Publication Date:
2010-08-24
Description:
The development of the human cerebral cortex is an orchestrated process involving the generation of neural progenitors in the periventricular germinal zones, cell proliferation characterized by symmetric and asymmetric mitoses, followed by migration of post-mitotic neurons to their final destinations in six highly ordered, functionally specialized layers. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms guiding these intricate processes is in its infancy, substantially driven by the discovery of rare mutations that cause malformations of cortical development. Mapping of disease loci in putative Mendelian forms of malformations of cortical development has been hindered by marked locus heterogeneity, small kindred sizes and diagnostic classifications that may not reflect molecular pathogenesis. Here we demonstrate the use of whole-exome sequencing to overcome these obstacles by identifying recessive mutations in WD repeat domain 62 (WDR62) as the cause of a wide spectrum of severe cerebral cortical malformations including microcephaly, pachygyria with cortical thickening as well as hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. Some patients with mutations in WDR62 had evidence of additional abnormalities including lissencephaly, schizencephaly, polymicrogyria and, in one instance, cerebellar hypoplasia, all traits traditionally regarded as distinct entities. In mice and humans, WDR62 transcripts and protein are enriched in neural progenitors within the ventricular and subventricular zones. Expression of WDR62 in the neocortex is transient, spanning the period of embryonic neurogenesis. Unlike other known microcephaly genes, WDR62 does not apparently associate with centrosomes and is predominantly nuclear in localization. These findings unify previously disparate aspects of cerebral cortical development and highlight the use of whole-exome sequencing to identify disease loci in settings in which traditional methods have proved challenging.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3129007/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3129007/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bilguvar, Kaya -- Ozturk, Ali Kemal -- Louvi, Angeliki -- Kwan, Kenneth Y -- Choi, Murim -- Tatli, Burak -- Yalnizoglu, Dilek -- Tuysuz, Beyhan -- Caglayan, Ahmet Okay -- Gokben, Sarenur -- Kaymakcalan, Hande -- Barak, Tanyeri -- Bakircioglu, Mehmet -- Yasuno, Katsuhito -- Ho, Winson -- Sanders, Stephan -- Zhu, Ying -- Yilmaz, Sanem -- Dincer, Alp -- Johnson, Michele H -- Bronen, Richard A -- Kocer, Naci -- Per, Huseyin -- Mane, Shrikant -- Pamir, Mehmet Necmettin -- Yalcinkaya, Cengiz -- Kumandas, Sefer -- Topcu, Meral -- Ozmen, Meral -- Sestan, Nenad -- Lifton, Richard P -- State, Matthew W -- Gunel, Murat -- RC2 NS070477/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RC2 NS070477-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH081896/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U24 NS051869-02S1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024139NIH/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UO1MH081896/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 9;467(7312):207-10. doi: 10.1038/nature09327. Epub 2010 Aug 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20729831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animals
;
Base Sequence
;
Brain/*abnormalities/growth & development/pathology
;
Brain Diseases/*genetics/pathology
;
DNA Mutational Analysis/*methods
;
Female
;
Genes, Recessive
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Mice
;
Microcephaly/genetics/pathology
;
Molecular Sequence Data
;
Mutation
;
Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
;
Pedigree
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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