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  • 1
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    Structure-function studies on fungal Tps2 [Biochemistry] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Trehalose is a disaccharide essential for the survival and virulence of pathogenic fungi. The biosynthesis of trehalose requires trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, Tps1, and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, Tps2. Here, we report the structures of the N-terminal domain of Tps2 (Tps2NTD) from Candida albicans, a transition-state complex of the Tps2 C-terminal trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase domain...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Origin of risk aversion [Economic Sciences] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Risk aversion is one of the most basic assumptions of economic behavior, but few studies have addressed the question of where risk preferences come from and why they differ from one individual to the next. Here, we propose an evolutionary explanation for the origin of risk aversion. In the context...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Dynamic egg color mimicry (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-25
    Description: Evolutionary hypotheses regarding the function of eggshell phenotypes, from solar protection through mimicry, have implicitly assumed that eggshell appearance remains static throughout the laying and incubation periods. However, recent research demonstrates that egg coloration changes over relatively short, biologically relevant timescales. Here, we provide the first evidence that such changes impact brood parasite–host eggshell color mimicry during the incubation stage. First, we use long-term data to establish how rapidly the Acrocephalus arundinaceus Linnaeus (great reed warbler) responded to natural parasitic eggs laid by the Cuculus canorus Linnaeus (common cuckoo). Most hosts rejected parasitic eggs just prior to clutch completion, but the host response period extended well into incubation (~10 days after clutch completion). Using reflectance spectrometry and visual modeling, we demonstrate that eggshell coloration in the great reed warbler and its brood parasite, the common cuckoo, changes rapidly, and the extent of eggshell color mimicry shifts dynamically over the host response period. Specifically, 4 days after being laid, the host should notice achromatic color changes to both cuckoo and warbler eggs, while chromatic color changes would be noticeable after 8 days. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the perceived match between host and cuckoo eggshell color worsened over the incubation period. These findings have important implications for parasite–host coevolution dynamics, because host egg discrimination may be aided by disparate temporal color changes in host and parasite eggs. We show that the color of great reed warbler and common cuckoo eggs change rapidly, and the extent of eggshell color mimicry shifts dynamically over the incubation period. Therefore, a host's ability to discriminate a parasitic egg may be aided by these temporal color changes.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Dendritic network models improve isoscapes and quantify influence of landscape and in-stream processes on strontium isotopes in rivers (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-06
    Description: A critical challenge for the Earth sciences is to trace the transport and flux of matter within and among aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric systems. Robust descriptions of isotopic patterns across space and time, called ‘isoscapes’, form the basis of a rapidly growing and wide-ranging body of research aimed at quantifying connectivity within and among Earth's systems. However, isoscapes of rivers have been limited by conventional Euclidean approaches in geostatistics; and the lack of a quantitative framework to apportion the influence of processes driven by landscape features versus in-stream phenomena. Here, we demonstrate how dendritic network models substantially improve the accuracy of isoscapes of strontium isotopes, and partition the influence of hydrologic transport versus local geologic features on strontium isotope ratios in a large Alaska river. This work illustrates the analytical power of dendritic network models for the field of isotope biogeochemistry, particularly for provenance studies of modern and ancient animals.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    A novel retinoblastoma therapy from genomic and epigenetic analyses (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-13
    Description: Retinoblastoma is an aggressive childhood cancer of the developing retina that is initiated by the biallelic loss of RB1. Tumours progress very quickly following RB1 inactivation but the underlying mechanism is not known. Here we show that the retinoblastoma genome is stable, but that multiple cancer pathways can be epigenetically deregulated. To identify the mutations that cooperate with RB1 loss, we performed whole-genome sequencing of retinoblastomas. The overall mutational rate was very low; RB1 was the only known cancer gene mutated. We then evaluated the role of RB1 in genome stability and considered non-genetic mechanisms of cancer pathway deregulation. For example, the proto-oncogene SYK is upregulated in retinoblastoma and is required for tumour cell survival. Targeting SYK with a small-molecule inhibitor induced retinoblastoma tumour cell death in vitro and in vivo. Thus, retinoblastomas may develop quickly as a result of the epigenetic deregulation of key cancer pathways as a direct or indirect result of RB1 loss.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289956/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289956/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Jinghui -- Benavente, Claudia A -- McEvoy, Justina -- Flores-Otero, Jacqueline -- Ding, Li -- Chen, Xiang -- Ulyanov, Anatoly -- Wu, Gang -- Wilson, Matthew -- Wang, Jianmin -- Brennan, Rachel -- Rusch, Michael -- Manning, Amity L -- Ma, Jing -- Easton, John -- Shurtleff, Sheila -- Mullighan, Charles -- Pounds, Stanley -- Mukatira, Suraj -- Gupta, Pankaj -- Neale, Geoff -- Zhao, David -- Lu, Charles -- Fulton, Robert S -- Fulton, Lucinda L -- Hong, Xin -- Dooling, David J -- Ochoa, Kerri -- Naeve, Clayton -- Dyson, Nicholas J -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Bahrami, Armita -- Ellison, David -- Wilson, Richard K -- Downing, James R -- Dyer, Michael A -- CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA64402/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY014867/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY018599/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- GM81607/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA155202/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014867/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014867-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018599/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018599-03/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jan 11;481(7381):329-34. doi: 10.1038/nature10733.