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  • 1
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    Physicochemical properties of dynamic Aerosol Particles using Nano Digital Holographic Microscopy (Nano-DIHM): Beyond the diffraction darrier (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-19
    Description: In-situ and real-time characterization of the size, phase, and morphology of aerosol particles is vital to several fundamental and applied research domains, including atmospheric chemistry and physics, air quality, climate change, and human health. To date, without optical traps, digital holographic microscopy has not been able to image moving airborne nanosized particles. In this presentation, we developed a novel integrated digital in-line holographic microscopy system coupled with a flow tube (Nano-DIHM), in which moving aerosol particles were imaged. We demonstrated Nano-DIHM ability to successfully characterize: 1) particle phase, shape, morphology, 2) 4D dynamic trajectories (position in space at frequent time points), and 3) 3D dimensions of airborne particles ranging from the nanoscale to the microscale. In summary, we demonstrated for the first time the successful application of Nano-DIHM for nanosized particles (≤ 200 nm) in dynamic systems without optical traps. The Nano-DIHM allows observation of moving particles in 3D space and simultaneous measurement of each particle's three dimensions. As a proof of concept, we report the real-time observation of 100 nm and 200 nm particles in the air and aqueous/solid/heterogeneous phases. Nano-DIHM successfully imaged particles in both the stationary (immobilized) and dynamic (free-flowing aerosol) modes. The novel Nano-DIHM technique was validated by high-resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) and aerosol sizers. The broad applicability of this new experimental technique is expected to open new directions in applied and fundamental particle research.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 2
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    Structural and electron spin state changes in an x-ray heated iron carbonate system at the Earth's lower mantle pressures (2022)
    In:  Physical Review Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: The determination of the spin state of iron-bearing compounds at high pressure and temperature is crucial for our understanding of chemical and physical properties of the deep Earth. Studies on the relationship between the coordination of iron and its electronic spin structure in iron-bearing oxides, silicates, carbonates, iron alloys, and other minerals found in the Earth’s mantle and core are scarce because of the technical challenges to simultaneously probe the sample at high pressures and temperatures. We used the unique properties of a pulsed and highly brilliant x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) beam at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European XFEL to x-ray heat and probe samples contained in a diamond anvil cell. We heated and probed with the same x-ray pulse train and simultaneously measured x-ray emission and x-ray diffraction of an FeCO3 sample at a pressure of 51 GPa with up to melting temperatures. We collected spin state sensitive Fe Kβ1,3 fluorescence spectra and detected the sample’s structural changes via diffraction, observing the inverse volume collapse across the spin transition. During x-ray heating, the carbonate transforms into orthorhombic Fe4C3O12 and iron oxides. Incipient melting was also observed. This approach to collect information about the electronic state and structural changes from samples contained in a diamond anvil cell at melting temperatures and above will considerably improve our understanding of the structure and dynamics of planetary and exoplanetary interiors.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    A MHz X-ray diffraction set-up for dynamic compression experiments in the diamond anvil cell (2023)
    In:  Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-24
    Description: An experimental platform for dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) research has been developed at the High Energy Density (HED) Instrument at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL). Advantage was taken of the high repetition rate of the European XFEL (up to 4.5 MHz) to collect pulse-resolved MHz X-ray diffraction data from samples as they are dynamically compressed at intermediate strain rates (≤103 s−1), where up to 352 diffraction images can be collected from a single pulse train. The set-up employs piezo-driven dDACs capable of compressing samples in ≥340 µs, compatible with the maximum length of the pulse train (550 µs). Results from rapid compression experiments on a wide range of sample systems with different X-ray scattering powers are presented. A maximum compression rate of 87 TPa s−1 was observed during the fast compression of Au, while a strain rate of ∼1100 s−1 was achieved during the rapid compression of N2 at 23 TPa s−1.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The construction of a gas aggregation source for the preparation of mass-selected ultrasmall metal particles (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1853-1857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design and operation of a high temperature gas aggregation source, capable of in situ deposition of mass-selected atomic clusters of transition metals onto a substrate in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber, is described. Mass-selection is achieved by an ultrahigh mass quadrupole filter operating at masses up to 3×104 amu. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147957
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amoeboid Locomotion of Naegleria gruberi: the Effects of Cytochalasin B on Cell-Substratum Interactions and Motile Behaviour (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 37 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The major manifestations of amoeboid locomotion in Naegleria—cytoplasmic streaming, pseudopod production, cell polarity and focal contact production—require that the actin-based cytoskeleton be extremely dynamic. Whether these features are causally linked is unclear. In an attempt to answer this question we have used the fungal product cytochalasin B (cyt B) to dissect the motility process. This drug can perturb the organisation of actin filaments both in vivo and in vitro. Essentially cyt B acts as a molecule which can cap the barbed ends of actin filaments. Not surprisingly therefore cyt B has an effect on rates of actin polymerization and the dynamic state of actin in the cytoplasm.We have found that cyt B has a profound effect on focal contact production and breakdown. Within minutes of addition of cyt B focal contact production ceases, existing focal contacts are stabilised but cytoplasmic streaming and pseudopod production are not blocked. In conclusion it is now clear that the state of actin required for focal contact production is different from that required for pseudopod extension and cytoplasmic streaming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1990.tb01139.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ARTIFICIAL REARING OF CALVES ON PASTURE (1957)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 12 (1957), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two feeding trials are described in which indoor and outdoor methods of rearing calves are compared.In a small experiment in 1953 Ayrshire calves reared on pasture from birth made similar weight gains (approximately 1 lb. per day) to control animals reared conventionally indoors.In an experiment in 1954 the outside-reared members of ten pairs of calves gained at a significantly slower rate (P〈0.01) than their pair mates reared inside. The dry-matter digestibility of the herbage on offer to the calves outside was high (〈70%) throughout the experiment but, during August, in a period of particularly wet and cold weather, the amounts of T.D.N. consumed by the calves were less than their theoretical requirements. Concomitantly the worm burden of the calves increased to a critical level of 2,000 eggs per gram of faeces with associated symptoms of parasitic gastritis and loss of weight.The relation of environmental factors, particularly the interacting factors of climate, nutrition and worm parasites, to the growth of outside reared calves is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1957.tb00970.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Mechanism of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Ribonucleic Acids (1954)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 76 (1954), S. 2871-2872 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01640a004
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical Synthesis and Properties of Butyryl Adenylate1 (1956)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 78 (1956), S. 4671-4675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01599a039
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complexes of thiazoles. I. Zinc(II), cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II), and platinum(II) derivatives of alkyl-substituted thiazoles (1970)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 9 (1970), S. 268-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic50084a017
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of stable isotope natural abundance variations (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Precise stable isotope natural abundance analysis of the elements of organic matter, yields a wealth of information for the biologist. Robust sample preparation methodology and analytical instrumentation is necessary to achieve precise results. Basic principles of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) are detailed, with particular regard to sample size, gas production and transfer into the IRMS ion source. Gas preparation methods developed to give quantitative yields of pure simple gases from organic and inorganic materials include vacuum line combustion, ampoule combustion and automated elemental analysers used off and on-line. The new technique of GC-C-IRMS, where individual volatile organic compounds are separated by GC, combusted and analysed on-line by IRMS, is also described. The conventional dual batch inlet developed by geochemists for the most precise analysis of stable isotopes, is contrasted with continuous flow-IRMS analysis. The needs of the biological scientist for rapid throughput of small samples are discussed in this context. It is argued that the development of new instrumental approaches will permit many new applications of stable isotope methodology in the biological sciences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01659.x
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