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  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In order to identify chromosomes involved in resistance to Fusarium head blight, a set of 21 substitution lines of Triticum macha (resistant) chromosomes into ‘Hobbit’'sib’(susceptible) were evaluated in trials over 2 years. For the first year's trial, all plants were inoculated on the same day with a conidial suspension of F. culmorum. For the second trial, individual plants were inoculated precisely at mid anthesis of each plant over a period of 2 weeks. The disease level was assessed by visual scoring, relative ear weight and F. culmorumn-specfic quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that T. macha chromosomes 1B, 4A and 7A conferred good overall resistance, suggesting that they carry important genes for resistance. In two additional trials, T. macha and ‘Hobbit’'sib’ were evaluated for resistance to brown foot rot. The results showed that T. macha was more susceptible than ‘Hobbit’‘sib’, indicating that stem base disease response is not correlated with head blight resistance in these cultivars.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Resistance to Septoria nodorum was investigated in seedlings of an amphiploid generated from Triticum dicoccum Shübl. and Aegilops squarrosa Tausch, and in a series of substitution lines of single chromosomes from this synthetic hexaploid into Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ in three tests to determine the chromosomal location of resistance. From the Ae. squarrosa parent (D genome), chromosome 5D was found to confer a high level of resistance, reducing lesion cover to near that of the amphiploid in the three tests. Chromosomes 3D, and to a lesser extent, 7D were also found to confer significant resistance to the amphiploid. Three chromosomes, 2A, 3B and 5A, from the T. dicoccum parent (AB genomes) also conferred resistance but to a lesser extent than 7D. Two chromosomes, 2B and 2D, caused a significant decrease in resistance. ‘Chinese Spring’ may thus carry genes for resistance to S. nodorum on these chromosomes which are absent in the synthetic hexaploid.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two profiles of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were detected among 59 isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides from diverse geographical sources. One profile (type II) was present only among isolates pathogenic on rye (R-type), and a second profile (type I) was present in W, C and S-pathotypes of the fungus. Mitochondrial DNA from P. herpotrichoides hybridized strongly to DNA of P. anguioides, but very weakly to DNA from P. aestiva, suggesting that the latter is not closely related to P. herpotrichoides. Fifteen profiles of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were observed among isolates with type I mtDNA, and five of these were only found among seven isolates from Ireland. The other profiles present among type-I isolates appeared to be largely independent of geographic origin. Three rDNA profiles were observed among R-type (type II mtDNA) isolates.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Biochemical differences between the wheat, rye and couch-grass pathotypes of the eyespot pathogen, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, have been identified by comparing isoenzyme profiles and DNA markers from several isolates. The wheat (W) and rye (R) pathotypes were clearly differentiated by both techniques, with isoenzyme profiling also separating the couch-grass isolates from the W- and R-type isolates. The isoenzyme profiles separated the P. herpotrichoides pathotypes from the two related species, P. anguioides and P. aestiva. The isoenzyme profiles of P. anguioides were closer to those of the R-type isolates of P. herpotrichoides than the W-type isolates, whereas the banding pattern of P. aestiva was very different. The isoenzyme profiles of the two German isolates, originally obtained from Nirenberg's laboratory, P. herpotrichoides var. herpotrichoides and var. acuformis, were similar to those of the wheat and rye pathotypes, respectively, isolated from UK-infected material.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Genetic variation in Fusarium species on wheat was investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Single-spore lines (76) of Fusarium were recovered from 24 ears of wheat in a field plot exhibiting severe symptoms of Fusarium ear blight and identified using classical taxonomic criteria. Four Fusarium species were present, of which F. avenaceum and F. culmorum were predominant with F. lateritium and F. poae present in two ears and one ear, respectively. RFLP analysis using rDNA (pTA71) or total genomic DNA from an F. culmorum isolate clearly distinguished the four species. Genetic fingerprints of the isolates generated using DNA of bacteriophage M13 (which contains a mini-satellite repeat sequence) revealed considerable variation within three of the four species (except F. poae). Generally, only a single clone was recovered from each ear and in all but one case only a single species was obtained from each spikelet. However, in several instances it appeared that more than one clone of a species was present within a single spikelet.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Tapesia yallundae was observed in early July on wheat straws, which had been inoculated with isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (W-type) 9 months previously and placed in plots of winter wheat, to act as inoculum in a resistance screen. A perfect state was not observed on straws inoculated with R-type isolates in the same experiment. One hundred and thirty-four single-ascospore isolates were obtained and observations on morphology in culture, pathogenicity to wheat and rye seedlings, resistance to benomyl and the pattern of restriction fragment length polymorphisms demonstrated that all isolates were W-type, although some grew at half the expected rate on agar, and at least two isolates were involved in the production of apothecia. Apothecia were produced in vitro on straws inoculated with single isolates of P. herpotrichoides only when they were incubated in contact with other straws similarly inoculated with certain other isolates. No apothecia were produced on straws with only isolate present, suggesting the need for at least two strains, possibly representing different mating types, for apothecium formation. Apothecia of T. yallundae were produced in vitro on straw pieces which had been inoculated individually with W-type isolates, 14-16 weeks after straws of different isolates were mixed. Evidence for genetic recombination between isolates was obtained when single-ascopore colonies were analysed for resistance to benomyl in culture and for restriction-length polymorphisms (RFLPs).