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22237022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Chromosomal Instability/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Retinoblastoma/genetics ; *Genomics ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Mutation/genetics ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma/*drug therapy/*genetics/pathology ; Retinoblastoma Protein/deficiency/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Computational approach for calculating bound states in quantum field theory (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Author(s): Q. Z. Lv, S. Norris, R. Brennan, E. Stefanovich, Q. Su, and R. Grobe We propose a nonperturbative approach to calculate bound-state energies and wave functions for quantum field theoretical models. It is based on the direct diagonalization of the corresponding quantum field theoretical Hamiltonian in an effectively discretized and truncated Hilbert space. We illustra… [Phys. Rev. A 94, 032110] Published Thu Sep 08, 2016
    Keywords: Fundamental concepts
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Linking otolith microchemistry and dendritic isoscapes to map heterogeneous production of fish across river basins (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-23
    Description: Production patterns of highly mobile species, such as anadromous fish, often exhibit high spatial and temporal heterogeneity across landscapes. Such variability is often asynchronous in time among habitats, which stabilizes production at aggregate scales of complexity. Reconstructing production patterns explicitly in space and time across multiple scales, however, remains difficult but is important for prioritizing habitat conservation. This is especially true for fishes inhabiting river basins due to long-range dispersal, high mortality at early life stages, complex population structure and elusive life history variation. We develop a new approach for mapping production patterns of Pacific salmon across a large river basin by integrating otolith microchemistry and dendritic isoscape models. The geographically continuous Bayesian assignment framework presented here yielded high accuracies (〉90%) and relatively high precisions (precisions 〈4%; i.e., assignment areas of 〈530 river km of the 13100 km total river length) when used to determine the natal source of known-origin juvenile Chinook salmon captured throughout the study region. Integrating these methods enabled us to base estimates of provenance and habitat use of individuals on a per location basis using strontium isotopic data throughout the continuous spatial domain of a river network. Such a framework provides substantial advantages over the more common nominal approach to employing otolith microchemistry to reconstruct movement patterns of fish. In doing so, we reconstructed the spatial production patterns of adult Chinook salmon returning to a large watershed in Bristol Bay, Alaska and illustrate the power of such an approach to conservation efforts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1051-0761
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5582
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ doping of GedxSi1−x with arsenic by rapid thermal processing chemical vapor deposition (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 724-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the growth of GexSi1−x epitaxial layers in situ doped with arsenic by rapid thermal processing chemical vapor deposition at 800 and 900 °C. Films were grown with activated doping levels of up to 2×1019 cm−3 and dopant transition widths (1019–1015 cm−3) of better than 350 A(ring). Doping was observed to reduce growth rates and significantly improve film quality. Defect densities of the order of 103 cm−2 were achieved with normalized film strains of up to 99%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106549
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boron-enhanced low-temperature Si epitaxy by rapid thermal processing chemical vapor deposition (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 474-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate that epitaxial growth temperatures can be lowered by in situ boron incorporation using rapid thermal processing chemical vapor deposition (RTPCVD). Heavily boron-doped epitaxial layers with very abrupt dopant transition profiles have been grown at 800 °C. Carrier concentrations as high as 5×1019 cm−3 were obtained with defect densities of the order of 102–103 cm−2. The film quality and surface morphology were closely related to dopant concentration. Higher dopant concentrations improved surface morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107861
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma immersion ion implantation of SiF4 and BF3 for sub-100 nm P+/N junction fabrication (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 348-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sub-100 nm P+/N junctions were fabricated using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). With this technique, the silicon wafer was immersed in SiF4/BF3 plasma and biased with a negative voltage. The positively charged ions in the plasma sheath were accelerated by the electric field and implanted into the wafer. The dose rate of PIII can be much higher than that of conventional ion implanter. Whereas the dopant activation behavior is similar. For extremely shallow P+/N junction formation, sample preamorphization and short cycle rapid thermal annealing (RTA) are required. With SiF4 PIII preamorphization followed by BF3 PIII doping and RTA at 1060 °C for 1 s, 80 nm P+/N junctions were successfully obtained. Test diodes fabricated with this technique show good characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106392
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