns. X-ray diffraction data demonstrated that I. Illecebrosus statoliths were composed principally of CaCO3 in the aragonite crystal form. The crystals occurred in a protein matrix to form incremental patterns which radiated from the nucleus to the edge of the statoliths. The protein matrix comprised approximately 5% of the statolith by weight. The protein was principally composed of acidic amino acids. A high abundance of aspartic acid in the protein matrix indicated that the matrix would function as a template in the initiation and acceleration of the crystal growth of CaCO3. The rhythmic microstructural patterns, constructed of aragonite crystals in the protein matrix, were suggested to be daily in formation and subsequent growth estimations were in agreement with known life history information. The stable isotopic composition of the carbonate of I. illecebrosus statoliths suggested that oxygen may be deposited in isotopic equilibrium with the surrounding environment while carbon appeared to be related to biological processes. The information recorded in the statoliths as incremental growth and stable isotopic composition could provide valuable insights into the ecological history of squid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393054
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  • 10
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    Chemical and structural characteristics of statoliths from the short-finned squid Illex illecebrosus (1983)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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