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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 6 (1997), S. 93-108 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Branding has traditionally been viewed as an essential tool for marketers to establish an identity for their products. Even products among the commodity range make use of branding to establish a position for themselves in the market. Unbranded or "generic" products, therefore, tend to go against this branding principle. These products, which are usually sold at a price which is lower than their branded equivalents, are most often found in the area of low-involvement grocery items. Previous studies of consumer perceptions of generic products tend to be broad in their scope by looking at generic products as a product category, rather than seeking consumer views on individual generic products. This paper identifies the characteristics of generic purchasers, and their broad perceptions of generic products as a group; and, the research extends previous work in the area by comparing a range of individual generic products to each other in terms of their value, quality and packaging. In addition, the research identifies how much importance consumers attach to value, quality and packaging when buying these individual products - in generic form or otherwise. A mail survey of 1,000 New Zealanders revealed that, in contrast to previous studies, generic consumers tend to be older and on a lower household income. In general, consumers do not believe that generics are substandard products. However, when looking at individual generic products, the less standardized generic products are not performing as well as others when it comes to consumers' perceptions and demands. Proposes that if generic products are to have a recognizable future, it may be necessary to embark on a program which enhances consumer perception of the quality and value of the less standardized generic products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Internet research 7 (1997), S. 5-8 
    ISSN: 1066-2243
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Explores the problems of "counting" hits and visits to Web sites on the World Wide Web. Nominally, cyberspace offers unrivalled monitoring and tracking potential when compared with other marketing media. However, further inspection reveals some complicating factors. Identifies the phenomenon of cache memory, the use of proxy servers and trawler software and explores their influence on under- and over-counting. Drawing on the hierarchy of effects model developed by Berthon et al. (1996), presents a series of correction factors. Concludes that the problem of accurate counting on the Web is a new manifestation of an old problem: old wine in new bottles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 20 (2002), S. 405-416 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: China's accession to the World Trade Organisation has raised concerns about pirated and counterfeit products not only in China, but also in Asia in general. This research explores the demand determinants of Hong Kong consumers purchasing non-deceptive pirated brands. Utilising a structured questionnaire and counter-biasing statements, results from face-to-face street intercept interviews showed low spenders on non-deceptive pirated brands are mainly students or blue-collar workers between the ages of 19 and 24, with secondary education and earning a monthly income of HK$1,999 or below. High spenders on non-deceptive pirated brands are mainly white-collar workers between the ages of 25 and 34, with tertiary education and earning a monthly income of HK$10,000 to HK$19,999. Consumers identify non-deceptive pirated brands by their low price and buying location. The findings also demonstrate that the criteria for choice of non-deceptive pirated brands differ by product category. Based on these results, this paper makes recommendations for original brand manufacturers and policy makers for combating non-deceptive pirated brands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 19 (2001), S. 475-482 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Retail shopping bags are a form of secondary packaging, which are provided by retailers (free of charge) to customers as a means of transporting merchandise. In Hong Kong, the reuse of shopping bags is a common phenomenon. What are the important reasons for consumers to use and reuse shopping bags? What are the usage frequencies of different kinds of shopping bags? There are no published studies relating to shopping bags, therefore, this exploratory study aims to provide an initial insight toward consumer perceptions of shopping bags. After qualitative work, a survey consisting of a total of 200 personally-administered questionnaires was conducted at a selection of Hong Kong's Mass Rapid Transport (MRT) stations in Hong Kong. The target sample included males and females aged 15 or over, with an equal distribution of each gender. The findings indicated that the majority of interviewees would like to use and reuse paper shopping bags rather than plastic shopping bags. In addition, the interviewees desired different attributes from paper shopping bags when compared with plastic shopping bags. Finally, the relationship between the duration of keeping a shopping bag and the frequency of reusing the same bag is identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of retail and distribution management 22 (1994), S. 18-26 
    ISSN: 0959-0552
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The increasing provision of self-service technologies such as automatedtelling machines (ATMs) in retail banking means that customers now havea variety of means of carrying out their banking business In many cases,the functions of these technologies overlap with the functions of thebank branch. Seeks to determine the form and function of the retailbank branch network in New Zealand, in the presence of theseself-service technologies, to the years 2000 and 2010 To achieve thisobjective, a Delphi study was conducted with leading experts from bothbanks and technology supplying companies The results indicated that inthe short term the bank branch in its current from will remain veryimportant. In the longer term, while the bank branch will still be veryimportant, one can expect a reduction in numbers In part this reductionwill be caused by the availability of remote banking technology whichreduces the need for the bank branch The main city centres will supplycustomers with staffless branches - a branch which is dominated byself-service technology In branches which are still dominated by humanstaff, tellers will become salespeople armed with platform automation,i.e. personal computers which both themselves and customers can accessto in order to obtain product profiles and other informationSelf-service technology in the branch "vestibules" will also becomewidespread Given these findings, banks will need to monitorcontinuously, in terms of profitability and customer service levels, thehuman/technology mix in their branches In addition, banks will need torecognize and reward front-line staff who display selling skills.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of retail and distribution management 24 (1996), S. 19-26 
