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  • 1
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    Measurements of the pair production cross section close to the threshold energy (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-12
    Description: Author(s): M. Jentschel, W. Urban, P. Mutti, P. Courtois, G. S. Simpson, and R. Frahm [Phys. Rev. C 84, 052501] Published Fri Nov 11, 2011
    Keywords: Electroweak Interaction, Symmetries
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    The Location of Magnetic Reconnection at Saturn's Magnetopause – a Comparison with Earth (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-18
    Description: Data from the Cassini Electron Spectrometer are used to investigate the location of magnetic reconnection at Saturn's magnetopause. Heated, streaming electron distributions in the boundary layer on the magnetosheath side of the magnetopause are evidence of reconnection and an open magnetopause. A model for the location of reconnection is used to compare the modeled and observed streaming direction of the heated electron distributions. Magnetic reconnection at Saturn's magnetopause is predicted and observed to occur at locations similar to those at Earth's magnetopause. Although not conclusive, the results here are consistent with the expected importance of x-line drifts in suppressing low-shear reconnection. Because of different conditions at Saturn's magnetopause, this suppression is predicted to be more severe at Saturn than at Earth.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Time-Resolved X-ray Diffraction Study of Solid Combustion Reactions (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-21
    Description: Real-time synchrotron diffraction has been used to monitor the phase transformations of highly exothermic, fast self-propagating solid combustion reactions on a subsecond time scale down to 100 milliseconds and in some instances to 10 milliseconds. Three systems were investigated: Ti + C --〉 TiC; Ti + C + xNi --〉 TiC + Ni-Ti alloy; and Al + Ni --〉 AlNi. In all three reactions, the first step was the melting of the metal reactants. Formation of TiC in the first two reactions was completed within 400 milliseconds of the melting of the Ti metal, indicating that the formation of TiC took place during the passage of the combustion wave front. In the Al + Ni reaction, however, passage of the wave front was followed by the appearance and disappearance of at least one intermediate in the afterburn region. The final AlNi was formed some 5 seconds later and exhibited a delayed appearance of the (210) reflection, which tends to support a phase transformation from a disordered AlNi phase at high temperature to an ordered CsCl structure some 20 seconds later. This new experimental approach can be used to study the chemical dynamics of high-temperature solid-state phenomena and to provide the needed database to test various models for solid combustion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, J -- Larson, E M -- Holt, J B -- Waide, P A -- Rupp, B -- Frahm, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 21;249(4975):1406-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17812168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Solar wind-induced atmospheric erosion at Mars: first results from ASPERA-3 on Mars Express (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-28
    Description: The Analyzer of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA) on board the Mars Express spacecraft found that solar wind plasma and accelerated ionospheric ions may be observed all the way down to the Mars Express pericenter of 270 kilometers above the dayside planetary surface. This is very deep in the ionosphere, implying direct exposure of the martian topside atmosphere to solar wind plasma forcing. The low-altitude penetration of solar wind plasma and the energization of ionospheric plasma may be due to solar wind irregularities or perturbations, to magnetic anomalies at Mars, or both.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lundin, R -- Barabash, S -- Andersson, H -- Holmstrom, M -- Grigoriev, A -- Yamauchi, M -- Sauvaud, J-A -- Fedorov, A -- Budnik, E -- Thocaven, J-J -- Winningham, D -- Frahm, R -- Scherrer, J -- Sharber, J -- Asamura, K -- Hayakawa, H -- Coates, A -- Linder, D R -- Curtis, C -- Hsieh, K C -- Sandel, B R -- Grande, M -- Carter, M -- Reading, D H -- Koskinen, H -- Kallio, E -- Riihela, P -- Schmidt, W -- Sales, T -- Kozyra, J -- Krupp, N -- Woch, J -- Luhmann, J -- McKenna-Lawler, S -- Cerulli-Irelli, R -- Orsini, S -- Maggi, M -- Mura, A -- Milillo, A -- Roelof, E -- Williams, D -- Livi, S -- Brandt, P -- Wurz, P -- Bochsler, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1933-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden. rickard.lundin@irf.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Plasma acceleration above martian magnetic anomalies (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-18
    Description: Auroras are caused by accelerated charged particles precipitating along magnetic field lines into a planetary atmosphere, the auroral brightness being roughly proportional to the precipitating particle energy flux. The Analyzer of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms experiment on the Mars Express spacecraft has made a detailed study of acceleration processes on the nightside of Mars. We observed accelerated electrons and ions in the deep nightside high-altitude region of Mars that map geographically to interface/cleft regions associated with martian crustal magnetization regions. By integrating electron and ion acceleration energy down to the upper atmosphere, we saw energy fluxes in the range of 1 to 50 milliwatts per square meter per second. These conditions are similar to those producing bright discrete auroras above Earth. Discrete auroras at Mars are therefore expected to be associated with plasma acceleration in diverging magnetic flux tubes above crustal magnetization regions, the auroras being distributed geographically in a complex pattern by the many multipole magnetic field lines extending into space.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lundin, R -- Winningham, D -- Barabash, S -- Frahm, R -- Holmstrom, M -- Sauvaud, J-A -- Fedorov, A -- Asamura, K -- Coates, A J -- Soobiah, Y -- Hsieh, K C -- Grande, M -- Koskinen, H -- Kallio, E -- Kozyra, J -- Woch, J -- Fraenz, M -- Brain, D -- Luhmann, J -- McKenna-Lawler, S -- Orsini, R S -- Brandt, P -- Wurz, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):980-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, S-98 128, Kiruna, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Quick scanning monochromator for millisecond in situ and in operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-10