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishers
    Plant pathology 47 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Existing PCR-based assays for the detection of the cereal pathogen Fusarium avenaceum were found to cross-react with F. tricinctum. An investigation into the phenetic relationship between these two species using two different marker systems revealed a close relationship between them despite their being from separate taxonomic sections. Whilst RFLP differences in the ITS regions surrounding the nuclear 5.8 S rDNA were insufficient to discriminate between isolates of the two species, they were clearly differentiated by RAPD profiling. RAPD fragments from F. avenaceum isolates were screened for hybridization to F. tricinctum DNA on Southern blots. One of 12 selected RAPD fragments showed no hybridization to genomic DNA from F. tricinctum. This fragment was cloned and sequenced, and the sequence obtained was used to design PCR primers. The primers were found to be specific for F. avenaceum, with no cross-reactions obtained with F. tricinctum or any other wheat pathogen assayed. The primers were able to differentiate between the two species in infected plant material, in contrast to the earlier assays.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 6·7-kb DNA fragment has been isolated from an R-type isolate of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides that exhibits specific hybridization to R-type isolates and not to W, C or S pathotypes or to P. anguioides. R-type isolates are polymorphic with respect to this fragment and three sizes were present (11·6, 6·7 and 4·5 kb) in EcoRI-digested DNA from isolates of a world-wide collection. Infection of rye seedlings was demonstrated by hybridization of this probe to DNA extracted from infected plants.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 41 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A study was conducted on the genetic control of the response of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei, the causal agent of barley powdery mildew, to two fungicides: the hydroxypyrimidine ethirimol, and the triazole, sterol demethylation inhibitor triadimenol. In tests of responses to both fungicides, sets of progeny of various crosses were classified by principal components analysis into discrete resistant and sensitive classes. A single allele controlled the response to ethirimol of the resistant isolate DH14 in crosses with the sensitive isolates CC52 and CC138. The ethirimol-resistance alleles of DH14 and another resistant isolate. CC107, are at the same locus or are closely linked. Alleles at single loci controlled resistance and sensitivity to triadimenol in crosses of DH14 (sensitive) with CC107 (moderately resistant) and CC138 (highly resistant). There was no evidence for polygenic control of response to either fungicide. The ethirimol response locus and the two putative triadimenol response loci are designated Eth1 and Tdl1 and Tdl2, respectively. There was no evidence for linkage of Eth1 and Tdl2 in the cross CC138 × DH14, in which responses to both fungicides segregated.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides were classified by a variety of established techniques including colony morphology, colour, pathogenicity on seedlings and spore morphology. In all cases, certain isolates could not be clearly classified and correlation between the systems was incomplete. In particular, the typing system of Nirenberg in which two varieties of P. herpotrichoides (var. herpotrichoides and var. acuformis) are recognized did not correlate with the widely used UK system based on colony morphology on PDA: fast, even (F E) and slow, feathery (S/F). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in total DNA and rDNA indicated groupings related to morphology (and pathogenicity) with considerable polymorphisms in rDNA of F/E isolates. Generally, good correlation was found between RFLP markers and other tests.
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