    ISSN: 0959-0552
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents research which explores tenant-manager relationships in managed shopping centres. In order to address this issue a sample of 16 shopping centre managers and 45 clothing retailers within these centres was taken in the lower North Island of New Zealand. Clothing retailers were chosen because of their tendency to locate in centres. Results showed that most managers were located at the centre site - which assists in manager-tenant communications. Managers tended to set tenant rent based on the area and site to be leased. When it came to shopping centre managers selecting tenants, store credibility and willingness to take part in public relations activities were the most important factors. Once the tenants were selected, managers encouraged most of them to contribute to an in-house marketing fund. When it came to specific relationship issues, managers tended to have more positive views of their relationship with the tenants than the tenants themselves. Concludes that, although the centres have enjoyed success in New Zealand until now, there is still a need for managers and retailers to strive to work together in order to benefit equally from the relationship they have.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Logistics information management 8 (1995), S. 10-17 
    ISSN: 0957-6053
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Discusses the relationship between logistics, packaging and theenvironment. Attempts to clarify industry confusion by identifying thecurrent status of the proposed EC Directive on Packaging andPackaging Waste, which focuses on the recovery of packagingmaterials. This directive has major implications for logistics. Presentsa survey conducted with UK marketing executives involved with theproduction of consumer goods. Finds that awareness of the EC packagingdirective is very high - especially among medium– andlarge-sized companies. Respondents were concerned that the directivewould create excessive distribution costs for their firm. Proposes thatit is in this area where the benefits of information technology may berealized by allowing the efficient management of the increased volume ofinformation created by reverse logistics. Finds that industry issomewhat unsure of what the directive is meant to achieve and who willbe responsible for carrying out its requirements. Suggests that it wouldbe unwise at this stage for firms to make significant spending decisionsuntil the directive has been finally adopted since the directive as itcurrently stands raises more questions than it answers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of retail and distribution management 26 (1998), S. 162-171 
    ISSN: 0959-0552
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Builds on an article, which looked at tenant-manager relationships in shopping centres, published by the authors in IJRDM, Vol. 24 No. 9. Using data from the same research project, this article compares the views of shopping centre and non-shopping centre retailers. Despite many countries having seen a substantial growth in the number of shopping centres, not all retailers choose to locate within a shopping centre, and some retailers actively oppose shopping centres. A survey of clothing retailers in New Zealand showed that retailers in centres tended to have higher sales turnover than those outside centres. Retailers inside centres believed much more strongly that there are opportunities in locating within a centre. The main reasons for retailers not locating in centres were that the levels of rent are too high and the trading hours are too long.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of physical distribution and logistics management 26 (1996), S. 60-72 
    ISSN: 0960-0035
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Identifies, via a mail survey of UK marketing executives, who makes the sales packaging (i.e. primary packaging) decision within the company, and the extent to which these individuals perceive trade-offs between the traditional marketing and logistical functions of a sales package, and environmental pressures to reduce, recycle and reuse packaging. Finds that the primary function of sales packaging is to protect the product until it is ready for use. The marketing function carries the most influence within the organization when it comes to making the sales package decision and, in the majority of cases, sales packaging accounts for less than 10 per cent of overall product costs. Claims the majority of respondents did not see a trade-off between the marketing and logistical function of the sales package and the environmental demands to reduce, recycle and/or reuse sales packaging. However, reports that respondents did agree that sales packaging is a major environmental concern and, assuming it is not possible to have a sales package which both enhances the saleability of the product and is compatible with the environment, the ability of the sales package to sell the product is more important than its compatibility with the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of consumer marketing 20 (2003), S. 157-169 
    ISSN: 0736-3761
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: With a focus on the purchasing behaviour of parents buying luxury brands of infant apparel, this paper considers the concepts of buying roles, conspicuous consumption/social consumption motivation, and materialism. A survey of 134 mothers who had purchased luxury brands of clothing for their infants found that parents are motivated by the good quality and design associated with the luxury brands. The relationship between the amount of money spent by parents on luxury brands of infant apparel and social consumption motivation was not significant. However, interviewees who spent more on luxury clothing brands for their infants were determined to be more materialistic. It is thus recommended that marketers should emphasise the good quality and design of their luxury brands of infant apparel. In addition, marketers should promote the materialistic values of purchasing luxury brands of infant apparel, showing that buying luxury brands of infant apparel may be a route to happiness, rather than being a route for impressing others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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