    Description: The design and capabilities of a novel Quick scanning Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (QEXAFS) monochromator are presented. The oscillatory movement of the crystal stage is realized by means of a unique open-loop driving scheme operating a direct drive torque motor. The entire drive mechanics are installed inside of a goniometer located on the atmospheric side of the vacuum chamber. This design allows remote adjustment of the oscillation frequency and spectral range, giving complete control of QEXAFS measurements. It also features a real step-scanning mode, which operates without a control loop to prevent induced vibrations. Equipped with Si(111) and Si(311) crystals on a single stage, it facilitates an energy range from 4.0 keV to 43 keV. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra up to k = 14.4 Å −1 have been acquired within 17 ms and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra covering more than 200 eV within 10 ms. The achieved data quality is excellent as shown by the presented measurements.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Hard disk drive based microsecond x-ray chopper for characterization of ionization chambers and photodiodes (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-10
    Description: A fast X-ray chopper capable of producing ms long X-ray pulses with a typical rise time of few μ s was realized. It is ideally suited to investigate the temporal response of X-ray detectors with response times of the order of μ s to ms, in particular, any kind of ionization chambers and large area photo diodes. The drive mechanism consists of a brushless DC motor and driver electronics from a common hard disk drive, keeping the cost at an absolute minimum. Due to its simple construction and small dimensions, this chopper operates at home lab based X-ray tubes and synchrotron radiation sources as well. The dynamics of the most important detectors used in time resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy, namely, ionization chambers and Passivated Implanted Planar Silicon photodiodes, were investigated in detail. The results emphasize the applicability of this X-ray chopper.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPEXAFS at the L2,3 edges of Eu3Fe5O12, Gd and Tb metal and the alloy HoGd (abstract) : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5347-5347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Systematic studies of the magnetic or spin-dependent EXAFS (SPEXAFS) were performed at the L2/3 edges of Eu3Fe5O12, Gd and Tb metal and the alloy Ho20Gd80. The magnetic absorption exhibits distinct EXAFS structure, more pronounced than the nonmagnetic EXAFS. The Fourier transform of the Eu L2/3-edges SPEXAFS spectra, which are measured with an accuracy of less than 5×10−5, show a complete disappearance of the oxygen peak. This allows an identification of the positions of the magnetic neighbors for a significantly longer range as it is possible by using the conventional EXAFS profile. Studies of the alloy Ho20Gd80 at the L2/3 edges of both components, which show no significant differences in the polarization averaged EXAFS, indicate an essential influence of the spin structure at the absorbing atom on the magnetic EXAFS spectrum. At the L3 edge of Gd and Tb metal (both of hcp structure) we found similar structures in the conventional as well as in the magnetic EXAFS. The data are interpreted in terms of the sensibility of the SPEXAFS on the angular momentum of the absorbing and neighboring atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353727
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the differential structure factor of liquid bromobenzene by anomalous x-ray scattering (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 667-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Liquid bromobenzene (C6H5Br) has been studied with differential anomalous scattering to determine the differential structure factor of the Br atoms. The experiments were carried out at beam line W1 at the Hamburger Synchrotronlaboratorium (HASYLAB). The differential structure factor was checked by comparison with the theoretical intramolecular structure factor calculated from well-known data of the intramolecular geometry of C6H5Br. The differential radial distribution function shows a peak at 3.9 A(ring), which can be assigned to Br–Br atom pairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458419
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    K-shell spectroscopy of Ar clusters (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 6820-6826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Total ion yield spectra of a supersonic beam of Ar clusters have been recorded in the Ar K-shell (1s) spectral region using synchrotron radiation. The spectrum of the cluster component of beams containing argon clusters of mean size N¯≈400 atoms is similar to that of the x-ray absorption spectrum of solid Ar. Analysis of the Ar 1s extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) indicates an average first shell Ar–Ar distance in the cluster similar to that of the solid, but there is an increased Debye–Waller (disorder/thermal motion) term as well as changes in the higher coordination shell signals.Time-of-flight mass spectra and photoion–photoion coincidence (PIPICO) spectra of argon cluster beams are reported and the charge separation mechanisms of multiply charged argon clusters are discussed. The results are compared to those from recent studies of the Ar 2p spectra of Ar clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.464773
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