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  • 1
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Bakers' asthma ; Wheat grain allergens ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Immobilized pH gradients ; Protein sequencing ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Micropreparative two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients (4-8) in the first dimension (IPG-DALT) was optimized for the separation of salt-soluble wheat grain proteins associated with bakers' asthma disease. The resolved polypeptides were electroblotted onto a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane and incubated with the pooled sera from four asthmatic bakers. Bound IgE was demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-human IgE. Major IgE binding was detected in the 27 kDa, 37 kDa and, to a lesser extent, in the 14-18 kDa area of the 2-D immunoblots, respectively. Since the main purpose of our study was to determine the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the major wheat grain allergens, N-terminal sequencing was performed for six out of a total of eleven major allergens located in the 27 kDa area, for one out of two 37 kDa allergens, and for two out of four 14-18 kDa allergens. Our results revealed that two of the 27 kDa polypeptides are clearly related to several Acyl-CoA oxidase variants of barley and rice, whereas no significant homologies were found for the remaining four 27 kDa allergens analyzed. The N-terminus of the 37 kDa allergen appeared to be blocked so that no sequence information was obtained, while the two 14-18 kDa allergens analyzed were identified as members of the wheat α-amylase-inhibitor family.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An intra- and interlaboratory comparison of positional reproducibility of protein spots in two-dimensional electrophoresis using immobilised pH gradients (IPG) in the first dimension (IPG-DALT) was made. Aliquots of two different samples, human cardiac and barley leaf proteins, were separated in two different laboratories (London and Munich), using 180 mm long IPG gel strips, pH 4-8, for the first dimension and homogeneous SDS-PAGE gels (12% T) for the second dimension. Subsets of 340 (cardiac) and 200 (barley) well-resolved spots distributed across the 2-D gel patterns were selected for computer analysis (PDQUEST) of positional reproducibility. The IPG-dimension was highly reproducible in each laboratory, with a mean standard deviation of about 1 mm for both types of sample. Interlaboratory comparisons revealed identical results for barley with a mean standard deviation along the x-axis of about 1 mm, whereas the cardiac matchset showed slightly more variability (mean standard deviation ∼ 1.5 mm). Nevertheless, IPG-DALT provides significantly improved reproducibility of spot positions compared to conventional isoelectric focusing with synthetic carrier ampholytes.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A population of ten morphologically similar inbred lines of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has been investigated for polymorphism of seed proteins by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients. To reveal as much variation as possible, both the water- and the urea/detergent-soluble protein fraction were electrophoretically analyzed and subsequently visualized by silver staining. The 2-D patterns were subjected to computer analysis to be able to establish genetic variation. A high number of the seed proteins were found to be variable as to presence/absence: these were 68 out of 184 reproducible water-soluble proteins and 34 out of 419 reproducible urea/detergent-soluble proteins. Comparison of the 2-D data of the water-soluble and the urea/detergent-soluble proteins, which represent the biggest part of all extractable seed proteins, showed that both protein fractions have proteins in common, but the variable proteins found in both fractions were non-identical. The difference of variability scored in both solubility fractions was discussed. Genetic distances between all pairs of inbred pepper lines were calculated and a genetic tree was constructed. A correlation analysis was carried out to correct for genetic linkage and for secondary modifications, to have a more proper estimate of genetic distances. In both cases the dendrograms showed two distinct genetic groups of five inbred lines. This electrophoretic study was done in order to utilize the genetic distance data in breeding for heterosis. The genetic distance data presented will be used to validate the assumption that there is a higher chance to achieve better hybrid performance when the genetic distance between the parents is as great as possible. From the fact that we found a high level of genetic variability within a population of ten morphologically similar inbred lines, it can be concluded that 2-D electrophoresis can be efficiently applied in pepper breeding.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: 2-D PAGE ; Reproducibility ; Immobilized pH gradient ; Yeast ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An interlaboratory comparison was conducted on the positional and quantitative reproducibility of yeast proteins resolved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) using isoelectric focusing with immobilized pH gradient (pH 4-7) in the first dimension. The basic experimental set-up was as follows: one laboratory prepared and distributed a [35S]methioninelabeled total yeast protein extract (Göteborg, Sweden), another laboratory prepared the IPG strips to be used by all labs in this study (Munich, Germany), the third laboratory (Aarhus, Denmark) circulated the protocols and coordinated the modest attempts to unify them. Samples were run horizontally in the first dimension and vertically in the second. The gels were sent to Göteborg for processing by phosphoimager technology and computerized image analysis (PDQuest), and the 2-D PAGE resolved proteins were located and quantified automatically. A subset of 470 spots was manually matched in all gels out of an average of 1328 resolved proteins. The positional interlaboratory comparison revealed great pattern reproducibility, the correlation coefficient in no case being less than 0.9994. In absolute terms an average deviation of 2.8 mm (x-position) and 1.8 mm (y-position) were obtained for all nine gels (three gels per lab). The interlaboratory comparison of protein quantitation displayed higher variability, and the best correlation coefficient generated was 0.975. An average standard deviation of 34.5% was calculated for protein quantitation including all three labs, a value slightly higher than the intralaboratory variation (range 20-28%) Thus, despite differences in protocols, chemicals and equipment, the immobilized pH gradient technology gave extremely high positional and quantitative reproducibility. This will greatly facilitate the exchange of data and the establishment of multi-user image-based 2-D gel databases.