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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-phase manufacture of particulates: interplay of chemical reaction and aerosol coagulation in the free-molecular regime (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 28 (1989), S. 1474-1481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00094a007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerosol reactor design: effect of reactor type and process parameters on product aerosol characteristics (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 25 (1986), S. 634-642 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i200034a007
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical waveguide preform fabrication: Silica formation and growth in a high-temperature aerosol reactor (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 2445-2450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Silica particle formation and growth in a high-temperature aerosol reactor has been studied. A novel sampling probe has been used to obtain the evolution of the silica particle size distribution in the reactor. A simple model approximating the particle size distribution by a unimodal lognormal function was used to describe the aerosol behavior in the reactor. Good agreement of the integral properties of the aerosol size distribution was obtained between theory and experiment. Reasonable agreement was also obtained with the prediction of more sophisticated models for aerosol dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342814
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corona-assisted flame synthesis of ultrafine titania particles (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 3275-3277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Synthesis of ultrafine titania particles is investigated in a diffusion flame aerosol reactor in the presence of a gaseous electric discharge (corona) created by two needle electrodes. The corona wind flattens the flame and reduces the particle residence time at high temperatures, resulting in smaller primary particle sizes and lower level of crystallinity. Increasing the applied potential from 5 to 8 kV reduces the particle size from 50 to 25 nm and the rutile content from 20 to 8 wt %. Coronas provide a clean and simple technique that facilitates gas phase synthesis of nanosized materials with controlled size and crystallinity. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zirconia Nanoparticles Made in Spray Flames at High Production Rates (2004)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Synthesis of zirconia nanoparticles by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) at high production rates is investigated. Product powder is collected continuously in a baghouse filter unit that is cleaned periodically by air-pressure shocks. Nitrogen adsorption (BET), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are used to characterize the product powder. The effect of powder production rate (up to 600 g/h), dispersion gas flow rate, and precursor concentration on product particle size, crystallinity, morphology, and purity is investigated. The primary particle size of zirconia is controlled from 6 to 35 nm, while the crystal structure consists of mostly tetragonal phase (80–95 wt%), with the balance monoclinic phase at all process conditions. The tetragonal crystal size is close to the primary particle size, which indicates weak agglomeration of single crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00197.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of Oxide Particles Made by the Emulsion Combustion Method (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Various oxide powders were prepared by the emulsion combustion method (ECM) using metal precursors, kerosene, and a surfactant. The product particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption, and X-ray diffraction. Hollow γ-Al2O3 particles were produced from aluminum nitrate or chloride precursors dispersed in air, whereas dispersion of the precursor emulsion in oxygen resulted in solid α-Al2O3 particles. Hollow spheres were obtained also for TiO2, ZrO2, and Y2O3 by ECM of TiCl4, zirconium oxynitrate, and yttrium nitrate in aqueous solution. A simple method was developed to predict the thickness and diameter of hollow particles using the nitrogen adsorption data and initial droplet concentration of the ECM spray. The TEM diameter and shell thickness of hollow particles were consistent with those predicted. In contrast, solid particles were formed by ECM for ZnO, Fe2O3, CeO2, and MgO from aqueous solutions of their corresponding nitrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03394.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Packaging of Sol–Gel-Made Porous Nanostructured Titania Particles by Spray Drying (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Porous titania granules (1–20 μm) were made by spray drying titania solutions with and without peptization. An unpeptized titania slurry was prepared by hydrolyzing titanium tetraisopropoxide, while a peptized sol was prepared by adding nitric acid to the slurry. The characteristics of the granules depended on the feed solution properties. In particular, granules from the unpeptized slurry showed a bimodal pore size distribution (PSD), with a rough surface attributed to hard aggregates; granules from the peptized sol showed a monomodal PSD, with a smooth surface of well-packed nanoparticles. The effect of dopants (alumina and zirconia) also was investigated. Doping slowed the crystallite growth of the titania granules, as well as the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation. All of the peptized granules exhibited a monomodal PSD of intraparticle pores, from 2 to 15 nm. However, the PSD of the pure titania granules collapsed at 600°C, mainly by phase transformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb01097.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of Phase and Pore Structure of Titania Powders Using HCl and NH4OH Catalysts (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Porous titania powders were prepared by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and were characterized at various calcination temperatures by nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and microscopy. The effect of HCl or NH4OH catalysts added during hydrolysis on the crystallinity and porosity of the titania powders was investigated. The HCl enhanced the phase transformations of the titania powders from amorphous to anatase as well as anatase to rutile, while NH4OH retarded both phase transformations. Titania powders calcined at 500°C showed bimodal pore size distributions: one was intra-aggregated pores with average pore diameters of 3–6 nm and the other was interaggregated pores with average pore diameters of 35–50 nm. The average intra-aggregated pore diameter was decreased with increasing HCl concentration, while it was increased with increasing NH4OH concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00613.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles by Flame Spray Pyrolysis (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Bismuth oxide nanostructured particles were made via the flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) of bismuth nitrate that had been dissolved in a solution of ethanol/nitric acid or in acetic acid. These self-sustaining spray flames produced tetragonal β-Bi2O3. The use of ethanol/nitric acid solutions resulted in a mixture of hollow, shell-like, and solid nanograined particles. The particle homogeneity was improved as the content of acetic acid in the precursor solution increased. Solid bismuth oxide nanoparticles were prepared consistent with percolation theory, accounting for the specific volume of the product and the precursor. Using pure acetic acid as the solvent, the effect of FSP variables on spray flame and product powder characteristics was investigated. The specific surface area of the Bi2O3 particles could be controlled over a range of 20–80 m2/g by the liquid feed and oxygen gas flow rates for powder production rates of 6–46 g/h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00340.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of Hollow and Solid Alumina Particle Formation in Spray Flames (2004)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermophoretic sampling (TS) of the aerosol was conducted to manifest the formation of hollow and solid alumina particles in spray flames. The collected particles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Hollow particles with a thin shell (e.g., 10 nm) were formed from the aluminum nitrate precursor emulsion at less than 4-cm flame height. Hollow particles maintained their shapes in the flame using air as dispersion/oxidant gas, whereas hollow-to-solid restructuring of the particles took place in the flame using oxygen. With oxygen, nanoparticles were formed in the gas phase from the aluminum butoxide/2-propanol precursor solution only, whereas gas-phase reaction was hindered, forming large particles from the aluminum nitrate/2-propanol precursor solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00523.x
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