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 2803-2810 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Latex allergy ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Immunoblotting ; Protein microsequencing ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting and N-terminal protein microsequencing were used to characterize and identify the IgE-reactive proteins of Hevea latex that are the main cause of the latex type I allergy affecting especially health care workers and spina bifida children. This approach generated a comprehensive latex allergen database, which facilitated the integration of most of the latex allergen data presented in the literature. The major latex allergens Hev b 1, Hev b 3, Hev b 6 and Hev b 7 have been localized on our 2-D maps. Moreover, we were able to identify six previously undescribed IgE-binding latex proteins, namely enolase, superoxide dismutase, proteasome subunit C5, malate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase and endochitinase. The generated latex 2-D maps will provide valuable information to develop strategies for the isolation of the novel IgE binding proteins in order to study the frequency of sensitization among both risk groups. Detailed knowledge of all proteins involved in latex allergy will allow better diagnosis of latex allergy and to monitor the success of prevention strategies that are needed to reduce the high prevalence of latex allergy among both risk groups.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ten pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) inbred lines were successfully differentiated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients. Qualitative polymorphism of water-soluble and urea/detergent-soluble seed proteins, respectively, was investigated by computer analysis and used for establishing a dendrogram derived from maximum-parsimony analysis. The dendrogram calculated from urea/detergent-soluble proteins shows four types of distance indices, whereas water-soluble proteins show two sets of inbred lines with similar intraset distance indices. The validity of the dendrograms with respect to quantitative inherited traits, such as cold tolerance and earliness, will be tested by field trials.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Immobilized pH gradients ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: After having established the basic protocol of two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients in the first dimension (IPG-Dalt) in 1988 (A. Görg et al., Electrophoresis 1988, 9, 531-546), some critical parameters of the actual IPG-Dalt protocols as well as the results obtained with horizontal and vertical second-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis are demonstrated and discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Capsicum annuum L ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Seed protein polymorphism ; Heterosis ; Prediction ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The genetic variation of 10 morphologically similar pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) inbred lines has been analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradient (IPG-DALT) of seed proteins. For all pairs of inbred lines genetic distance indices were calculated on the basis of the IPG-DALT analysis and a genetic tree was constructed. The protein polymorphism data of the 10 inbred lines were integrated into a pepper breeding program to validate the assumption that there is a higher chance of achieving better hybrid performance when the genetic distance between the parents is as great as possible. Field trials were performed in Turkey and consisted of a total of 27 crossings based on 9 inbred lines. Fifteen hybrids exceeded the crop yield of the better parent and 8 additional hybrids exceeded the mean crop yield of both parents. The genetic distance indices of the parental inbred lines based on protein polymorphism data were not significantly correlated to heterosis performance of the experimental hybrids (r = 0.20), indicating that protein polymorphism data add little to the prediction of single cross hybrid performance. Nevertheless, protein polymorphism data support the breeder in being more effective in finding out the best inbred combinations, because most of the less promising crossings can be omitted from the expensive and time-consuming performance tests. Those hybrids whose distance indices exceeded the mean of all 27 distance values (0.52) were superior to the mean value of all heterosis performances by 19%. Moreover, 11 out of 15 hybrids having distance indices higher than the mean of the 27 crossings exceeded the mean of all heterosis values (304 g), but only 5 hybrids out of 12 showing distance values below the mean exceeded the overall mean of heterosis performance. We conclude that IPG-DALT can be used as an efficient tool in vegetable hybrid breeding.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Daucus carota ssp. sativus ; Seed protein polymorphism ; Immobilized pH gradients ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Hybrid breeding ; Purity testing ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The genetic variability of eight carrot populations representing commercially important morphological types was analyzed for seed protein polymorphism by one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis using immobilized pH gradients (IPG) in order to assess the potential of both techniques in carrot hybrid breeding as well as genetic quality testing of carrot trade seeds. The digitized silverstained one- and two-dimensional gels of the urea/detergent-soluble seed proteins were subjected to computer analysis to estimate both the inter- and intrapopulation genetic variability. The results indicated that isoelectric focusing (IEF-IPG) of seed proteins is a powerful tool for quick screening of the genetic variability present between and within carrot populations, while two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IPG-DALT) can be employed to establish detailed genetic relationships of carrot populations selected by initial IEF-IPG screening in order to use genetic distant and homogeneous populations for successful carrot hybrid breeding. However, the applicability of IEF-IPG in genetic quality testing of carrot seeds seems to be restricted to hybrid purity testing. IPG-DALT is a far more powerful tool to profile unambiguously all carrot varieties commercially used in order to test the genetic quality of trade seeds, because this technique exhibits protein spots or spot combinations exclusively found in each of the eight varieties investigated.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-2697
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0309
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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